人教版八年级英语上第一、二单元重点笔记.doc

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?1.一般过去时:表示过去时间做某事或存在的状态. (1)当谓语动词是be时,其句式如下; a.肯定句:主语+was/were+其它 Tom was at home yesterday. b. 否定句:在be 后加not:主语+ was/were+ not+其它. They were not in the USA last summer.c.一般疑问句: Was/Were+主语+其它?-Was Tom at home yesterday? -Yes, he was./No, he wasnt.-Were they in the USA last summer? -Yes, they were. /No, they werent.d.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它?Where was Tom yesterday? Where were they last summer?(2)当谓语动词是行为动词时,其句式如下:a.肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其它. Gina went to the beach yesterday.b.否定句:主语+ didnt+动词原形+其它. Gina didnt go to the beach yesterday.c.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?-Did Gina go to the beach yesterday? -Yes, she did. /No, she didnt.d. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?Where did Gina go yesterday?2. hill小山 The house stands on a hill. Mountain大山 He wants to see Himalaya mountains (喜马拉雅山).3. go with sb和某人一起去go to +某地+with sb和某人一起去某地Did you go with anyone? I want to go to the mountains with my family.4. some一些,一般用于肯定句和表示委婉语气疑问句中.Any一些,一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中.a.常见复合不定代词有:something一些东西, anything一些东西, everything每件东西, nothing没有东西, somebody=someone某人, anybody=anyone某人, everybody=everyone每人, somewhere某地, anywhere某地, everywhere每人地方, nowhere没有地方b.复合不定代词+定语(形容词,动词不定式等)something interesting一些有趣的东西, something to eat一些吃的东西5, few很少,几乎没有,表否定,后接可数名词复数. a few一些,表肯定,后接可数名词复数.quite a few相当多,表肯定,后接可数名词复数.little小的,后可以接可数名词;很少,几乎没有,表否定,后接不可数名词单数.a little有点儿=kind of. 一些,表肯定,后接不可数名词单数.quite a little相当多,表肯定,后接不可数名词单数.I have few good friends. Jim has a few storybooks. There is little water in the bowl.I feel a little tired after school. There is a little water in the bowl.6. most后直接+名词, most people大多数人most of +限定词+名词,作主语时,谓语动词单复数由它所修饰的名词单复数确定.most of后直接+宾格复数代词, most of us我们中大多数人Most of her money was stolen(被偷).Most of her books were stolen.7.反身代词 Myself我自己, ourselves我们自己, yourself你自己, yourselves你们自己, himself他自己, herself她自己, itself它自己, themselves他(她,它)们自己8. nothing but除了-外,没有-,只是,仅仅.有时两词还可以分开. There was nothing much to do in the evening but read.晚上除了读书外,就没有许多要做的事.9. decide to do sth决定做某事decide not to do sth决定不做某事We decided to go to the beach near our hotel.10. try to do sth尽力做某事try doing sth尝试做某事Please try to finish this work in thirty minutes.My sister and I tried paragliding.11. feel like+名词/代词/Ving/句子.觉得,想吃,想做,摸起来像I felt like I was a bird.12. walk与介词搭配的词组有: walk down/ along沿着-走, walk around/ round绕着-走, walk by /past走过, walk across/through步行穿过-, walk into走进-, walk on走-上 walk=go for a walk=take/gave a walk散步13.因为 because+句子because of+名词/代词/Ving形式 Because I am so tired, I want to have a rest. He isnt at school because of the illness.14. below 与under区别: (1)两者都可以表示“在-正下方”，不表示正下方,则用below. (2) below表示”少于,低于”,主要用于表示温度,高度以及有纵向标准可比的情况.其它数量方面的“少于” 多用under. The temperature is two degrees below zero.温度是零下2度. There were under forty people at the meeting.参加会议的人不足40人. (3)表示一物被另一物覆2,则常用under The lost city is under the forest.消失的城市就在森林的下面.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?1. how often多久一次how long多长how soon多久以后how far多远2. once一次, twice两次, 三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”.如three times, four times, once a week一周一次, twice a week一周两次, three times a month一个月三次, one to three times a week一周一到三次, three or four times a week一周三次或四次3. 时间频度副词:放在be动词,情态动词,助动词之后;行为动词之前.always总是(100)usually通常 (75) often经常(50) sometimes有时(20) seldom很少(10) hardly ever几乎不(2) never从不(0)It is sometimes hot here. I never play computer games.4. every day每天,在句中常作时间状语everyday形容词,日常的,只作定语修饰名词. I go to school by bike every day. Its no easy to learn everyday English(日常英语).5. health不可数名词,健康healthy形容词,健康的 be in good/bad health身体好/不好 keep healthy=keep in good health保持健康6. be good for-有益be bad for-有害be good at擅长于be good to-好be good with-有办法,-相处得好7. here引导的倒装句(1) 当主语是名词时用完全倒装.Here+谓语动词+主语(名词).Here goes the bell.铃响了.Here is you letter.Here are my new friends.(2) 当主语是代词时,用部分倒装.Here+主语代词+谓语动词.Here it is.它在这儿.Here you are.给你.8. not-at al一点也不,根本不I dont like the film at all.9.用了“虽然”although,就不要“但是”but; 反之用了but, 就不要although. Although he is rich, he is not happy.10 for example只例举同类的人或事物中的一个例子,后要打逗号。 such as列举同类的人或事物中的几个例子,后不要打逗号. For example, ball games are very popular all over the world. Today many people enjoy keep pets, such as dogs, cats, birds or even snakes.11. die动词,死: dead形容词,死的: death名词,死: dying形容词,临死的.My grandpa died last year, all my family were very sad.The death of her pet dog makes Lucy sad for several days.12. fifteen percent 15, fortyfive percent 45We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.13. How come?怎么会呢?既可独立使用,也可在其后接句子.14. the answer to this problem这个个问题的答案 the questions about our daily habits关于我们日常习惯的问题 How come the s