首页 人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > 磨床电气的PLC改造设计【3张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】
说明书.doc

磨床电气的PLC改造设计【3张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

收藏

压缩包内文档预览：(预览前20页/共36页)
预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图
编号：363519    类型：共享资源    大小：216.26KB    格式：RAR    上传时间：2014-11-10 上传人：好资料QQ****51605 IP属地：江苏
45
积分
举报
举报 版权申诉
版权申诉 word格式文档无特别注明外均可编辑修改；预览文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰！ 立即下载
关 键 词：
磨床 电气 plc 改造 设计 cad 图纸 毕业论文 答辩 通过
资源描述：

【温馨提示】 购买原稿文件请充值后自助下载。

[全部文件] 那张截图中的文件为本资料所有内容，下载后即可获得。


预览截图请勿抄袭，原稿文件完整清晰，无水印，可编辑。

有疑问可以咨询QQ：414951605或1304139763

摘要
由于工厂企业中很多磨床年代久远，其工作已远远达不到现代生产的要求。因此有必要对旧式的常规电动机控制系统进行技术改造，以可编程序控制器取代常规的继电器，以达到磨床的自动化控制。本文介绍了用可编程序控制器来对平面磨床控制系统进行现代化改造，简要叙述了老式成型平面磨床的工作原理及用PLC进行改造设计的方法和设计步骤，并给出PLC编程程序梯形图。改造后的磨床工作安全可靠，系统运行情况良好，磨削精度更高；利用PLC控制磨床运行，实现了磨床启动、停止、故障停止、紧急停止的功能，可根据运行要求灵活切换磨床的控制方式；提供过载，轻载，断相和电压不平衡保护；现场显示运行状态，实现智能化监控。并因所吸工件的不同灵活调节电磁吸盘的电流，并且显示数值大小。从而实现了磨床运行的自动化。PLC控制的特点使原机床控制大大的简单化,并且维修方便,易于检查。节省大量的继电器元件,使机床的工作效率更高。该项技术还可推广应用于其他辅机设备或其他领域的自动化控制改造中。  

关键词 可编程序控制器；平面磨床；改造

 

Abstract
Because many grinder ages are remote in the manufacturing division, its work could not achieve the modern production by far the request . So it is necessary to carry on technological transformation to the old-fashioned regular motor control system and replace normal regulations by programmable preface controller of after electric appliances with attain grinding machine of automation control. This text introduced comes with the programmable controller to the surface grinding machine control system to make the modernized transformation, narrated the old style formation surface grinding machine's principle of work briefly and carries on the transformation design with PLC the method and the design procedure, and gives PLC the programming procedure trapezoidal chart . After the reformation of grinding machine work safety credibility, he systems operation situation is good, the grinding precision is higher; Using the PLC control grinder movement, realized the grinder to start, the stop, the breakdown to stop, the emergency stop function, might cut grinder's control mode nimbly according to the movement request; Provides the overload, the underloading, breaks and the voltage is not balanced protects; The scene demonstration running status, realizes the intellectualized monitoring. Because and attracts the work piece the different nimble adjustment magnet chuck electric current, and demonstration value size. Thus has realized the grinder movement automation. The PLC control's characteristic causes the original machine tool control big simplification, and services conveniently, easy to inspect. Saves the massive relay element, causes engine bed's working efficiency to be higher. This technology may also promote applies in other auxiliary engine equipment or in other domain automated control transformation.
Keywords   Programmable logic controller   Flat surface grinding machine   Reformation



目       录
1 绪论 1
2 磨床的概述 3
2.1 磨床的介绍 3
2.2 世界平面磨床发展趋势 3
3 可编程控制器的概况 5
3.1 PLC的产生和特点及其发展动向 5
3.1.1 PLC的产生 5
3.1.2 PLC的定义 5
3.1.3 PLC的特点 6
3.1.4 PLC的发展趋势 7
3.2 PLC的系统结构和基本工作原理 8
3.2.1 PLC的系统结构 8
3.2.2 PLC的系统结构和基本工作原理 9
3.2.3 PLC的主要功能 10
3.2.4 PLC的应用设计步骤 11
3.3 PLC的选型原则 12
4 系统的总体设计 15
4.1 改造平面磨床的步骤 15
4.1.1 改造方案的确定 15
4.1.2 改造的技术准备 15
4.1.3 改造的实施 16
4.1.4 验收及后期工作 17
4.1.5 用PLC改造继电-接触式控制系统的步骤 18
4.2 控制线路控制改造要求 18
4.3 原设备电器的工作原理 19
4.3.1 平面磨床主要结构和运动形式 19
4.3.2 电气控制线路分析 20
4.4 分析控制对象，进行系统的硬件设计 23
4.5 系统的软件设计 24
5 性能测试与分析 27
结论 28
致谢 29
参考文献 30
附录 31
中文翻译： 31
外文翻译： 38



内容简介：
徐州工程学院毕业设计附本徐州工程学院毕业设计（论文）任务书 机电工程 学院 机械设计制造及其自动化 专业设计（论文）题目 磨床电气的PLC改造 学 生 姓 名 刘鸿羽 班 级 04机本（4） 起 止 日 期 指 导 教 师 王树臣 教研室主任 发任务书日期 年 月 日1.毕业设计的背景： 用可编程控制器改造旧机床电气系统，在现有企业里是非常现实的技术改造方案，具有投资省、见效快的特点。通过使用PLC改造该机床电气系统后，去掉了原机床的中间继电器，时间继电器，顺序控制二极管及电阻，使线路简化。同时，由于PLC的高可靠性，输入输出部分还有信号指示，不仅使电气故障次数大大减少，而且还给准确判断电器故障发生位置提供了很大方便。2.毕业设计(论文)的内容和要求： 1掌握磨床结构与工作过程2磨床的继电器控制电路图3设计基于PLC控制的原理图4能够进行机械和电气系统设计5掌握PLC基本原理6使用CAD画图3.主要参考文献： 1史国生.电器控制与可编程控制器技术M化学工业出版社，20042齐占庆.机床电气自动控制M机械工业出版社，19873Mark Rosewell Programming Logic ControlM Cambrige Press,20024常斗南.可编程序控制器M北京：机械工业出版社,2005.2 12夏国伟.机床电气与维修M陕西科学技术出版社，19804.毕业设计(论文)进度计划(以周为单位)：起 止 日 期工 作 内 容备 注第1周第2.3周第4，5周第6，7周第8周第9 ，10周第11，12周第13，14周第15，16周调研，实习，查阅文献，整理收集资料明确课题任务，完成开题报告进行磨床整体分析进行磨床的PLC改造统方案论证编写设计说明书提交外文翻译，提交说明书电子文档整理设计资料，完善并提交设计成果预答辩，答辩教研室审查意见： 室主任 年 月 日学院审查意见： 教学院长 年 月 日徐州工程学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告课 题 名 称： 磨床电气的PLC改造 学 生 姓 名： 刘鸿羽 学号： 20040601430 指 导 教 师： 王树臣 职称： 教授 所 在 学 院： 机电学院 专 业 名 称： 机械设计制造及其自动化 徐州工程学院 年 月 日说 明1根据徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文)管理规定，学生必须撰写毕业设计（论文）开题报告，由指导教师签署意见、教研室审查，学院教学院长批准后实施。2开题报告是毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。学生应当在毕业设计（论文）工作前期内完成，开题报告不合格者不得参加答辩。3毕业设计开题报告各项内容要实事求是，逐条认真填写。其中的文字表达要明确、严谨，语言通顺，外来语要同时用原文和中文表达。第一次出现缩写词，须注出全称。4本报告中，由学生本人撰写的对课题和研究工作的分析及描述，没有经过整理归纳，缺乏个人见解仅仅从网上下载材料拼凑而成的开题报告按不合格论。5. 课题类型填：工程设计类；理论研究类；应用（实验）研究类；软件设计类；其它。6、课题来源填：教师科研；社会生产实践；教学；其它课题名称磨床电气的PLC改造课题来源实际课题类型工程类选题的背景及意义用可编程控制器改造旧机床电气系统，在现有企业里是非常现实的技术改造方案，具有投资省、见效快的特点。通过使用PLC改造该机床电气系统后，去掉了原机床的中间继电器，时间继电器，顺序控制二极管及电阻，使线路简化。同时，由于PLC的高可靠性，输入输出部分还有信号指示，不仅使电气故障次数大大减少，而且还给准确判断电器故障的发生部位提供了很大的方便。研究内容拟解决的主要问题1掌握磨床结构与工作过程2磨床的继电器控制电路图3设计基于PLC控制的原理图4能够进行机械和电气系统设计5掌握PLC基本原理研究方法技术路线首先对原来旧式机床的工作原理进行分析，在此基础上确定改造的方案。其次是根据电气控制要求所需的用户输入设备，输出设备，以及由输出设备驱动的控制对象。据此确定PLC的I/O点数，分配I/O点，绘制I/O连接图，选择PLC。然后设计控制系统程序，控制系统的程序应经过反复修改，直到满足为止最后工作就是要联机调试 如不满足要求，在返回修改程序或检查接线，直到满足要求为止。研究的总体安排和进度计划 1调研，实习，查阅文献，整理收集资料2明确课题任务，完成开题报告3进行磨床整体分析4进行磨床的PLC改造5统方案论证6编写设计说明书7提交外文翻译，提交说明书电子文档8整理设计资料，完善并提交设计成果9预答辩，答辩主要参考文献1史国生.电器控制与可编程控制器技术M化学工业出版社，20042齐占庆.机床电气自动控制M机械工业出版社，19873常斗南.可编程序控制器M北京：机械工业出版社,2005.2 4夏国伟.机床电气与维修M陕西科学技术出版社，19805Mark Rosewell Programming Logic ControlM Cambrige Press,2002指导教师意 见 指导教师签名： 年 月 日 教研室意见学院意见教研室主任签名：年 月 日 教学院长签名： 年 月 日毕业设计（论文）进度记录表第12周主要完成工作：查找文献，收集相关资料指导教师意见第34周主要完成工作：完成开题报告第56周主要完成工作：分析磨床并且确定改造方案第78周主要完成工作：对系统的硬件部分进行分析与设计第910周主要完成工作：对磨床的电气部分进行PLC改造第1112周主要完成工作：对改造的系统进行调试与分析直到符合要求为止第1314周主要完成工作：完成设计说明书，提交外文翻译和论文电子文档第1516周主要完成工作：整理论文，完善并提交论文，装备答辩毕业设计（论文）指导记录表指导内容记录： 指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容记录： 指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容记录： 指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容记录： 指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日指导内容纪录：指导教师签名： 年 月 日徐州工程学院学生毕业设计（论文）中期情况检查表学院名称： 机电工程学院 检查日期：2008年 6月 3 日学生姓名刘鸿羽专业班级04机本（4）指导教师王树臣设计（论文）题目磨床电气的PLC改造工作进度情况进度安排合理，详细。能够按照规定计划的进度完成任务。是否符合任务书要求进度是能否按期完成任务能工作态度情况(态度、纪律、出勤、主动接受指导等)工作态度认真，每次都能按时出勤。并能按规定时间完成任务在设计过程中能善于思考，发现问题能及时解决。质量评价(针对已完成的部分)中期已完成部分设计内容基本符合要求，其中也存在一些疏忽问题，通过检查纠正已经解决那些不足这处。存在问题和解决办法主要存在的问题是对系统的PLC的调试，最终通过多次实验排查得以解决。检查人签字学院负责人签字 徐州工程学院毕业设计（论文）指导教师评阅表学院： 机电学院 专业：机械设计制造及其自动化 学生：刘鸿羽 学号： 20040601430题目： 磨床电气的PLC改造 评价项目评价要素成绩评定优良中及格不及格工作态度工作态度认真，按时出勤能按规定进度完成设计任务选题质量选题方向和范围选题难易度选题理论意义和实际应用价值能力水平查阅和应用文献资料能力综合运用知识能力研究方法与手段实验技能和实践能力创新意识设计论文质量内容与写作结构与水平规范化程度成果与成效指导教师意见建议成绩是否同意参加答辩是评语：指导教师签字：年 月 日徐州工程学院毕业设计（论文）评阅表学院： 专业： 学生： 学号： 题目： 评价项目评价要素成绩评定优良中及格不及格选题质量选题方向和范围选题难易度选题理论意义和实际应用价值能力水平查阅和应用文献资料能力综合运用知识能力研究方法与手段实验技能和实践能力创新意识设计论文质量内容与写作结构与水平规范化程度成果与成效评阅教师意见建议成绩是否同意参加答辩评语：评阅教师签字：年 月 日徐州工程学院毕业设计（论文）答辩及综合成绩评定表学 院专业班级学生姓名学 号指导教师设计论文题 目答辩时间年 月 日 时 分至 时 分答辩地点答辩小组成 员姓名职称答辩记录提问人提问主要内容学生回答摘要答辩记录人签字：答辩小组意见答辩评语：答辩成绩 答辩小组组长签字：综合成绩评定指导教师评定成绩评阅教师评定成绩答辩成绩综合评定成绩答辩委员会主任签字： 年 月 日徐州工程学院毕业设计（论文）摘要由于工厂企业中很多磨床年代久远，其工作已远远达不到现代生产的要求。因此有必要对旧式的常规电动机控制系统进行技术改造，以可编程序控制器取代常规的继电器，以达到磨床的自动化控制。本文介绍了用可编程序控制器来对平面磨床控制系统进行现代化改造，简要叙述了老式成型平面磨床的工作原理及用PLC进行改造设计的方法和设计步骤，并给出PLC编程程序梯形图。改造后的磨床工作安全可靠，系统运行情况良好，磨削精度更高；利用PLC控制磨床运行，实现了磨床启动、停止、故障停止、紧急停止的功能，可根据运行要求灵活切换磨床的控制方式；提供过载，轻载，断相和电压不平衡保护；现场显示运行状态，实现智能化监控。并因所吸工件的不同灵活调节电磁吸盘的电流，并且显示数值大小。从而实现了磨床运行的自动化。PLC控制的特点使原机床控制大大的简单化,并且维修方便,易于检查。节省大量的继电器元件,使机床的工作效率更高。该项技术还可推广应用于其他辅机设备或其他领域的自动化控制改造中。 关键词 可编程序控制器；平面磨床；改造AbstractBecause many grinder ages are remote in the manufacturing division, its work could not achieve the modern production by far the request . So it is necessary to carry on technological transformation to the old-fashioned regular motor control system and replace normal regulations by programmable preface controller of after electric appliances with attain grinding machine of automation control. This text introduced comes with the programmable controller to the surface grinding machine control system to make the modernized transformation, narrated the old style formation surface grinding machines principle of work briefly and carries on the transformation design with PLC the method and the design procedure, and gives PLC the programming procedure trapezoidal chart . After the reformation of grinding machine work safety credibility, he systems operation situation is good, the grinding precision is higher; Using the PLC control grinder movement, realized the grinder to start, the stop, the breakdown to stop, the emergency stop function, might cut grinders control mode nimbly according to the movement request; Provides the overload, the underloading, breaks and the voltage is not balanced protects; The scene demonstration running status, realizes the intellectualized monitoring. Because and attracts the work piece the different nimble adjustment magnet chuck electric current, and demonstration value size. Thus has realized the grinder movement automation. The PLC controls characteristic causes the original machine tool control big simplification, and services conveniently, easy to inspect. Saves the massive relay element, causes engine beds working efficiency to be higher. This technology may also promote applies in other auxiliary engine equipment or in other domain automated control transformation.Keywords Programmable logic controller Flat surface grinding machine Reformation 1 目 录1绪论12磨床的概述32.1磨床的介绍32.2世界平面磨床发展趋势33可编程控制器的概况53.1PLC的产生和特点及其发展动向53.1.1PLC的产生53.1.2PLC的定义53.1.3PLC的特点63.1.4PLC的发展趋势73.2PLC的系统结构和基本工作原理83.2.1PLC的系统结构83.2.2PLC的系统结构和基本工作原理93.2.3PLC的主要功能103.2.4PLC的应用设计步骤113.3PLC的选型原则124系统的总体设计154.1改造平面磨床的步骤154.1.1改造方案的确定154.1.2改造的技术准备154.1.3改造的实施164.1.4验收及后期工作174.1.5用PLC改造继电-接触式控制系统的步骤184.2控制线路控制改造要求184.3原设备电器的工作原理194.3.1平面磨床主要结构和运动形式194.3.2电气控制线路分析204.4分析控制对象，进行系统的硬件设计234.5系统的软件设计245性能测试与分析27结论28致谢29参考文献30附录31中文翻译：31外文翻译：38徐州工程学院毕业设计（论文） 1 徐州工程学院毕业设计（论文）附录中文翻译：数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策摘要：简要介绍了当今世界数控技术及装备发展的趋势及我国数控装备技术发展和产业化的现状，在此基础上讨论了在我国加入WTO和对外开放进一步深化的新环境下，发展我国数控技术及装备、提高我国制造业信息化水平和国际竞争能力的重要性，并从战略和策略两个层面提出了发展我国数控技术及装备的几点看法。装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业（如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业）的使能技术和最基本的装备。马克思曾经说过“各种经济时代的区别，不在于生产什么，而在于怎样生产，用什么劳动资料生产”。制造技术和装备就是人类生产活动的最基本的生产资料，而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最核心的技术。当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术，以提高制造能力和水平，提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。此外世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资，不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业，而且在“高精尖”数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。总之，大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术，数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品，即所谓的数字化装备，其技术范围覆盖很多领域：（1）机械制造技术；（2）信息处理、加工、传输技术；（3）自动控制技术；（4）伺服驱动技术；（5）传感器技术；（6）软件技术等。1数控技术的发展趋势数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化，使制造业成为工业化的象征，而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大，他对国计民生的一些重要行业（IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等）的发展起着越来越重要的作用，因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看，其主要研究热点有以下几个方面14。1.1 高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率，提高产品的质量和档次，缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一，国际生产工程学会（CIRP）将其确定为21世纪的中心研究方向之一。在轿车工业领域，年产30万辆的生产节拍是40秒/辆，而且多品种加工是轿车装备必须解决的重点问题之一；在航空和宇航工业领域，其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋，刚度很差，材料为铝或铝合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下，才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装，使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。从EMO2001展会情况来看，高速加工中心进给速度可达80m/min，甚至更高，空运行速度可达100m/min左右。目前世界上许多汽车厂，包括我国的上海通用汽车公司，已经采用以高速加工中心组成的生产线部分替代组合机床。美国CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach机床进给速度最大达60m/min，快速为100m/min，加速度达2g，主轴转速已达60 000r/min.加工一薄壁飞机零件，只用30min，而同样的零件在一般高速铣床加工需3h，在普通铣床加工需8h；在加工精度方面，近10年来，普通级数控机床的加工精度已由10m提高到5m，精密级加工中心则从35m，提高到11.5m，并且超精密加工精度已开始进入纳米级（0.01m）。在可靠性方面，国外数控装置的MTBF值已达6000h以上，伺服系统的MTBF值达到30000h以上，表现出非常高的可靠性。1.2为了实现高速、高精加工，与之配套的功能部件如电主轴、直线电机得到了快速的发展，应用领域进一步扩大。轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工，可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削，不仅光洁度高，而且效率也大幅度提高。一般认为，1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动机床，特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高速铣削淬硬钢零件时，5轴联动加工可比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。但过去因5轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因，其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍，加之编程技术难度较大，制约了5轴联动机床的发展。当前由于电主轴的出现，使得实现5轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化，其制造难度和成本大幅度降低，数控系统的价格差距缩小。因此促进了复合主轴头类型5轴联动机床和复合加工机床（含5面加工机床）的发展。在EMO2001展会上，新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头，可实现4个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现，还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。德国DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心，可在一次装夹下5面加工和5轴联动加工，可由CNC系统控制或CAD/CAM直接或间接控制。1.3智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统，智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面：为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化，如加工过程的自适应控制，工艺参数自动生成；为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化，如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等；简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化，如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等；还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究，如美国的NGC（The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control）、欧共体的OSACA（Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems）、日本的OSEC（Open System Environment for Controller），中国的ONC（Open Numerical Control System）等。数控系统开放化已经成为数控系统的未来之路。所谓开放式数控系统就是数控系统的开发可以在统一的运行平台上，面向机床厂家和最终用户，通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象（数控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中，快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统，形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。网络化数控装备是近两年国际著名机床博览会的一个新亮点。数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线、制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求，也是实现新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虚拟企业、全球制造的基础单元。国内外一些著名数控机床和数控系统制造公司都在近两年推出了相关的新概念和样机，如在EMO2001展中，日本山崎马扎克（Mazak）公司展出的“CyberProduction Center”（智能生产控制中心，简称CPC）；日本大隈（Okuma）机床公司展出“IT plaza”（信息技术广场，简称IT广场）；德国西门子（Siemens）公司展出的Open Manufacturing Environment（开放制造环境，简称OME）等，反映了数控机床加工向网络化方向发展的趋势。1.4重视新技术标准、规范的建立关于数控系统设计开发规范如前所述，开放式数控系统有更好的通用性、柔性、适应性、扩展性，美国、欧共体和日本等国纷纷实施战略发展计划，并进行开放式体系结构数控系统规范（OMAC、OSACA、OSEC）的研究和制定，世界3个最大的经济体在短期内进行了几乎相同的科学计划和规范的制定，预示了数控技术的一个新的变革时期的来临。我国在2000年也开始进行中国的ONC数控系统的规范框架的研究和制定。关于数控标准数控标准是制造业信息化发展的一种趋势。数控技术诞生后的50年间的信息交换都是基于ISO6983标准，即采用G，M代码描述如何（how）加工，其本质特征是面向加工过程，显然，他已越来越不能满足现代数控技术高速发展的需要。为此，国际上正在研究和制定一种新的CNC系统标准ISO14649（STEPNC），其目的是提供一种不依赖于具体系统的中性机制，能够描述产品整个生命周期内的统一数据模型，从而实现整个制造过程，乃至各个工业领域产品信息的标准化。STEP-NC的出现可能是数控技术领域的一次革命，对于数控技术的发展乃至整个制造业，将产生深远的影响。首先，STEP-NC提出一种崭新的制造理念，传统的制造理念中，NC加工程序都集中在单个计算机上。而在新标准下，NC程序可以分散在互联网上，这正是数控技术开放式、网络化发展的方向。其次，STEP-NC数控系统还可大大减少加工图纸（约75）、加工程序编制时间（约35）和加工时间（约50）。目前，欧美国家非常重视STEP-NC的研究，欧洲发起了STEP-NC的IMS计划（1999.1.12001.12.31）。参加这项计划的有来自欧洲和日本的20个CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC用户、厂商和学术机构。美国的STEP Tools公司是全球范围内制造业数据交换软件的开发者，他已经开发了用作数控机床加工信息交换的超级模型（Super Model），其目标是用统一的规范描述所有加工过程。目前这种新的数据交换格式已经在配备了SIEMENS、FIDIA以及欧洲OSACA-NC数控系统的原型样机上进行了验证。2、对我国数控技术及其产业发展的基本估计我国数控技术起步于1958年，近50年的发展历程大致可分为3个阶段：第一阶段从1958年到1979年，即封闭式发展阶段。在此阶段，由于国外的技术封锁和我国的基础条件的限制，数控技术的发展较为缓慢。第二阶段是在国家的“六五”、“七五”期间以及“八五”的前期，即引进技术，消化吸收，初步建立起国产化体系阶段。在此阶段，由于改革开放和国家的重视，以及研究开发环境和国际环境的改善，我国数控技术的研究、开发以及在产品的国产化方面都取得了长足的进步。第三阶段是在国家的“八五”的后期和“九五”期间，即实施产业化的研究，进入市场竞争阶段。在此阶段，我国国产数控装备的产业化取得了实质性进步。在“九五”末期，国产数控机床的国内市场占有率达50，配国产数控系统（普及型）也达到了10。纵观我国数控技术近50年的发展历程，特别是经过4个5年计划的攻关，总体来看取得了以下成绩:a.奠定了数控技术发展的基础，基本掌握了现代数控技术。我国现在已基本掌握了从数控系统、伺服驱动、数控主机、专机及其配套件的基础技术，其中大部分技术已具备进行商品化开发的基础，部分技术已商品化、产业化。b.初步形成了数控产业基地。在攻关成果和部分技术商品化的基础上，建立了诸如华中数控、航天数控等具有批量生产能力的数控系统生产厂。兰州电机厂、华中数控等一批伺服系统和伺服电机生产厂以及北京第一机床厂、济南第一机床厂等若干数控主机生产厂。这些生产厂基本形成了我国的数控产业基地。c.建立了一支数控研究、开发、管理人才的基本队伍。虽然在数控技术的研究开发以及产业化方面取得了长足的进步，但我们也要清醒地认识到，我国高端数控技术的研究开发，尤其是在产业化方面的技术水平现状与我国的现实需求还有较大的差距。虽然从纵向看我国的发展速度很快，但横向比（与国外对比）不仅技术水平有差距，在某些方面发展速度也有差距，即一些高精尖的数控装备的技术水平差距有扩大趋势。从国际上来看，对我国数控技术水平和产业化水平估计大致如下。a.技术水平上，与国外先进水平大约落后1015年，在高精尖技术方面则更大。b.产业化水平上，市场占有率低，品种覆盖率小，还没有形成规模生产；功能部件专业化生产水平及成套能力较低；外观质量相对差；可靠性不高，商品化程度不足；国产数控系统尚未建立自己的品牌效应，用户信心不足。c.可持续发展的能力上，对竞争前数控技术的研究开发、工程化能力较弱；数控技术应用领域拓展力度不强；相关标准规范的研究、制定滞后。分析存在上述差距的主要原因有以下几个方面。a.认识方面。对国产数控产业进程艰巨性、复杂性和长期性的特点认识不足；对市场的不规范、国外的封锁加扼杀、体制等困难估计不足；对我国数控技术应用水平及能力分析不够。b.体系方面。从技术的角度关注数控产业化问题的时候多，从系统的、产业链的角度综合考虑数控产业化问题的时候少；没有建立完整的高质量的配套体系、完善的培训、服务网络等支撑体系。c.机制方面。不良机制造成人才流失，又制约了技术及技术路线创新、产品创新，且制约了规划的有效实施，往往规划理想，实施困难。d.技术方面。企业在技术方面自主创新能力不强，核心技术的工程化能力不强。机床标准落后，水平较低，数控系统新标准研究不够。3、对我国数控技术和产业化发展的战略思考3.1 战略考虑我国是制造大国，在世界产业转移中要尽量接受前端而不是后端的转移，即要掌握先进制造核心技术，否则在新一轮国际产业结构调整中，我国制造业将进一步“空芯”。我们以资源、环境、市场为代价，交换得到的可能仅仅是世界新经济格局中的国际“加工中心”和“组装中心”，而非掌握核心技术的制造中心的地位，这样将会严重影响我国现代制造业的发展进程。我们应站在国家安全战略的高度来重视数控技术和产业问题，首先从社会安全看，因为制造业是我国就业人口最多的行业，制造业发展不仅可提高人民的生活水平，而且还可缓解我国就业的压力，保障社会的稳定；其次从国防安全看，西方发达国家把高精尖数控产品都列为国家的战略物质，对我国实现禁运和限制，“东芝事件”和“考克斯报告”就是最好的例证。3.2 发展策略从我国基本国情的角度出发，以国家的战略需求和国民经济的市场需求为导向，以提高我国制造装备业综合竞争能力和产业化水平为目标，用系统的方法，选择能够主导21世纪初期我国制造装备业发展升级的关键技术以及支持产业化发展的支撑技术、配套技术作为研究开发的内容，实现制造装备业的跨跃式发展。强调市场需求为导向，即以数控终端产品为主，以整机（如量大面广的数控车床、铣床、高速高精高性能数控机床、典型数字化机械、重点行业关键设备等）带动数控产业的发展。重点解决数控系统和相关功能部件（数字化伺服系统与电机、高速电主轴系统和新型装备的附件等）的可靠性和生产规模问题。没有规模就不会有高可靠性的产品；没有规模就不会有价格低廉而富有竞争力的产品；当然，没有规模中国的数控装备最终难以有出头之日。在高精尖装备研发方面，要强调产、学、研以及最终用户的紧密结合，以“做得出、用得上、卖得掉”为目标，按国家意志实施攻关，以解决国家之急需。在竞争前数控技术方面，强调创新，强调研究开发具有自主知识产权的技术和产品，为我国数控产业、装备制造业乃至整个制造业的可持续发展奠定基础。4、调整产业结构 加强功能部件开发制造能力 中档数控机床产业化程度低是规划要解决的问题之一。“中档数控机床我们能做，但是我们做出来的东西，从质量、交货期，到售后服务，都缺乏市场竞争力。”吴柏林说，“不要说跟欧美比，就连中国台湾我们现在都比不过。他以中档数控机床中典型的普通立式加工中心作例子：2004年内地约消耗了1万台，但是大陆所有企业加起来共生产2000台左右，而只有八九个生产加工中心工厂的台湾竟向大陆销售了3300台。这说明我们的竞争能力差，产业化水平低。”在发展专业化生产方面，吴柏林认为，提高产业化水平，从政府导向来说，还是要大力提倡专业化生产。“搞机床，尤其是普及型或经济型机床，大而全、小而全的生产方法是不行的。” 他还特别提到我国机床产业结构中的一个问题，就是主机厂多，关键功能部件专业生产厂少且弱。以数控系统来说，我们的数控系统80%以上是进口的。不仅价格高，进口周期也不能满足主机厂的要求。而且，使用进口的东西组装起来的机床，可靠性和质量也会受到影响。吴柏林因此认为，提高产业化水平，首先要调整产业结构，加强功能部件的开发和制造能力。其次，企业的技术改造也要加强，而这方面过去企业欠账太多。“制造高精度的机床，用低精度的普通机床去做，难度是很大的。”5、提升高档数控机床开发能力如果说中档数控机床我们还能做，只是产业化水平低的话，那么在高档数控机床方面，开发能力不足的问题就显得尤为突出。规划明确了以企业为主体提高开发能力的方针。吴柏林提到有希望进入国家数控机床产业化基地的企业，像大连、沈阳、北京、上海、济南、秦川、齐齐哈尔的几家企业，都具备一定的水平，而且这几年发展势头很好。“如果国家再扶持一下，它们可能很快就能上来。”但是，提高开发能力并不是一件容易的事情。就拿数控系统来说，现在西方大的公司对我们采取封锁加倾销的市场战略。首先是封锁，封锁不成就倾销。其数控系统在中国市场以十分昂贵的价格出售，获取了高额利润。一但中国企业开发出同样产品，他们就立即大幅降价，甚至降到中国企业的成本价以下。在这种情况下，国家就更要给国内企业以扶持，就像当初美、德、日等扶持本国企业那样。另一方面，吴柏林提醒企业也要从主观上重视开发的投入。“前几年国内机床企业多数处于亏损状态，无力进行科研和技术开发，现在过上了红红火火的好日子。但是你不能只顾生产那些万元一台的小机床。那样的话，几百万美元、几百万欧元一台的机床你永远都开发不出来。”专家指出，机床企业如欲进入产业化基地，其技术开发投入不得低于产品销售收入的5%。如果达到了这个指标，将可每年享受国家给予的一定程度的补贴。按照规划的目标，到“十一五”末期，国产数控机床以销售额计的国内市场占有率将提高到50%以上，同时，国产全部机床产品的国内市场占有率也将提高到60%以上。外文翻译：Number control technique and material a development trend and counterplanAbstract:Synopsis introduction nowadays world number control the trend of technique and material development and our country number control material technique development and the industry turn of present condition, on this foundation discussion under the new surrounding that our country join WTO and outward open further deep turn, development our country number control a technique and material, exaltation our country the manufacturing industry information-based level and international competition the importance of ability, and from strategy and strategy two level put forward development our country number to control a technique and material of what time viewpoint.Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced, and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor . Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop ones own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of high-grade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control and equipping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology;(2)Information processing, processing, transmission technology;(3)Automatic control technology;(4)Servo drive technology;(5)Technology of the sensor;(6)Software engineering ,etc. 1.Development trend of a numerical control technologyThe application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the peoples livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equipping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect 1- in its main research focus. 1.1 A high-speed, high finish machining technology and new trend equippedThe efficiency, quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles, walls. Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank pay empty make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equipping the demand which has proposed high-speed, high precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes up. HyperMach lathe of U.S.A. CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed, it is 100m/min to be fast, the acceleration reaches 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h; The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 120000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5m up to from 10m already, accurate grades of machining center from 35m, rise to 11.5m, and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (0.01m). In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . In order to realize high-speed, high finish machining, if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft, straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is expanded further .1.2 Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axes Adopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part, can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter , not only highly polished, but also efficiency improves by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged, the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 2 3 axle gear beds, is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part, 5 axles link and process 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system , host computer structure that but go over, it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles , in addition the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great, have restricted the development of 5 axle gear beds. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make, it makes degree of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost, the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks. So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe (process the lathe including 5). At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair, can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle, make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls. Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUVoution series machining center, but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly. 1.3 Become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently, openly, networkedly.The numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is produced automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically; The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; There are content of intelligence diagnose , intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc.Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present, such as NGC of U.S.A. (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), OSACA of European Community (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller) of Japan, ONC (Open Numerical Control System) of China, etc. The numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open. The so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and end user, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control function), form the serration, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, communication norm , disposing norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software development ,etc. are the core of present research. The networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line , manufacture system , demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, realize new manufacture mode such as quick make , fictitious enterprise , basic Entrance that the whole world make too. Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced relevant new concepts and protons of a machine in the past two years, if in EMO2001 exhibition, Cyber Production Center that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan (Mazak) (intellectual central production control unit, abbreviated as CPC); The lathe company of Japanese big Wei (Okuma ) exhibits IT plaza (the information technology square , is abbreviated as IT square ); Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction. 1.4 Pay attention to the new technical standard, normal setting-upDesign the norm of developing about the numerical control system As noted previously, there are better common ability, flexibility, adaptability, expanding in the open numerical control system, such countries as U.S.A. ,European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on the research and formulation of the systematic norm (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ) of numerical control of the open system structure, 3 biggest economies in the world have carried on the formulation that nearly the same science planned and standardized in a short time, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of numerical control technology. Our country started the research and formulation of standardizing the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000. About the numerical control standard The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Information exchange among 50 years after numerical control technology was born was all because of ISO6983 standard, namely adopt G, M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he cant meet high-speed development of modern numerical control technologys needs more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC) in the world, its purpose is to offer a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system, can describe the unified data model in cycle of whole life of the products, thus realize the whole manufacture process, standardization of and even each industrial field product information. The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technological field of the numerical control, on the development and even the whole manufacturing industry of numerical control technology, will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on individual computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open , networked development of numerical control technology. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system can also reduce and process the drawing (about 75%), process the procedure to work out the time (about 35%) and process the time (about 50%) greatly. At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1-2001.12.3) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users, manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A. is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed the super model (Super Model ) which accuses of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMENS, FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present. 2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our country The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. In this stages, because technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow. During Sixth Five-Year Plan Period , the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period of the country in second stage and earlier stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period , namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research , development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is and during the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period on the later stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period of the country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In latter stage for the Ninth Five-Year Plan , the domestic occupation rate of market of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular). Make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements. a. Have established the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has mastered modern numerical control technology basically. Our country has already, the numerical control host computer, basic technology of special plane and fittings grasped and driven from the numerical control system and survey basically now, among them most technology have already possessed and commercialized the foundation developed, some technology has already, industrialization commercialized. b. Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize, set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity in batches such as numerical control in Central China, numerical control of the spaceflight etc. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, such factory and the first machine tool plant of Beijing , the first machine tool plant of Jinan ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories of a batch of servo systems and servo electrical machineries as the numerical control in Central China, etc. These factories have formed the numerical control industrial base of our country basically. c. Have set up a numerical control research, development, managerial talents basic team. Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of numerical control technology, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, especially there is greater disparity in current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level in industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (compare foreign countries with) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world, estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level. a. On the engineering level, in probably backward 10-1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology. b. On the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the large-scale production yet; The specialized level of production of function part and ability of forming a complete set are relatively low; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient; Ones own brand effect that the domestic numerical control system has not been set up yet, users have insufficient confidence. c. On the ability of sustainable development, research and development of numerical control technology, project ability is relatively weak to the competition; It is not strong that the technological application of numerical control expands dynamics; Research, formulation that relevant standards are normal lag behind. It is analyzed that the main reason for having above-mentioned disparity has the following several respect. a. Realize the respect. Know to industrys process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently; It is difficult to underestimate to add strangling, system, etc. to the unstandard, foreign blockade of the market; It is not enough to analyse to the technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country. b. System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue, consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one, industry chain in terms of technology; Have not set up related system, perfect training , service network of intact high quality ,etc. and supported the system. c. Mechanism. It causes the brain drain, restraining technology and technological route from innovating again, products innovation that the bad machine is made, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning, has often planned the ideal, implement the difficulty. d. Technology. The autonomous innovation in technology of enterprises is indifferent; the project of key technology is indifferent. The standard of the lathe lags behind, the level is relatively low, it is not enough for new standard of the numerical control system to study. 3 pairs of strategic thinking of technology and industrialized development of numerical control of our country 3.1 Strategic consideration Our country make big country, industry is it is it accept front instead of transformation of back end to try ones best to want in shifting in world, namely should master and make key technology advanced, otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, the manufacturing industry of our country will step forward and leave the core spaces . We regard resource, environment , market as the cost, it is only an international machining center in the new economic pattern of the world to exchange the possibility got and assemble the centre , but not master the position of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously. We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to numerical control technology and industrys question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the peoples living standard but also can alleviate the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from national defense security, the western developed country has classified all the high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of the country, realizing the embargo and restriction to our country, Toshiba incident and Cox Report is the best illustration. 3.2 Development tactics Proceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equipping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose to make key technology upgraded in development of equipping industry and support technology supporting the development of industrialization in our country in initial stage of 21st century in leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jump development of the equipping industry as the content of research and development . Emphasize market demand is a direction, namely take terminal products of numerical control as the core, with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine, high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe, digitized machinery of model, key industry key equipment, etc.) drive the development of the numerical control industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability that (digitized servo system and electrical machinery, high speed electric main shaft system and new-enclosure that equip, etc.) and production scale question. There are no products that scale will not have high dependability; Will not have cheap and products rich in the competitiveness without scale; Certainly, it is difficult to have day holding up ones head finally that there is no scale Chinese numerical control equipment.In equiping researching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of the end user, regard drawing, using, selling as the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in order to solve the needing badly of the country. Numerical control technology, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing the technology and products with independent intellectual property right before the competition, establish the foundation for the industry of numerical control of our country, sustainable development of equipment manufacture and even the whole manufacturing industry. 4.Adjust the industrial structure strengthen a function parts a development manufacturing abilityMedium file number control tool machine industry to turn degree low is programming want to solve of one of the problem.Medium file number control tool machine us to can make, but we do out of thing, from the quality, deliver goods a period, arrive an after-sales service, all la
温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
提示  人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。
关于本文
本文标题：磨床电气的PLC改造设计【3张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】
链接地址：https://www.renrendoc.com/p-363519.html

官方联系方式

网站客服网站客服      侵权投诉侵权投诉
1:下载资料失败解决办法   
2:不支持迅雷下载,请使用浏览器下载   
3:不支持QQ浏览器下载,请用其他浏览器   
4:下载后的文档和图纸-无水印   
5:文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰   
点击下载此资源
关于我们 - 网站声明 - 网站地图 - 资源地图 - 友情链接 - 网站客服 - 联系我们

网站客服QQ：2881952447     

copyright@ 2020-2025  renrendoc.com 人人文库版权所有   联系电话：400-852-1180

备案号:蜀ICP备2022000484号-2       经营许可证: 川B2-20220663       公网安备川公网安备: 51019002004831号

本站为文档C2C交易模式，即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载，本站只是中间服务平台，本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私，请立即通知人人文库网，我们立即给予删除！