螺杆空气压缩机设计【13张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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螺杆空气压缩机设计

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关键词：: 螺杆空气压缩机设计 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩通过

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摘要
通过在压缩机厂家的学习和网上资料结合，本次设计将简单介绍空气压缩机吸气、排气过程的工作原理和有效减小噪音的方法。
吸气、排气过程是在压缩缸里完成的。影响其吸气或排气量的因素有转子直径、转子长度；P(压力)、T（温度）、海拔高度、n（转速）、V（余隙容积）、泄漏等。前者属于设计因素，而后者属于运动因素。合理的运用这些因素可以有效的提高压缩机的工作效率，从而提高生产率。
噪音是是令人讨厌或干扰的声音，在压缩机工作的同时还会发出不同程度的噪音，影响工作人员的身心健康。有效得减小噪音事在必行。
减小噪音的主要方法有1、保机体中的所有接头是安全的，叉车孔关闭，机组地面的基体是固封住的。2、通过管道输送进气和排气。 3、减少反射噪声。通过以上3点设计和预防，进一步减小产生的噪音。此外，还有不少减小噪音的途径。通过种种减小噪音的方法，使压缩机真正的实现规范化，符合国家规定的标准。

关键词：压缩机，V形带，螺杆，噪音.

By compressor manufacturers in the study and on-line information integration, this will be designed to brief air compressor suction, exhaust the process of working principle and effective method of reducing noise.
Suction, exhaust in the compression process is completed Gang Li. Breathing or affect its emissions factors rotor diameter, the length of the rotor; P (pressure), T (temperature), altitude, n (speed), V (MS gap volume), the leakage. The former are design factors, which are factors campaign. Reasonable use of these factors can effectively improve the efficiency of the compressor, thereby improving productivity.
Yes yes noise nuisance or interfere with the voice of the compressor will be issued at the same time the work of different levels of noise and affect the physical and mental health staff. Effective in reducing noise is inevitable.
The main method of reducing noise there, in all-body joints are safe, forklift hole closed, the ground crew is solid matrix sealed. 2, piped through the intake and exhaust. 3, reducing reflection noise. Through the above 3:00 design and prevention, and further reduce the noise generated. In addition, there are many ways of reducing noise. Reduce noise through a variety of methods, to achieve real standardization compressor, in line with the state standards.

Key words: compressor, V-shaped belt, screw, noise.

CAD中英文对照…………………………………………………………………………………..1
课题报告…………………………………………………………………………………………..10
第一章引言…………………………………………………………………………11
第二章螺杆压缩机的介绍........................................................................................12
一.发展历程…………………………………………………………………...12
二.发展方向…………………………………………………………………...12
三.螺杠压缩机的研究意义…………………………………………………...13
四.螺杠压缩机的原理………………………………………………………...15
五.螺杠压缩机的操作规程…………………………………………………..16
第三章参数及选取原则............................................................................................19
3.1.型线参数……………………………………………………………...........19
3.1.1型线种类……………………………………………………………...19
3.1.2转子齿数……………………………………………………………...19
3.1.3齿高半径 ……………………………………………………………20
3.1.4齿顶高………………………………………………………………...20
3.2转子结构参数……………………………………………………………….20
3.2.1转子直径和长径比…………………………………………………...20
3.2.2导程和和扭转角……………………………………………………...20
3.2.3排气压力和吸气压力………………………………………………...21
3.2.4压缩机的排量………………………………………………………...21
第四章电动机的选择及V带的设计.....................................................................22
4. 1电动机的型号………………………………………………………………22
4.2 V带的设计…………………………………………………………….........22
4.3螺杆压缩机的功率………………………………………………………….25
第五章.噪音及减小噪音的途径…………………………………………………....26
5.1噪音………………………………………………………………………….26
5.2噪音的测量………………………………………………………………….26
5.3噪声防止途径……………………………………………………………….28
第六章结束语............................................................................................................30
第七章参考文献……………………………………………………………………31
第八章附录…………………………………………………………………………32
第九章感谢信............................................................................................................34

计算机辅助设计的简要历史

在我们讲述CAD的基本理论之前,先说说他的简史是比较合适的。CAD是计算机时代的产品.它从早期的计算机绘图系统发展到现在的交互式计算机图形学.两个这样的系统包括:麻省理工学院的Sage Project及Sketchpad。Sage Project旨在开发CRT显示器及操作系统. Sketchpad是在Sage Project下发展起来的.CRT显示和光笔输入用于与系统进行交互操作.CAD与初次出现的NC和APT(自动编程工具)碰巧同时出世.后来,X-Y绘图仪作为计算机绘图的标准硬拷贝输出装置使用,一个有趣的现象是X-Y绘图仪与NC钻床具有相同的基本机构,除了绘图笔NC机床上的主轴刀具替代之外。
开始，CAD系统仅仅是一个带有内置设计符号的绘图编辑器，供用户使用的几何元素只有直线、圆弧、以及两者的组合。自由曲线及其曲面的发展，如昆氏嵌面、贝塞尔嵌面以及B-样条曲线，使CAD系统可用于复杂曲线与曲面设计。三维CAD系统允许设计者步入三维设计空间。由于一个三维设计模型包含了NC刀具路径编程所需的足够信息，所以能够开发CAD与NC之间联系的系统。所谓交钥匙的CAD/CAM系统便是根据这一概念开发的，并从20世纪70年代至80年代流行起来。
20世纪70年代，三维实体建模的发明标志着CAD一个新时代的开始。过去的三维线框模型仅用其边界来表达一个物体。这在某种意义上是模糊的，一个简单的模型可能有几种解释。同时也无法获得一个模型的体积信息。实体模型包含完整的信息，因此，它们不仅可用于生成工程图，而且也可在同一模型上完成工程分析。后来，开发了许多商业系统和研究系统。这些系统中相当多的是基于PADL和BUILD系统。尽管它们在表达上是强有力的，但仍然存在许多缺陷。例如，这种系统要有极强的计算能力和内存需求，非常规的物体建模方式以及标注公差能力的缺乏，这一切已阻碍了CAD应用。直到20世纪80年代中期，实体建模开始介入设计环境。今天实体建模的应用如同绘图和线框模型应用一样普遍。
在个人计算机上，CAD已走向大众化。这种发展使CAD应用面广并且很经济。CAD原本作为一种工具仅被航空和其它主要工业企业使用。诸如AutoCAD、VersaCAD、CADKEY等个人机CAD软件包的引入，使小型公司乃至个人可以拥有并使用CAD系统。到1988年为止已销售10万个以上的PC CAD软件包。今天，基于个人计算机的实体建摸的PC CAD易于获得，并且销售变得更为普及。由于微型计算机的迅速发展使得个人计算机能够承受实体模型需要的大量计算负荷，所以如今许多实体模型在PC机上运行，并且作为平台已不成为一个问题。随着标准图形用户界面的发展，CAD系统可以很容易地从一台计算机传送，大多数CAD系统都能在不同平台上运行。在大型计算机、工作台和基于个人计算机的CAD系统之间几乎没有区别。
计算机辅助设计的结构
一个CAD系统包含三个主要部分：
（1）硬件计算机及输入/输出装置。
（2）操作系统软件。
（3）应用软件 CAD软件包。
硬件主要用于支持软件功能。在CAD系统中使用着种类繁多的硬件。操作系统软件是CAD应用软件与硬件之间的界面。操作系统软件管理着硬件运行并提供许多诸如创建和取消操作任务、控制任务的进程、在任务间分配硬件资源、提供通向软件资源，如文件、编辑器、编译和应用程序的通道等基本功能。这不仅对CAD软件很重要，而且对非CAD软件也很重要。
应用软件是CAD系统的核心。它由二维和三维建摸、绘图、工程分析等程序组成。一个CAD系统的功能便建立在应用软件中。正是应用软件使一种CAD软件包区别于另一种，通常应用软件是依赖于操作系统的。要把在一个操作系统上运行的CAD系统移到另一个操作系统上，并不像编译软件那样微不足道。因此也必须注意操作系统。
计算机辅助设计
计算机辅助设计给了设计者去尝试几个可行的解决方案的能力。通常还需要某些形式的设计分析计算，而为了这一任务已经编写了许多程序。计算机为设计者对所建议的各种结构设计的分析和为最终设计准备正式绘图提供了强有力的工具。
在二维绘图领域中，计算机方法能够提供比传统的纸和笔的方法更有意义、更大成本节约的优点，但是一个CAD系统并不仅是一个电子绘图板。计算机绘图系统可使设计者设计出既快又准确的图形，并且很容易修改。在涉及到重复性工作时，会戏剧性产生复制产品，因为标准图形只要一次构建成功，就可以从图库中取出。剪切和粘贴技术作为节约劳动力的辅助工具被使用。当几个分项目设计人员从事同一个工程时，要建立中心数据库，使得由某一个人绘的细节图可以很容易地合并到其它不同的装配图中。中心数据库也可作为标准参考零件库使用。
有限元是一项成熟的应力分析技术，它多被土木工程和机械工程所采用。它由将结构划分成有限个的小单元所组成，并计算每一个单元之间的作用力。如果被分割的单元足够小，就能对一个结构或实体的内部应力获得一个好的估计。这些计算机设计惯用于大型结构物的设计，诸如船体、桥梁、飞机机身和海面油井平台。汽车工业也使用类似的方法来设计和制造车身。
二维绘图
CAD使多视图的二维绘图成为可能，视图空间可以从微米到米的比例范围内无限变化。它提供给机械设计师放大的功能，即使在恰当配合的装配零件中最小的零件也能看清楚，设计程序甚至能自动辨认CAD装配图中的潜在问题。针对具有不同特征的零件，如运动的或静止的，在显示时可以被指定成不同的颜色。为了有利于工程设计的变化，可使用带有自动尺寸变化的系统对零件进行尺寸标注。

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内容简介：: 外文资料翻译Industrial technology and equipment modernization of the national economy as a whole is determined by the level and degree of modernization, CNC equipment is the development of new technology and cutting-edge industries and high-tech industries (such as information technology and its related industries Biotechnology and related industries, aviation, aerospace and other defense industries) enabling technology and the basic equipment. NC widely used in the world today manufacturing technology, to increase manufacturing capacity, enhance the ability to adapt to dynamic market changes and competitive ability. Besides the developed industrial world will NC NC equipment and technology as the strategic commodities. not taken significant steps to develop its own digital technology and its related industries in the high-tech NC key technology and equipment to Chinas policy of closures and restrictions. In short, numerical control technology at the core of efforts to develop advanced manufacturing technology has become the worlds developed countries to accelerate economic development. improve our overall national strength and an important way to statehood. NC technology is the use of digital information to the mechanical and process control technology, NC NC technology equipment is represented by the new technologies on traditional manufacturing industries and the formation of the penetration of new manufacturing machinery and electronics products, the so-called digital equipment, technology cover many areas : (1) Machinery Manufacturing Technology; (2) information processing, processing, transmission technology; (3) control technology; (4) servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology. 装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业（如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业）的使能技术和最基本的装备。当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术，以提高制造能力和水平，提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。此外世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资，不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业，而且在“高精尖”数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。总之，大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，即所谓的数字化装备，其技术范围覆盖很多领域：(1)机械制造技术；(2)信息处理、加工、传输技术；(3)自动控制技术；(4)伺服驱动技术；(5)传感器技术；(6)软件技术等。1 NC Technology Trends1 数控技术的发展趋势NC technology applications not only bring about a revolutionary change to the traditional manufacturing industries, the manufacturing industry has become a symbol of industrialization. With the continuous development and application of numerical control technology fields expanded, and some important sectors of the national economy (IT. automobiles, light industry, health care, etc.) are playing an increasingly important role in the development. Because these businesses have modern digital equipment needed by the general trend of development. NC technology and equipment from the worlds development trends, its main focus is the following : 数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，使制造业成为工业化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，他对国计民生的一些重要行业（IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等）的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看，其主要研究热点有以下几个方面：1.1 speed, the new trend of high-finishing technology and equipment 1.1高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势Efficiency, and quality is the main advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed, high-finishing technologies can greatly enhance our efficiency, improve product quality and grades. shorten production cycles and improve their competitiveness on the market. Japan will end its tip technology as one of the five major modern manufacturing technology. International Institute of production (52th) will be identified as one of the Research Center for the 21st century. Recently, the overall use of a large aluminum alloy billets emptied the solution to the wing. large fuselage parts to a large number of parts to replace rivets, screws and other CONNECTIONS assembled. make component strength, stiffness and reliability improved. All of the processing equipment and high-speed, high-precision and high flexibility requirements. Hannover Expo from the case, the high speed processing centers will be to speed up stiffness, or even higher. operating speed of up to 100 m / min air around. Reliability and MTBF values abroad NC device has more than 6 copper, 30000h servo system MTBF value reached more than demonstrated very high reliability. In order to achieve high-speed, high-finishing, ancillary components such as the spindle, the rapid development of a linear motor, Applications will continue to expand. 效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率，提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一，国际生产工程学会（CIRP）将其确定为21世纪的中心研究方向之一。近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装，使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。从EMO2001展会情况来看，高速加工中心进给速度可达80m/min，甚至更高，空运行速度可达100m/min左右。在可靠性方面，国外数控装置的MTBF值已达6 000h以上，伺服系统的MTBF值达到30000h以上，表现出非常高的可靠性。为了实现高速、高精加工，与之配套的功能部件如电主轴、直线电机得到了快速的发展，应用领域进一步扩大。 1.2 5-axis machining machine tool and the rapid development 1.2 5轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展 Using 5-axis machining of 3D components, the best available tool for cutting geometry not only finish high. but also greatly increase efficiency. Generally believed that one 5-axis machine efficiency can mean 2, 3-axis machine tools. particularly the use of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials for high-speed milling of hardened steel cutter parts, 5-axis machining for more than three-axis machining efficiency. But for the past five-axis CNC system mainframe complex reasons, their prices several times higher than the 3-axis CNC machine tools, plus programming techniques rather difficult. constraining the development of a five-axis machine tools. At present, due to a spindle, enabling 5-axis machining spindle head of composite structures simplified. manufacturing difficulties and costs lowered significantly, reducing the gap between the price of CNC system. So for the first type of compound axis and 5-axis machine machine tool (including five surface Machine) development. In Hannover Expo, the new machine in Japan for the first 5 axis surface machining machine compound. four vertical plane processing can be realized and arbitrary angle processing, 5 5-axis machining and surface processing makes on the same machine can be achieved, but also to achieve the processing of tilted surface and inverted cone hole. German companies DMG display DMUVoution series processing center under 5 fixture in a five-axis machining and surface processing, CAM or CNC control system can be controlled, directly or indirectly.采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削，不仅光洁度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般认为，1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动机床，特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高速铣削淬硬钢零件时，5轴联动加工可比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。但过去因5轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因，其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍，加之编程技术难度较大，制约了5轴联动机床的发展。当前由于电主轴的出现，使得实现5轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化，其制造难度和成本大幅度降低，数控系统的价格差距缩小。因此促进了复合主轴头类型5轴联动机床和复合加工机床（含5面加工机床）的发展。在EMO2001展会上，新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头，可实现4个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现，还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。德国DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心，可在一次装夹下5面加工和5轴联动加工，可由CNC系统控制或CAD/CAM直接或间接控制。 1.3 intelligent, open-end, the network has become the main trends in contemporary development of NC System 1.3 智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势CNC equipment to the 21st century is quite intelligent system Intelligent include : all aspects of the NC system for the pursuit of intelligent processing efficiency and quality, If processing the adaptive control, automatic generation parameters; To improve driving performance and convenience of the users of intelligence If feedforward control, the electrical parameters of the adaptive computing, automatic identification load automatically selected model, self-tuning; simplify programming, Intelligent streamline operations, such as the intelligent automatic programming and intelligent man-machine interface; There intelligent diagnosis. Intelligent monitoring the content to facilitate the diagnosis and maintenance. NC system for the traditional NC software industry closed and production problems that existed. Many countries to open CNC system, American NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Ma chine Control). EC OSACA (Open System Architecture for Contr o within Automation Systems) Japans OSEC (Open System Environment for Controll r). Chinas ONC (Open Numerical Control System). NC NC system, the future has become an open road. NC NC system is the so-called open system in the development of a unified operating platform. machine tool manufacturers and end-users, to change, increasing or prune object structure (NC function), serialized form. users can conveniently be applied to the special technical know-how and integrated control system to quickly achieve different varieties, Open CNC different grades, creating a distinctive brand personality. NC now open system architecture standard communications standards, standardized configuration, the operating platform, NC NC system and reservoir system software development tools is the core of the current study. Network equipment last two internationally renowned NC Machine Tool Expo a new bright spot. NC network equipment will greatly satisfy production lines, manufacturing systems, manufacturing enterprise information integration on demand Agile manufacturing as well as creating a new, virtual enterprises on the basis of a global manufacturing unit. NC NC Machine and some famous foreign companies in the past two years to create a related new concepts and prototype Show in Hannover, Japans Yamazaki Mazak (Mazak) exhibits CyberProduction Cente r (intelligent production control center CPC); Japan cove (42nd meeting) Machine Company display plaza IT (Information Technology Square. listed IT Plaza); Germanys Siemens (Siemens) displayed in the Open Manufacturing Company Envi ronment (open manufacturing environment, called OME). NC machine to the network reflects the direction of the trend. 21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究，如美国的NGC(The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control)、欧共体的OSACA(Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems)、日本的OSEC(Open System Environment for Controller)，中国的ONC(Open Numerical Control System)等。数控系统开放化已经成为数控系统的未来之路。所谓开放式数控系统就是数控系统的开发可以在统一的运行平台上，面向机床厂家和最终用户，通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象（数控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中，快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。网络化数控装备是近两年国际著名机床博览会的一个新亮点。数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线、制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求，也是实现新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虚拟企业、全球制造的基础单元。国内外一些著名数控机床和数控系统制造公司都在近两年推出了相关的新概念和样机，如在EMO2001展中，日本山崎马扎克（Mazak)公司展出的“CyberProduction Center”（智能生产控制中心，简称CPC)；日本大隈（Okuma）机床公司展出“IT plaza”（信息技术广场，简称IT广场)；德国西门子(Siemens)公司展出的Open Manufacturing Environment（开放制造环境，简称OME）等，反映了数控机床加工向网络化方向发展的趋势。2 NC Technology and the development of basic industries estimate 2 对我国数控技术及其产业发展的基本估计 NC Technology started in 1958, nearly 50 years of development history can be divided into three stages : The first stage was from 1958 to 1979, closed development stage. At this stage, as foreign technology blockade, and our basic conditions, the development of NC relatively slow. The second stage is the June 5, Plan and during the Eighth Five-year Plan, a period that the introduction of technology, absorbing system made preliminary stage. At this stage, due to the importance of reform and opening up and national and international research and development environment and the improvement of the environment. NC Technology research and development of products made considerable progress has been made. The third stage is in the Eighth Five-year Plan, and later the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, namely the implementation of the industry, market competition stage. At this stage, our domestic CNC equipment industry has made substantial progress. During the Ninth Five-year Plan period, the domestic market share of domestic CNC machine tools, 50% NC domestic distribution system (universal) have also reached 10%. Taking the NC Technology development for nearly 50 years, especially in the wake of four five-year plan to tackle difficult problems. Generally speaking, the following results. A. NC technology laid the basis for the development of basic techniques of modern CNC. China has basically mastered from the NC system, servo-driven, NC server, pieces of the plane and its supporting infrastructure technology, Most already have the technology for commercialization of the base, some technology commercialization, industrialization. B. NC initially formed the industrial base. Commercialization of research results and in part on the basis of technology, such as the establishment of a central NC. NASA NC NC system with the ability to mass production factories. Lanzhou Electrical Machinery Plant, a number of central CNC servo system and servo motor manufacturers and the Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Plant. Jinan No. 1 Machine Tool Plant several NC mainframe production. These manufacturers have formed an NC basic industrial base. C. NC establish a research, development, the basic management team. Although the NC and industrial technology research and development has made considerable progress, However, we must also clearly understand that our high-end CNC technology research and development, especially in the industrial and technological level of Chinas real situation, there is a large gap between demand. Despite the rapid development of Chinas vertical, horizontal ratio (compared with foreign countries) have not only skills gap the pace of development in some areas there are gaps that some of sophisticated CNC trend of widening the gap between the level of technical equipment. From the international perspective, the level of industrial and technological level of China NC estimated as follows. A. Technical level, and the advanced level of about 10-15 years behind the sophisticated technology is even greater. B. Industrial level, the market share of low coverage of small species, not scal

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