说明书.doc

皮带机液压拉紧装置的设计【4张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

收藏

压缩包内文档预览:(预览前20页/共41页)
预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图 预览图
编号:363520    类型:共享资源    大小:1.21MB    格式:RAR    上传时间:2014-11-10 上传人:好资料QQ****51605 IP属地:江苏
45
积分
关 键 词:
皮带机 液压 拉紧 装置 设计 cad 图纸 毕业论文 答辩 通过
资源描述:

【温馨提示】 购买原稿文件请充值后自助下载。

[全部文件] 那张截图中的文件为本资料所有内容,下载后即可获得。


预览截图请勿抄袭,原稿文件完整清晰,无水印,可编辑。

有疑问可以咨询QQ:414951605或1304139763

摘要
皮带机是一种运送物料的运输机械,它广泛地被用于矿山,码头,工厂等各种场合,但是不同的场合对皮带机的结构的要求是不同的,本设计是以矿山运输为背景,对皮带机的结构进行了设计和计算,本设计先对皮带机传动系统的运动进行了力学分析。对皮带机的保养与维护进行了详细的说明,在拉紧装置的设计中,为了对设备进行优化,弥补其他拉紧装置带来的不足,本设计采用液压拉紧装置对系统进行了拉紧,同时对其他辅助原件也做了必要的计算和选择。

关键词  皮带机;输送带;液压拉紧
Abstract

Belt- machine is a kind of machine which is used to transport the goods ,it is widely used in the place of mine,dock,factory and so on ,but they request different structures in different places. This article is on the ground of mine .and it briefly devises and computes the structure of Belt- machine .first,this article analyses the driving system of Belt- machine .and then gives the brief maintenance and maintain of how to employ the belt-machine .in the design of tense equipment , in order to better the equipment and make up the deficiency of other equipments .here we chose the hydraulic system , and the same time ,this article also gives the compute and chose of others’ assistant elements.

Keywords  belt-machine  conveyer belt  hydraulic tension system

目      录
1 绪论 1
1.1 背景介绍 1
1.2 带式输送机的分类 1
1.3 各种带式输送机的特点 1
1.4 带式输送机的发展状况 2
1.5 带式输送机的结构和布置形式 3
1.5.1 带式输送机的结构 3
1.5.2 布置方式 4
1.6 带式输送机拉紧装置的设计要求 4
1.6.1 设计方案 4
1.6.2 主要技术特点 5
1.6.3 应用效果 5
2 皮带机的设计与计算 6
2.1 胶带运动阻力的计算 6
2.2 胶带张力的计算 7
2.3 牵引力及功率的计算 9
2.4皮带机常见故障的原因及处理方法 9
2.4.1.皮带运输机皮带跑偏的处理 9
2.5皮带机的安全使用及保养 10
2.5.1皮带机的安全使用 10
2.5.2皮带机的保养 11
3 液压拉紧装置的设计和计算 12
3.1拉紧装置的类型 12
3.2液压拉紧装置的特点 12
3.3 液压拉紧装置的设计计算 13
3.3.1 系统的工作原理 13
3.3.2 参数设定及工况分析 14
3.3.3 液压回路设计和工作过程分析 14
3.3.4 各元件的确定 15
3.3.5 液压油的确定 16
3.3.6 液压泵的选择和计算 18
3.3.7 电动机的确定 18
3.3.8 各种阀类的选择 19
3.3.9 管路的确定 19
3.3.10 液压系统中的压力损失验算 20
3.4系统基本回路 23
3.5 主要部件的设计计算及强度校核 25
3.5.1 油缸后支座的设计及强度校核 25
3.5.2 液压缸活塞上的耳环的设计及强度计算 26
3.5.3 销轴类的强度校核及结构设计 27
3.5.4 联轴器键的校核 27
3.5.5 焊缝的强度校核 27
3.6液压缸低速爬行的现象的原因及分析 28
3.6.1液压缸低速爬行的现象 28
3.6.2液压缸爬行现象的分析 28
3.6.3液压缸爬行现象的解决办法 29
3.7管接头处泄漏的预防 29
3.8管路预安装 30
3.8.1管路简介 30
3.8.2管路布置要求 30
3.8.3确定管子长度 30
3.8.4管子切断 31
3.8.5管子弯曲 31
3.8.6管子与接头焊接 31
3.8.7管路安装 31
结论 32
致谢 33
参考文献 34
附录 35
附录1 35
附录2 44


1 绪论
1.1 背景介绍
带式输送机特别是上运机是当代最为得力的输送设备之一,随着国民经济的不断发展,多种类型的工件传送机广泛的运用于冶金、矿山、水泥、码头、化工、粮食等行业的各种场合。同时在各种场合对不同的工况所使用的工件传输机也不尽相同。拉紧装置是煤矿井下用带式输送机不可缺少的重要组成部分。拉紧装置主要有螺旋拉紧,重力式拉紧,钢丝绳绞车式拉紧和液压拉紧。其中液压拉紧装置能克服其他拉紧装置方式的不足之处,它可以直接关系到带式输送机的安全运行及使用寿命。以往煤矿井下带式输送机一般均采用绞车拉紧或重锤拉紧,然而近年来,人们已发现上述两种拉紧装置对带式输送机正常运行均会产生一些技术和经济方面问题。所以本设计采用液压拉紧装置实现对整个设备的优化。
带式输送机是连续运输机的一种,连续运输机是固定式或运移式起重运输机中主要类型之一,其运输特点是形成装载点到装载点之间的连续物料流,靠连续物料流的整体运动来完成物流从装载点到卸载点的输送。在工业、农业、交通等各企业中,连续运输机是生产过程中组成有节奏的流水作业运输线不可缺少的组成部分,连续运输机可分为:
(1)具有挠性牵引物件的输送机,如带式输送机,板式输送机,刮板输送机,斗式输送机、自动扶梯及架空索道等;
(2)不具有挠性牵引物件的输送机,如螺旋输送机、振动输送机等;
(3)管道输送机(流体输送),如气力输送装置和液力输送管道。
其中带输送机是连续运输机中是使用最广泛的,带式输送机运行可靠,输送量大,输送距离长,维护简便,适应于冶金煤炭,机械电力,轻工,建材,粮食等各个部门。
1.2 带式输送机的分类
带式输送机分类方法有多种,按运输物料的输送带结构可分成两类,一类是普通型带式输送机,这类带式输送机在输送带运输物料的过程中,上带呈槽形,下带呈平形,输送带有托辊托起,输送带外表几何形状均为平面;另外一类是特种结构的带式输送机,各有各的输送特点。
1.3 各种带式输送机的特点
(1)QD80轻型固定式带输送机  
QD80轻型固定式带输送机与TDII型相比,其带较薄、载荷也较轻,运距一般不超过100m,电机容量不超过22kw。
(2)  
它属于高强度带式输送机,其输送带的带芯中有平行的细钢绳,一台运输机运距可达几公里到几十公里。
(3)U形带式输送机  
它又称为槽形带式输送机,其明显特点是将普通带式输送机的槽形托辊角由30°—45°提高到90°使输送带成U形。这样一来输送带与物料间产生挤压,导致物料对胶带的摩擦力增大,从而输送机的运输倾角可达25°。
(4)管形带式输送机  
U形带式输送带进一步的成槽,最后形成一个圆管状,即为管形带式输送机,因为输送带被卷成一个圆管,故可以实现闭密输送物料,可明显减轻粉状物料对环境的污染,并且可以实现弯曲运行。
(5)气垫式带输送机  
其输送带不是运行在托辊上的,而是在空气膜(气垫)上运行,省去了托辊,用不动的带有气孔的气室盘形槽和气室取代了运行的托辊,运动部件的减少,总的等效质量减少,阻力减小,效率提高,并且运行平稳,可提高带速。但一般其运送物料的块度不超过300mm。增大物流断面的方法除了用托辊把输送带强压成槽形外,也可以改变输送带本身,把输送带的运载面做成垂直边的,并且带有横隔板。一般把垂直侧挡边作成波状,故称为波状带式输送机,这种机型适用于大倾角,倾角在30°以上,最大可达90°。
(6)压带式带输送机  
它是用一条辅助带对物料施加压力。这种输送机的主要优点是:输送物料的最大倾角可达90°,运行速度可达6m/s,输送能力不随倾角的变化而变化,可实现松散物料和有毒物料的密闭输送。其主要缺点是结构复杂、输送带的磨损增大和能耗较大。
(7)钢绳牵引带式输送机  
它是无际绳运输与带式运输相结合的产物,既具有钢绳的高强度、牵引灵活的特点,又具有带式运输的连续、柔性的优点。
1.4 带式输送机的发展状况
目前带式输送机已广泛应用于国民经经济各个部门,近年来在露天矿和地下矿的联合运输系统中带式输送机又成为重要的组成部分。主要有:钢绳芯带式输送机、钢绳牵引胶带输送机和排弃场的连续输送设施等。
这些输送机的特点是输送能力大(可达30000t/h),适用范围广(可运送矿石,煤炭,岩石和各种粉状物料,特定条件下也可以运人),安全可靠,自动化程度高,设备维护检修容易,爬坡能力大(可达16°),经营费用低,由于缩短运输距离可节省基建投资。
目前,带式输送机的发展趋势是:大运输能力、大带宽、大倾角、增加单机长度和水平转弯,合理使用胶带张力,降低物料输送能耗,清理胶带的最佳方法等。我国已于1978年完成了钢绳芯带式输送机的定型设计。钢绳芯带式输送机的适用范围:
(1)适用于环境温度一般为(°C°C);在寒冷地区驱动站应有采暖设施;
(2)可做水平运输,倾斜向上(16°)和向下(10°12°)运输,也可以转弯运输;运输距离长,单机输送可达15km;
(3)可露天铺设,运输线可设防护罩或设通廊;
(4)输送带伸长率为普通带的1/5左右;其使用寿命比普通胶带长;其成槽性好;运输距离大。
提高传动装置的牵引力可以从以下三个方面考虑:
(1)增大拉紧力。增加初张力可使输送带在传动滚筒分离点的张力增加,此法提高牵引力虽然是可行的。但因增大必须相应地增大输送带断面,这样导致传动装置的结构尺寸加大,是不经济的。故设计时不宜采用。但在运转中由于运输带伸长,张力减小,造成牵引力下降,可以利用拉紧装置适当地增大初张力,从而增大,以提高牵引力。
(2)增加围包角对需要牵引力较大的场合,可采用双滚筒传动,以增大围包角。
(3)增大摩擦系数其具体措施可在传动滚筒上覆盖摩擦系数较大的衬垫,以增大摩擦系数。
通过对上述传动原理的阐述可以看出,增大围包角是增大牵


内容简介:
徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文)任务书 机电工程 学院 机械设计制造及其自动化 专业设计(论文)题目 皮带机液压拉紧装置的设计与计算 学 生 姓 名 陈娟 班 级 04机本(4) 起 止 日 期 2008.2.25-2008.6.2 指 导 教 师 杨根喜 教研室主任 李志 发任务书日期 2008年 2月 25 日1.毕业设计的背景: 带式输送机特别是上运机是当代最为得力的输送设备之一,随着国民经济的不断发展,多种类型的工件传送机广泛的运用于冶金、矿山、水泥、码头、化工、粮食等行业的各种场合。同时在各种场合对不同的工况所使用的工件传输机也不尽相同。拉紧装置是煤矿井下用带式输送机不可缺少的重要组成部分。拉紧装置主要有螺旋拉紧,重力式拉紧,钢丝绳绞车式拉紧和液压拉紧。其中液压拉紧装置能克服其他拉紧装置方式的不足之处,它可以直接关系到带式输送机的安全运行及使用寿命。以往煤矿井下带式输送机一般均采用绞车拉紧或重锤拉紧,然而近年来,人们已发现上述两种拉紧装置对带式输送机正常运行均会产生一些技术和经济方面问题。所以本设计采用液压拉紧装置实现对整个设备的优化。2.毕业设计(论文)的内容和要求: 内容:1. 皮带机液压拉紧系统原理2. 皮带机传动系统的运动,力学分析3. 皮带机液压拉紧系统设计与计算4. 液压拉紧装置的关键零部件的结构设计与计算要求:1. 说明书要求:内容详实,系统性强,具有较高的综合运用知识的能力。2. 图纸要求:尺寸准确,结构合理,技术要求全面。3.主要参考文献: 1 中国矿业大学.矿山运输机械. 中国矿业大学出版社,2003.12 龚湘义. 机械设计课程设计指导书. 第二版.高等教育出版社, 2004.43 路甬祥. 液压气动技术手册. 机械工业出版社, 2002.14 邱宣怀.机械设计.第四版. 高等教育出版社, 2003.45 张利平. 液压传动系统及设计.化学工业出版社, 2005.86 张钺.新式带式输送机设计手册 .冶金工业出版社,2001. 27 许福玲. 陈尧明. 液压与气压传动. 机械工业出版社. 2006.58 液压技术手册.辽宁科技出版社. 2004.59 张利平.液压气动技术实用问答. 化学工业出版社.2007.94.毕业设计(论文)进度计划(以周为单位):起 止 日 期工 作 内 容备 注第一周第二周第三周第四周第五周第六周第七周第八周第九周第十周第十一周第十二周第十三周第十四周第十五周第十六周调研,查资料上运机传动系统的方案设计上运机传动系统的运动,力学分析拉紧装置液压系统设计拉紧装置液压系统参数计算液压拉紧装置的关键零部件的计算液压拉紧装置的关键零部件的结构设计辅助零部件的设计与计算绘图绘图,写说明书答辩教研室审查意见: 室主任 年 月 日学院审查意见: 教学院长 年 月 日徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文)开题报告课 题 名 称:皮带机液压拉紧装置的设计与计算 学 生 姓 名: 陈娟 学号: 06 指 导 教 师: 杨根喜 职称:高级工程师 所 在 学 院: 机电工程学院 专 业 名 称: 机械设计制造及其自动化 徐州工程学院 2008年 6 月 2 日说 明1根据徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文)管理规定,学生必须撰写毕业设计(论文)开题报告,由指导教师签署意见、教研室审查,学院教学院长批准后实施。2开题报告是毕业设计(论文)答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。学生应当在毕业设计(论文)工作前期内完成,开题报告不合格者不得参加答辩。3毕业设计开题报告各项内容要实事求是,逐条认真填写。其中的文字表达要明确、严谨,语言通顺,外来语要同时用原文和中文表达。第一次出现缩写词,须注出全称。4本报告中,由学生本人撰写的对课题和研究工作的分析及描述,没有经过整理归纳,缺乏个人见解仅仅从网上下载材料拼凑而成的开题报告按不合格论。5. 课题类型填:工程设计类;理论研究类;应用(实验)研究类;软件设计类;其它。6、课题来源填:教师科研;社会生产实践;教学;其它课题名称皮带机液压拉紧装置的设计与计算课题来源企业现场课题类型工程设计选题的背景及意义带式输送机特别是上运机是当代最为得力的输送设备之一,随着国民经济的不断发展,多种类型的工件传送机广泛的运用于冶金、矿山、水泥、码头、化工、粮食等行业的各种场合。同时在各种场合对不同的工况所使用的工件传输机也不尽相同。拉紧装置是煤矿井下用带式输送机不可缺少的重要组成部分。拉紧装置主要有螺旋拉紧,重力式拉紧,钢丝绳绞车式拉紧和液压拉紧。其中液压拉紧装置能克服其他拉紧装置方式的不足之处,它可以直接关系到带式输送机的安全运行及使用寿命。以往煤矿井下带式输送机一般均采用绞车拉紧或重锤拉紧,然而近年来,人们已发现上述两种拉紧装置对带式输送机正常运行均会产生一些技术和经济方面问题。所以本设计采用液压拉紧装置实现对整个设备的优化。研究内容拟解决的主要问题(1) 带式输送机在启动时,其下分支胶带会突然松弛伸长,此时拉紧装置能及时张紧胶带以补偿胶带的伸长量,避免胶带在传动滚筒上打滑。(2) 煤矿井下环境恶劣,使得胶带与传动滚筒之间的摩擦系数变化相差很大,加之输送机的载荷变化也较大,所以要求拉紧装置反应灵敏、响应及时,工作可靠性较高且能方便地调整拉紧力。研究方法技术路线皮带机液压拉紧系统原理皮带机传动系统的运动及力学计算皮带机液压拉紧系统设计与计算液压拉紧装置的关键零部件的结构设计与计算研究的总体安排和进度计划第一周第二周: 调研,查资料第三周: 上运机传动系统的方案设计第四周:上运机传动系统的运动,力学分析第五周: 拉紧装置液压系统设计第六周: 拉紧装置液压系统参数计算第七周第八周: 液压拉紧装置的关键零部件的计算第九周第十周: 液压拉紧装置的关键零部件的结构设计第十一周第十二周:辅助零部件的设计与计算第十三周第十五周: 绘图,写说明书第十六周: 答辩主要参考文献1 中国矿业大学.矿山运输机械. 中国矿业大学出版社,2003.12 龚湘义. 机械设计课程设计指导书. 第二版.高等教育出版社, 2004.43 路甬祥. 液压气动技术手册. 机械工业出版社, 2002.14 邱宣怀.机械设计.第四版. 高等教育出版社, 2003.45 张利平. 液压传动系统及设计.化学工业出版社, 2005.86 张钺.新式带式输送机设计手册 .冶金工业出版社,2001. 27 许福玲. 陈尧明. 液压与气压传动. 机械工业出版社. 2006.58 液压技术手册.辽宁科技出版社. 2004.59 张利平.液压气动技术实用问答. 化学工业出版社.2007.9指导教师意 见 指导教师签名: 年 月 日 教研室意见学院意见教研室主任签名:年 月 日 教学院长签名: 年 月 日徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文 )I摘要摘要皮带机是一种运送物料的运输机械,它广泛地被用于矿山,码头,工厂等各种场合,但是不同的场合对皮带机的结构的要求是不同的,本设计是以矿山运输为背景,对皮带机的结构进行了设计和计算,本设计先对皮带机传动系统的运动进行了力学分析。对皮带机的保养与维护进行了详细的说明,在拉紧装置的设计中,为了对设备进行优化,弥补其他拉紧装置带来的不足,本设计采用液压拉紧装置对系统进行了拉紧,同时对其他辅助原件也做了必要的计算和选择。关键词关键词 皮带机;输送带;液压拉紧徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文 )IIAbstractBelt- machine is a kind of machine which is used to transport the goods ,it is widely used in the place of mine,dock,factory and so on ,but they request different structures in different places. This article is on the ground of mine .and it briefly devises and computes the structure of Belt- machine .first,this article analyses the driving system of Belt- machine .and then gives the brief maintenance and maintain of how to employ the belt-machine .in the design of tense equipment , in order to better the equipment and make up the deficiency of other equipments .here we chose the hydraulic system , and the same time ,this article also gives the compute and chose of others assistant elements.Keywords belt-machine conveyer belt hydraulic tension system徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文 )1目目 录录1 1 绪论绪论.11.1 背景介绍.11.2 带式输送机的分类.11.3 各种带式输送机的特点.11.4 带式输送机的发展状况.21.5 带式输送机的结构和布置形式.31.5.1 带式输送机的结构.31.5.2 布置方式.41.6 带式输送机拉紧装置的设计要求.41.6.1 设计方案.41.6.2 主要技术特点.51.6.3 应用效果.52 皮带机的设计与计算皮带机的设计与计算.62.1 胶带运动阻力的计算.62.2 胶带张力的计算.72.3 牵引力及功率的计算.92.4 皮带机常见故障的原因及处理方法.92.4.1.皮带运输机皮带跑偏的处理.92.5 皮带机的安全使用及保养.102.5.1 皮带机的安全使用.102.5.2 皮带机的保养.113 液压拉紧装置的设计和计算液压拉紧装置的设计和计算.123.1 拉紧装置的类型.123.2 液压拉紧装置的特点.123.3 液压拉紧装置的设计计算.133.3.1 系统的工作原理.133.3.2 参数设定及工况分析.143.3.3 液压回路设计和工作过程分析.143.3.4 各元件的确定.153.3.5 液压油的确定.163.3.6 液压泵的选择和计算.183.3.7 电动机的确定.183.3.8 各种阀类的选择.193.3.9 管路的确定.193.3.10 液压系统中的压力损失验算.203.4 系统基本回路.233.5 主要部件的设计计算及强度校核.253.5.1 油缸后支座的设计及强度校核.253.5.2 液压缸活塞上的耳环的设计及强度计算.263.5.3 销轴类的强度校核及结构设计.27徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文 )23.5.4 联轴器键的校核.273.5.5 焊缝的强度校核.273.6 液压缸低速爬行的现象的原因及分析.283.6.1 液压缸低速爬行的现象.283.6.2 液压缸爬行现象的分析.283.6.3 液压缸爬行现象的解决办法.293.7 管接头处泄漏的预防.293.8 管路预安装.303.8.1 管路简介.303.8.2 管路布置要求.303.8.3 确定管子长度.303.8.4 管子切断.313.8.5 管子弯曲.313.8.6 管子与接头焊接.313.8.7 管路安装.31结论结论.32致谢致谢.33参考文献参考文献.34附录附录.35附录 1.35附录 2.44徐州工程学院毕业设计(论文)附录附录1Numerical control technology and equiping development trend and countermeasureEquip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight,etc. national defense industry industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced , and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor . Manufacturing technology and equiping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and competitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop ones own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of high-grade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control and equiping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already become every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more cost-effective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the so-called digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields:(1)Mechanical manufacturing technology;(2)Information processing , processing , transmission technology;(3)Automatic control technology;(4)Servo drive technology;(5)Technology of the sensor ;(6)Software engineering ,etc. Development trend of a numerical control technology The application of numerical control technology has not only brought the revolutionary change to manufacturing industry of the tradition, make the manufacturing industry become the industrialized symbol , and with the constant development of numerical control technology and enlargement of the application, the development of some important trades (IT , automobile , light industry , medical treatment ,etc. ) to the national economy and the peoples livelihood of his plays a more and more important role, because the digitization that these trades needed to equip has already been the main trend of modern development. Numerical control technology in the world at present and equiping the development trend to see, there is the following several respect 1- 4 in its main research focus. 1.A high-speed , high finish machining technology and new trend equipped The efficiency, quality are subjavanufacturing technology. High-speed, high finish machining technology can raise the efficiency greatly , improve the quality and grade of the products, shorten production cycle and improve the market competitive power. Japan carries the technological research association first to classify it as one of the 5 great modern manufacturing technologies for this, learn (CIRP ) to confirm it as the centre in the 21st century and study one of the directions in international production engineering. In the field of car industry, produce one second when beat such as production of 300,000 / vehicle per year, and many variety process it is car that equip key problem that must be solved one of; In the fields of aviation and aerospace industry, spare parts of its processing are mostly the thin wall and thin muscle, rigidity is very bad, the material is aluminium or aluminium alloy, only in a situation that cut the speed and cut strength very small high, could process these muscles , walls . Adopt large-scale whole aluminium alloy method that blank pay empty make the wing recently, such large-scale parts as the fuselage ,etc. come to substitute a lot of parts to assemble through numerous rivet , screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the component improved. All these, to processing and equiping the demand which has proposed high-speed, high precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2001 exhibition situation, high-speed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport competent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the high-speed machining center makes up. HyperMach lathe of U.S.A. CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed, it is 100m/min to be fast, the acceleration reaches 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h; The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 12* separately1000r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5m up to from 10m already, accurate grades of machining center from 3- 5m, rise to 1-1.5m, and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (0.01m). In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . In order to realize high-speed, high finish machining, if the part of function related to it is electric main shaft, straight line electrical machinery get fast development, the application is expanded further. 1.2 Link and process and compound to process the fast development of the lathe in 5 axes Adopt 5 axles to link the processing of the three-dimensional curved surface part, can cut with the best geometry form of the cutter , not only highly polished, but also efficiency improves by a large margin . It is generally acknowledged, the efficiency of an 5 axle gear beds can equal 23 axle gear beds , is it wait for to use the cubic nitrogen boron the milling cutter of ultra hard material is milled and pared at a high speed while quenching the hard steel part, 5 axles link and process 3 constant axles to link and process and give play to higher benefit. Because such reasons as complicated that 5 axles link the numerical control system , host computer structure that but go over, it is several times higher that its price links the numerical control lathe than 3 axles , in addition the technological degree of difficulty of programming is relatively great, have restricted the development of 5 axle gear beds. At present because of electric appearance of main shaft, is it realize 5 axle complex main shaft hair structure processed to link greatly simplify to make, it makes degree of difficulty and reducing by a large margin of the cost, the price disparity of the numerical control system shrinks. So promoted 5 axle gear beds of head of complex main shaft and compound to process the development of the lathe (process the lathe including 5). At EMO2001 exhibition, new Japanese 5 of worker machine process lathe adopt complex main shaft hair, can realize the processing of 4 vertical planes and processing of the wanton angle , make 5 times process and 5 axles are processed and can be realized on the same lathe, can also realize the inclined plane and pour the processing of the hole of awls . Germany DMG Company exhibits the DMUVoution series machining center, but put and insert and put processing and 5 axles 5 times to link and process in once, can be controlled by CNC system or CAD/CAM is controlled directly or indirectly. 1.3 Become the main trend of systematic development of contemporary numerical control intelligently, openly , networkedlily The numerical control equipment in the 21st century will be sure the intelligent system, the intelligent content includes all respects in the numerical control system: It is intelligent in order to pursue the efficiency of processing and process quality, control such as the self-adaptation of the processing course, the craft parameter is produced automatically; Join the convenient one in order to improve the performance of urging and use intelligently, if feedforward control , adaptive operation , electrical machinery of parameter , discern load select models , since exactly makes etc. automatically automatically; The ones that simplified programming , simplified operating aspect are intelligent, for instance intelligent automatic programming , intelligent man-machine interface ,etc.; There are content of intelligence diagnose , intelligent monitoring , diagnosis convenient to be systematic and maintaining ,etc. Produce the existing problem for the industrialization of solving the traditional numerical control system sealing and numerical control application software. A lot of countries carry on research to the open numerical control system at present, such as NGC of U.S.A. (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), OSACA of European Community (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller ) of Japan, ONC (Open Numerical Control System ) of China ,etc. The numerical control system melts to become the future way of the numerical control system open. The so-called open numerical control system is the development of the numerical control system can be on unified operation platform, face the lathe producer and end user, through changing, increasing or cutting out the structure target(numerical control function), form the seriation, and can use users specially conveniently and the technical know-how is integrated in the control system, realize the open numerical control system of different variety , different grade fast, form leading brand products with distinct distinction. System structure norm of the open numerical control system at present, communication norm , disposing norm , operation platform , numerical control systematic function storehouse and numerical control systematic function software developing ument ,etc. are the core of present research. The networked numerical control equipment is a new light spot of the fair of the internationally famous lathe in the past two years. Meeting production line , manufacture system , demand for the information integration of manufacturing company networkedly greatly of numerical control equipment, realize new manufacture mode such as quick make , fictitious enterprise , basic Entrance that the whole world make too. Some domestic and international famous numerical control lathes and systematic manufacturing companies of numerical control have all introduced relevant new concepts and protos of a machine in the past two years, if in EMO2001 exhibition, CyberProduction Center that the company exhibits of mountain rugged campstool gram in Japan (Mazak ) (intellectual central production control unit, abbreviated as CPC); The lathe company of Japanese big Wei (Okuma ) exhibits IT plaza (the information technology square , is abbreviated as IT square ); Open Manufacturing Environment that the company exhibits of German Siemens (Siemens ) (open the manufacturing environment, abbreviated as OME),etc., have reflected numerical control machine tooling to the development trend of networked direction. 1.4 Pay attention to the new technical standard, normal setting-up1.4.1 Design the norm of developing about the numerical control system As noted previously, there are better commonability , flexibility , adaptability , expanding in the open numerical control system, such countries as U.S.A. , European Community and Japan ,etc. implement the strategic development plan one after another , carry on the research and formulation of the systematic norm (OMAC , OSACA , OSEC ) of numerical control of the open system structure, 3 biggest economies in the world have carried on the formulation that nearly the same science planned and standardized in a short time, have indicated a new arrival of period of change of numerical control technology. Our country started the research and formulation of standardizing the frame of ONC numerical control system of China too in 2000. 1.4.2 About the numerical control standard The numerical control standard is a kind of trend of information-based development of manufacturing industry. Information exchange among 50 years after numerical control technology was born was all because of ISO6983 standard, namely adopt G, M code describes how processes, its essential characteristic faces the processing course, obviously, he cant meet high-speed development of modern numerical control technologys needs more and more already. For this reason, studying and making a kind of new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC) in the world, its purpose is to offer a kind of neutral mechanism not depending on the concrete system, can describe the unified data model in cycle of whole life of the products , thus realize the whole manufacture process, standardization of and even each industrial field product information. The appearance of STEP-NC may be a revolution of the technological field of the numerical control, on the development and even the whole manufacturing industry of numerical control technology, will exert a far-reaching influence. First of all, STEP-NC puts forward a kind of brand-new manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, NC processes the procedures to all concentrate on individual computer. Under the new standard, NC procedure can be dispersed on Internet, this is exactly a direction of open, networked development of numerical control technology. Secondly, STEP-NC numerical control system can also reduce and process the drawing (about 75% ) , process the procedure to work out the time (about 35% ) and process the time (about 50% ) greatly . At present, American-European countries pay much attention to the research of STEP-NC, Europe initiates IMS plan (1999.1.1- 2001.12.3) of STEP-NC. 20 CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC users, manufacturers and academic organizations from Europe and Japan participated in this plan. STEP Tools Company of U.S.A.is a developer of the data interchange software of manufacturing industry in the global range, he has already developed the super model (Super Model ) which accuses of information exchange of machine tooling by counting, its goal is to describe all processing courses with the unified norm. Such new data interchange form has already been verified in allocating the SIEMEN , FIDIA and European OSACA-NC numerical control at present. 2 pairs of basic estimations of technology and industry development of numerical control of our country The technology of numerical control of our country started in 1958, the development course in the past 50 years can roughly be divided into 3 stages: The first stage is from 1958 to 1979, namely closed developing stage. In this stages, because technology of foreign countries blockade and basic restriction of terms of our country, the development of numerical control technology is comparatively slow. During Sixth Five-Year Plan Period , the Seventh Five-Year Plan Period of the country in second stage and earlier stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period , namely introduce technology, digest and assimilate, the stage of establishing the system of production domesticization arisesing tentatively. At this stage , because of reform and opening-up and national attention , and study the improvement of the development environment and international environment, research,development and all making considerable progress in production domesticization of the products of the technology of numerical control of our country. The third stage is and during the Ninth Five-Year Plan Period on the later stage in the Eighth Five-Year Plan Period of the country, namely implement the research of industrialization, enter market competition stage. At this stage, made substantive progress in industrialization of the domestic numerical control equipment of our country. In latter stage for the Ninth Five-Year Plan , the domestic occupation rate of market of the domestic numerical control lathe is up to 50%, it is up to 10% too to mix the domestic numerical control system (popular ). Make a general survey of the development course in the past 50 years of technology of numerical control of our country, especially through tackling key problems of 4 Five-Year Plans, all in all has made following achievements. a.Have establish the foundation of the technical development of numerical control, has mastered modern numerical control technology basically. Our country has already, the numerical control host computer , basic technology of special plane and fittings grasped and driven from the numerical control system and servoly basically now, among them most technology have already possessed and commercialized the foundation developed , some technology has already, industrialization commercialized. b.Have formed the industrial base of numerical control tentatively. In tackling key problems the foundation that the achievement and some technology commercialize, set up the systematic factories of numerical control with production capacity in batches such as numerical control in Central China , numerical control of the spaceflight etc. Electrical machinery plant of Lanzhou, such factory and the first machine tool plant of Beijing , the first machine tool plant of Jinan ,etc. several numerical control host computer factories of a batch of servo systems and servo electrical machineries as the numerical control in Central China,etc. These factories have formed the numerical control industrial base of our country basically. c.Have set up a numerical control research, development , managerial talents basic team . Though has made considerable progress in research and development and industrialization of numerical control technology, but we will realize soberly, the research and development of the technology of advanced numerical control of our country, especially there is greater disparity in current situation and current demand of our country of engineering level in industrialization. Though very fast from watching the development of our country vertically, have disparity horizontally more than (compare foreign countries with ) not merely engineering level, there is disparity too in development speed in some aspects, namely the engineering level disparity between some high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control equipment has the tendency to expand . Watch from world, estimate roughly as follows about the engineering level of numerical control of our country and industrialization level. a.On the engineering level, in probably backward 10-1 years with the advanced level in foreign countries, it is bigger in high-quality precision and sophisticated technology. b.On the industrialization level, the occupation rate of market is low, the variety coverage rate is little, have not formed the large-scale production yet; The specialized level of production of function part and ability of forming a complete set are relatively low; Appearance quality is relatively poor; Dependability is not high, the commercialized degree is insufficient; Ones own brand effect that the domestic numerical control system has not been set up yet, users have insufficient confidence. c.On the ability of sustainable development, research and development of numerical control technology , project ability are relatively weak to the competition; It is not strong that the technological application of numerical control expands dynamics; Research , formulation that relevant standards are normal lag behind. It is analysed that the main reason for having above-mentioned disparity has the following several respect. a.Realize the respect. Know to industrys process arduousness , complexity and long-term characteristic of domestic numerical control insufficiently; It is difficult to underestimate to add strangling , system ,etc. to the unstandard , foreign blockade of the market; It is not enough to analyse to the technological application level and ability of numerical control of our country. b.System. Pay close attention to numerical control industrialization many in the issue , consider numerical control industrialization little in the issue synthetically in terms of the systematic one , industry chain in terms of technology; Have not set up related system , perfect training , service network of intact high quality ,etc. and supported the system. c.Mechanism. It causes the brain drain, restraining technology and technological route from innovating again , products innovation that the bad machine is made, and has restricted the effective implementation of planning , has often planned the ideal , implement the difficulty. d.Technology. The autonomous innovation in technology of enterprises is indifferent, the project of key technology is indifferent. The standard of the lathe lags behind, the level is relatively low, it is not enough for new standard of the numerical control system to study. 3 pairs of strategic thinking of technology and industrialized development of numerical control of our country 3.1 Strategic consideration Our country make big country, industry is it is it accept front instead of transformation of back end to try ones best to want in shifting in world, namely should master and make key technology advancedly, otherwise in a new round of international industrial structure adjustment, the manufacturing industry of our country will step forward and leave the core spaces . We regard resource , environment , market as the cost, it is only an international machining center in the new economic pattern of the world to exchange the possibility got and assemble the centre , but not master the position of the manufacturing center of key technology , will so influence the development process of the modern manufacturing industry of our country seriously. We should stand in the height of national security strategy paying attention to numerical control technology and industrys question , at first seen from social safety, because manufacturing industry whether our country obtain employment most populous trade, the development of manufacturing industry not only can improve the peoples living standard but also can alleviate the pressure of employment of our country , ensure the stability of the society; Secondly seen from national defence security, the western developed country has classified all the high-grade , precision and advanced numerical control products as the strategic materials of the country, realizing the embargo and restriction to our country, Toshiba incident and Cox Report is the best illustration. 3.2 Development tactics Proceed from the angles of the fundamental realities of the country of our country, regard the strategic demand of the country and market demand of national economy as the direction, regard improving our country and making the comprehensive competitive power of equiping industry and industrialization level as the goal, use the systematic method , be able to choose to make key technology upgraded in development of equiping industry and support technology supporting the development of industrialization in our country in initial stage of 21st century in leading factor, the ability to supply the necessary technology realizes making the jump development of the equiping industry as the content of research and development. Emphasize market demand is a direction, namely take terminal products of numerical control as the core, with the complete machine (Such as the numerical control lathe having a large capacity and a wide range, milling machine, high speed high precise high-performance numerical control lathe, digitized machinery of model , key industry key equipment ,etc.) drive the development of the numerical control industry. Solve the numerical control system and relevant functions part especially The dependability that (digitized servo system and electrical machinery, high speed electric main shaft system and new-enclosure that equip ,etc. ) and production scale question. There are no products that scale will not have high dependability; Will not have cheap and products rich in the competitiveness without scale ; Certainly, it is difficult to have day holding up ones head finally that there is no scale Chinese numerical control equipment. In equiping researching and developing high-grade , precision and advancedly , should emphasize the production, learning and research and close combination of the end user, regard drawing, using, selling as the goal, tackle key problems according to the national will, in order to solve the needing badly of the country. Numerical control technology, emphasized innovation, put emphasis on researching and developing the technology and products with independent intellectual property right before the competition, establish the foundation for the industry of numerical control of our country, sustainable development of equipment manufacture and even the whole manufacturing industry. 附录2数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度,数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业(如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业)的使能技术和最基本的装备。马克思曾经说过“各种经济时代的区别,不在于生产什么,而在于怎样生产,用什么劳动资料生产”。制造技术和装备就是人类生产活动的最基本的生产资料,而数控技术又是当今先进制造技术和装备最核心的技术。当今世界各国制造业广泛采用数控技术,以提高制造能力和水平,提高对动态多变市场的适应能力和竞争能力。此外世界上各工业发达国家还将数控技术及数控装备列为国家的战略物资,不仅采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业,而且在“高精尖”数控关键技术和装备方面对我国实行封锁和限制政策。总之,大力发展以数控技术为核心的先进制造技术已成为世界各发达国家加速经济发展、提高综合国力和国家地位的重要途径。数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术,数控装备是以数控技术为代表的新技术对传统制造产业和新兴制造业的渗透形成的机电一体化产品,即所谓的数字化装备,其技术范围覆盖很多领域:(1)机械制造技术;(2)信息处理、加工、传输技术;(3)自动控制技术;(4)伺服驱动技术;(5)传感器技术;(6)软件技术等。1 数控技术的发展趋势数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化,使制造业成为工业化的象征,而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大,他对国计民生的一些重要行业(IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等)的发展起着越来越重要的作用,因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看,其主要研究热点有以下几个方面14。1.1 高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率,提高产品的质量和档次,缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一,国际生产工程学会(CIRP)将其确定为21世纪的中心研究方向之一。在轿车工业领域,年产30万辆的生产节拍是40秒/辆,而且多品种加工是轿车装备必须解决的重点问题之一;在航空和宇航工业领域,其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋,刚度很差,材料为铝或铝合金,只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下,才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装,使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。从EMO2001展会情况来看,高速加工中心进给速度可达80m/min,甚至更高,空运行速度可达100m/min左右。目前世界上许多汽车厂,包括我国的上海通用汽车公司,已经采用以高速加工中心组成的生产线部分替代组合机床。美国CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach机床进给速度最大达60m/min,快速为100m/min,加速度达2g,主轴转速已达60 000r/min。加工一薄壁飞机零件,只用30min,而同样的零件在一般高速铣床加工需3h,在普通铣床加工需8h;德国DMG公司的双主轴车床的主轴速度及加速度分别达121000r/mm和1g。在加工精度方面,近10年来,普通级数控机床的加工精度已由10m提高到5m,精密级加工中心则从35m,提高到11.5m,并且超精密加工精度已开始进入纳米级(0.01m)。在可靠性方面,国外数控装置的MTBF值已达6000h以上,伺服系统的MTBF值达到30000h以上,表现出非常高的可靠性。为了实现高速、高精加工,与之配套的功能部件如电主轴、直线电机得到了快速的发展,应用领域进一步扩大。1.2 轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工,可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削,不仅光洁度高,而且效率也大幅度提高。一般认为,1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动机床,特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高速铣削淬硬钢零件时,5轴联动加工可比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。但过去因5轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因,其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍,加之编程技术难度较大,制约了5轴联动机床的发展。当前由于电主轴的出现,使得实现5轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化,其制造难度和成本大幅度降低,数控系统的价格差距缩小。因此促进了复合主轴头类型5轴联动机床和复合加工机床(含5面加工机床)的发展。在EMO2001展会上,新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头,可实现4个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工,使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现,还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。德国DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心,可在一次装夹下5面加工和5轴联动加工,可由CNC系统控制或CAD/CAM直接或间接控制。1.3 智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统,智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面:为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化,如加工过程的自适应控制,工艺参数自动生成;为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化,如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等;简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化,如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等;还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究,如美国的NGC(The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control)、欧共体的OSACA(Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems)、日本的OSE
温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
提示  人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享,仅供网友学习交流,未经上传用户书面授权,请勿作他用。
关于本文
本文标题:皮带机液压拉紧装置的设计【4张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】
链接地址:https://www.renrendoc.com/p-363520.html

官方联系方式

2:不支持迅雷下载,请使用浏览器下载   
3:不支持QQ浏览器下载,请用其他浏览器   
4:下载后的文档和图纸-无水印   
5:文档经过压缩,下载后原文更清晰   
关于我们 - 网站声明 - 网站地图 - 资源地图 - 友情链接 - 网站客服 - 联系我们

网站客服QQ:2881952447     

copyright@ 2020-2025  renrendoc.com 人人文库版权所有   联系电话:400-852-1180

备案号:蜀ICP备2022000484号-2       经营许可证: 川B2-20220663       公网安备川公网安备: 51019002004831号

本站为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知人人文库网,我们立即给予删除!