双齿辊破碎机的设计【14张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

双齿辊破碎机的设计【14张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】

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【温馨提示】 购买原稿文件请充值后自助下载。全部文件 那张截图中的文件为本资料所有内容,下载后即可获得。预览截图请勿抄袭,原稿文件完整清晰,无水印,可编辑。有疑问可以咨询QQ:414951605或1304139763摘     要我国目前原煤的破碎一般采用锤式破碎机或齿辊式破碎机。锤式破碎机是以高速运动的锤头打击物料,在破碎腔内受到相互破碎冲击和剪切,可控性很差,容易产生过粉碎,而且对入料度有限制,不适合煤炭的粗、中碎作业。而齿辊式破碎机是在齿的作用下对物料进行劈碎,破碎后的物料直接排出,因此破碎粒度比较均匀。目前的双齿辊破碎机由于整体结构的不合理和破碎齿磨损快不能修复等原因,使用效果大大降低甚至很差。2PGC450×500新型双齿辊破碎机是在吸取国内外先进技术的基础上研制和设计出来的高强力破碎机,很有发展前景和市场前景。关键词:  双齿辊破碎机,破碎机,产品粒度AbstractMy current coal was broken generally using hammer-Breakers or teeth roller-Breakers. Hammer-Breakers is the dead against high velocity materials in the shattered debris impact and sheared by mutual broken, controllability poor had to smash easily, but there are restrictions on the Liaodu not suitable for coal rough, Chinese broken operations. And teeth roller-Breakers teeth in the role of materials returned broken, the broken material directly emit, broken granularity more evenly. The current two-tooth roller Breakers and the overall structure of the irrational can not repair broken teeth wear faster reasons, the use of significantly reduced or even poor. 2PGC-450 x 500-double teeth roller Breakers in lessons and on the basis of advanced technology and designed to develop high-strong Breakers, a development prospects and market prospects.Keyword:Double toothed roll crusher,Roll crusher,Product grain size目录摘要   Abstract   第一章 绪论 1   1.1 项目的研究意义 1   1.2 国内外的科技现状 1   1.3 设计特点 2   1.4 设计产品的用途和应用领域 2   1.5 设计方案 2     1.5.1 设计目标、研究内容和拟定解决的关键问题 2     1.5.2 设计方案 3     1.5.3 题目的可行性分析 4     1.5.4 本项目的创新之处 5第二章 破碎机的结构设计 62.1 结构的选择与比较 62.2 破碎机参数的初步确定 82.3 原动机的确定112.4 传动机构的选择与比较11第三章 破碎机的总体设计143.1 带传动设计143.2 齿轮传动设计183.3 齿轮强度校核243.4 轴、轴承及键的设计343.5 破碎机的总体结构设计41第四章 项目的技术经济分析444.1 2006年的经济预测444.2 可能影响经济运行质量的问题444.3 绿色设计45第五章 专题论文破碎粉磨机械的现状及发展47专题正文48结论 58致谢 59参考文献 60附录1翻译原文 62      英文翻译 68第一章 绪   论1.1项目的研究意义随着国家经济建设的快速发展,将对矿藏资源需求量更高、更好,国家有限的资源量将无法满足更多的需求,双齿辊式破碎机不仅要具有高效性、环保性,更要具有复合性。通常使用的破碎机在工作时只能粗略的对矿石进行破碎,很多还需要二次破碎,仍无法满足生产生活需要,为此就不得不改变物料的破碎方式,物料的破碎效率,物料破碎的安全性环保性等多方面问题,为解决此问题在老师的指导下我设计这台双齿辊式破碎机,它可以有效的解决上述问题。我相信这台破碎机能有效的节省和利用资源,对于提高生产、率环境保护和降低成本将会起到决定性作用,它一定会有很广阔的市场前景!1.2  国内外现状辊式破碎机出现于1806年,它是一种较为古老的破碎设备。但是,由于它的结构简单、紧凑轻便、易于制造、工作可靠,特别是它的产品过粉碎少,因此,至今仍在选煤、冶金烧结、水泥、玻璃、陶瓷等工业部门,以及小型选矿厂中使用,而且有新的改进与发展。辊式破碎机被广泛用于破碎软质和中等硬度的物料,对破碎湿料和黏性物料和坚硬物料,使用范围受到了限制。近年来,国外辊式破碎机发展的得很快,种类也很齐全。按辊子的数目,辊式破碎几可以分为单辊、双辊、三辊、和四辊四种;按辊面形状,可以分为光辊、齿辊、槽辊破碎机,辊式破碎机等等就其结构而言,大多采用自动移动辊机结构,液压调整,油液控制系统等新技术、新结构。但各制造厂所采用的结构形式和控制系统各有不同,独具特色。如美国Pettibone公司生产的双辊破碎机,应用橡胶轮胎传动,液压调整机构,采用自动定位滚子轴承,运转平稳,使用寿命较长。还有美国Portec公司生产的三辊破碎机,由一个固定辊和两个移动辊组成。移动辊由弹簧保持压力及固定工作位置。固定辊由齿轮驱动,移动辊由橡胶轮胎传动,可进行单向给料破碎和双向给料破碎。三辊破碎机由单辊破碎机和双辊破碎机组合而成。而四辊破碎机由两个双辊破碎机组合而成,这种破碎机能完成粗碎和终碎两道工序,破碎效率很高。辊式破碎机的规格用辊子直径D和长度L表示,例如辊子直径为1200mm,辊子长度为为1000mm的辊式破碎机表示为:1200mm×1000mm辊式破碎机。
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摘     要
我国目前原煤的破碎一般采用锤式破碎机或齿辊式破碎机。锤式破碎机是以高速运动的锤头打击物料,在破碎腔内受到相互破碎冲击和剪切,可控性很差,容易产生过粉碎,而且对入料度有限制,不适合煤炭的粗、中碎作业。而齿辊式破碎机是在齿的作用下对物料进行劈碎,破碎后的物料直接排出,因此破碎粒度比较均匀。目前的双齿辊破碎机由于整体结构的不合理和破碎齿磨损快不能修复等原因,使用效果大大降低甚至很差。2PGC—450×500新型双齿辊破碎机是在吸取国内外先进技术的基础上研制和设计出来的高强力破碎机,很有发展前景和市场前景。

关键词:  双齿辊破碎机,破碎机,产品粒度

Abstract
My current coal was broken generally using hammer-Breakers or teeth roller-Breakers. Hammer-Breakers is the dead against high velocity materials in the shattered debris impact and sheared by mutual broken, controllability poor had to smash easily, but there are restrictions on the Liaodu not suitable for coal rough, Chinese broken operations. And teeth roller-Breakers teeth in the role of materials returned broken, the broken material directly emit, broken granularity more evenly. The current two-tooth roller Breakers and the overall structure of the irrational can not repair broken teeth wear faster reasons, the use of significantly reduced or even poor. 2PGC-450 x 500-double teeth roller Breakers in lessons and on the basis of advanced technology and designed to develop high-strong Breakers, a development prospects and market prospects.

Keyword:Double toothed roll crusher,Roll crusher,Product grain size
目录
摘要  ………………………………………………………………………… Ⅰ
Abstract  …………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ第一章 绪论…………………………………………………………………… 1
  1.1 项目的研究意义……………………………………………………… 1
  1.2 国内外的科技现状…………………………………………………… 1
  1.3 设计特点……………………………………………………………… 2
  1.4 设计产品的用途和应用领域………………………………………… 2
  1.5 设计方案……………………………………………………………… 2
    1.5.1 设计目标、研究内容和拟定解决的关键问题………………… 2
    1.5.2 设计方案………………………………………………………… 3
    1.5.3 题目的可行性分析……………………………………………… 4
    1.5.4 本项目的创新之处……………………………………………… 5第二章 破碎机的结构设计…………………………………………………… 6
2.1 结构的选择与比较…………………………………………………… 6
2.2 破碎机参数的初步确定……………………………………………… 8
2.3 原动机的确定…………………………………………………………11
2.4 传动机构的选择与比较………………………………………………11
第三章 破碎机的总体设计……………………………………………………14
3.1 带传动设计……………………………………………………………14
3.2 齿轮传动设计…………………………………………………………18
3.3 齿轮强度校核…………………………………………………………24
3.4 轴、轴承及键的设计…………………………………………………34
3.5 破碎机的总体结构设计………………………………………………41
第四章 项目的技术经济分析…………………………………………………44
4.1 2006年的经济预测……………………………………………………44
4.2 可能影响经济运行质量的问题………………………………………44
4.3 绿色设计………………………………………………………………45
第五章 专题论文——
破碎粉磨机械的现状及发展……………………………………………47
专题正文…………………………………………………………………48
结论 ……………………………………………………………………………58
致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………59
参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………60
附录1翻译原文 ………………………………………………………………62
     英文翻译 ………………………………………………………………68
第一章 绪   论
1.1项目的研究意义
随着国家经济建设的快速发展,将对矿藏资源需求量更高、更好,国家有限的资源量将无法满足更多的需求,双齿辊式破碎机不仅要具有高效性、环保性,更要具有复合性。通常使用的破碎机在工作时只能粗略的对矿石进行破碎,很多还需要二次破碎,仍无法满足生产生活需要,为此就不得不改变物料的破碎方式,物料的破碎效率,物料破碎的安全性环保性等多方面问题,为解决此问题在老师的指导下我设计这台双齿辊式破碎机,它可以有效的解决上述问题。我相信这台破碎机能有效的节省和利用资源,对于提高生产、率环境保护和降低成本将会起到决定性作用,它一定会有很广阔的市场前景!
1.2  国内外现状
辊式破碎机出现于1806年,它是一种较为古老的破碎设备。但是,由于它的结构简单、紧凑轻便、易于制造、工作可靠,特别是它的产品过粉碎少,因此,至今仍在选煤、冶金烧结、水泥、玻璃、陶瓷等工业部门,以及小型选矿厂中使用,而且有新的改进与发展。辊式破碎机被广泛用于破碎软质和中等硬度的物料,对破碎湿料和黏性物料和坚硬物料,使用范围受到了限制。
近年来,国外辊式破碎机发展的得很快,种类也很齐全。按辊子的数目,辊式破碎几可以分为单辊、双辊、三辊、和四辊四种;按辊面形状,可以分为光辊、齿辊、槽辊破碎机,辊式破碎机等等
就其结构而言,大多采用自动移动辊机结构,液压调整,油—液控制系统等新技术、新结构。但各制造厂所采用的结构形式和控制系统各有不同,独具特色。如美国Pettibone公司生产的双辊破碎机,应用橡胶轮胎传动,液压调整机构,采用自动定位滚子轴承,运转平稳,使用寿命较长。还有美国Portec公司生产的三辊破碎机,由一个固定辊和两个移动辊组成。移动辊由弹簧保持压力及固定工作位置。固定辊由齿轮驱动,移动辊由橡胶轮胎传动,可进行单向给料破碎和双向给料破碎。三辊破碎机由单辊破碎机和双辊破碎机组合而成。而四辊破碎机由两个双辊破碎机组合而成,这种破碎机能完成粗碎和终碎两道工序,破碎效率很高。
辊式破碎机的规格用辊子直径D和长度L表示,例如辊子直径为1200mm,辊子长度为为1000mm的辊式破碎机表示为:Φ1200mm×1000mm辊式破碎机。


内容简介:
文档包括:说明书一份,61页,19280字左右.任务书一份.翻译一份.图纸共14张:A0-辊齿破碎机装配图.dwgA0-破碎箱装配图.dwgA1-箱体.dwgA2-底座.dwgA2-皮带轮.dwgA2-上盖.dwgA3-侧板.dwgA3-侧壁.dwgA3-齿轮.dwgA3-齿轮轴.dwgA3-辊子齿轮.dwgA3-破碎砧.dwgA3-轴.dwgA3-轴承座.dwg摘 要我国目前原煤的破碎一般采用锤式破碎机或齿辊式破碎机。锤式破碎机是以高速运动的锤头打击物料,在破碎腔内受到相互破碎冲击和剪切,可控性很差,容易产生过粉碎,而且对入料度有限制,不适合煤炭的粗、中碎作业。而齿辊式破碎机是在齿的作用下对物料进行劈碎,破碎后的物料直接排出,因此破碎粒度比较均匀。目前的双齿辊破碎机由于整体结构的不合理和破碎齿磨损快不能修复等原因,使用效果大大降低甚至很差。2PGC450500新型双齿辊破碎机是在吸取国内外先进技术的基础上研制和设计出来的高强力破碎机,很有发展前景和市场前景。关键词: 双齿辊破碎机,破碎机,产品粒度 AbstractMy current coal was broken generally using hammer-Breakers or teeth roller-Breakers. Hammer-Breakers is the dead against high velocity materials in the shattered debris impact and sheared by mutual broken, controllability poor had to smash easily, but there are restrictions on the Liaodu not suitable for coal rough, Chinese broken operations. And teeth roller-Breakers teeth in the role of materials returned broken, the broken material directly emit, broken granularity more evenly. The current two-tooth roller Breakers and the overall structure of the irrational can not repair broken teeth wear faster reasons, the use of significantly reduced or even poor. 2PGC-450 x 500-double teeth roller Breakers in lessons and on the basis of advanced technology and designed to develop high-strong Breakers, a development prospects and market prospects.Keyword:Double toothed roll crusher,Roll crusher,Product grain sizeII目录摘要 Abstract 第一章 绪论 1 1.1 项目的研究意义 1 1.2 国内外的科技现状 1 1.3 设计特点 2 1.4 设计产品的用途和应用领域 2 1.5 设计方案 2 1.5.1 设计目标、研究内容和拟定解决的关键问题 2 1.5.2 设计方案 3 1.5.3 题目的可行性分析 4 1.5.4 本项目的创新之处 5第二章 破碎机的结构设计 62.1 结构的选择与比较 62.2 破碎机参数的初步确定 82.3 原动机的确定112.4 传动机构的选择与比较11第三章 破碎机的总体设计143.1 带传动设计143.2 齿轮传动设计183.3 齿轮强度校核243.4 轴、轴承及键的设计343.5 破碎机的总体结构设计41第四章 项目的技术经济分析444.1 2006年的经济预测444.2 可能影响经济运行质量的问题444.3 绿色设计45第五章 专题论文破碎粉磨机械的现状及发展47专题正文48结论 58致谢 59参考文献 60附录1翻译原文 62 英文翻译 68黑龙江科技学院毕业设计(论文)任务书姓名: 冯喆 任务下达日期: 2006 年 3 月 13 日设计(论文)开始日期: 2006 年 3 月 13 日设计(论文)完成日期: 2006 年 6 月 20 日一、设计(论文)题目: 双齿辊破碎机的设计 二、专题题目:破碎与粉磨设备的磨损与耐磨材料的发展 三、设计的目的和意义:新型双齿辊破碎机是国外近年出现的一种破碎设备,同其他类型的破碎机相比,具有重量轻、体积小、功耗低,生产率高,出粒粒度均匀等诸多优点,特别适用用与露天矿的破碎站很公路建设碎石,目前国内对该设备需求量很大,由于引进价格昂贵,因为对其进行技术消化吸收便成为当前的迫切责任。建设一批高产,高效的现代化矿区国产辊式破碎机在我国综合机械化煤矿、冶金、水泥、玻璃,陶瓷等工业部门中起主导作用,对我国煤炭产业经济的发展具有重要的现实意义,从而促进国民经济的发展和社会的稳定。四、设计(论文)主要内容:完成对辊式破碎机的分析并对双齿辊破碎机进行结构设计,零、部件的设计计算及其强度校核,并对破碎部分进行优化,主要是齿辊与破碎砧部分。五、设计目标: 完成对双齿辊破碎机的设计及专题论文的编写。六、进度计划: 2006年3月13日至3月31日进行为期3周的生产实习;4月1日至4月10日完成对设计题目的资料收集与查询;4月11日至5月10日完成对设计图纸的绘制;5月11日至6月10日完成毕业设计说明书的编写;6月11日至6月20日最后的审稿及说明书和图纸的打印。 七、参考文献资料:张永忠,苏斯华主编.矿山机械制造工艺学.中国矿业大学出版社,2000;刘春生主编. 滚筒式采煤机理论设计基础.中国矿业大学出版社,2003;成大先主编. 机械设计手册. 北京:化学工业出版社,2004;李文双主编.机械制造工程学.黑龙江科学技术出版社,2004;刘树英主编.破碎粉磨机械设计.东北大学出版社,2001等参考资料30余本。 指 导 教 师: 院(系)主管领导: 年 月 日辊式破碎机的规格用辊子直径D和长度L表示,例如辊子直径为1200mm,辊子长度为为1000mm的辊式破碎机表示为:1200mm1000mm辊式破碎机。摘 要我国目前原煤的破碎一般采用锤式破碎机或齿辊式破碎机。锤式破碎机是以高速运动的锤头打击物料,在破碎腔内受到相互破碎冲击和剪切,可控性很差,容易产生过粉碎,而且对入料度有限制,不适合煤炭的粗、中碎作业。而齿辊式破碎机是在齿的作用下对物料进行劈碎,破碎后的物料直接排出,因此破碎粒度比较均匀。目前的双齿辊破碎机由于整体结构的不合理和破碎齿磨损快不能修复等原因,使用效果大大降低甚至很差。2PGC450500新型双齿辊破碎机是在吸取国内外先进技术的基础上研制和设计出来的高强力破碎机,很有发展前景和市场前景。关键词: 双齿辊破碎机,破碎机,产品粒度 AbstractMy current coal was broken generally using hammer-Breakers or teeth roller-Breakers. Hammer-Breakers is the dead against high velocity materials in the shattered debris impact and sheared by mutual broken, controllability poor had to smash easily, but there are restrictions on the Liaodu not suitable for coal rough, Chinese broken operations. And teeth roller-Breakers teeth in the role of materials returned broken, the broken material directly emit, broken granularity more evenly. The current two-tooth roller Breakers and the overall structure of the irrational can not repair broken teeth wear faster reasons, the use of significantly reduced or even poor. 2PGC-450 x 500-double teeth roller Breakers in lessons and on the basis of advanced technology and designed to develop high-strong Breakers, a development prospects and market prospects.Keyword:Double toothed roll crusher,Roll crusher,Product grain sizeII目录摘要 Abstract 第一章 绪论 1 1.1 项目的研究意义 1 1.2 国内外的科技现状 1 1.3 设计特点 2 1.4 设计产品的用途和应用领域 2 1.5 设计方案 2 1.5.1 设计目标、研究内容和拟定解决的关键问题 2 1.5.2 设计方案 3 1.5.3 题目的可行性分析 4 1.5.4 本项目的创新之处 5第二章 破碎机的结构设计 62.1 结构的选择与比较 62.2 破碎机参数的初步确定 82.3 原动机的确定112.4 传动机构的选择与比较11第三章 破碎机的总体设计143.1 带传动设计143.2 齿轮传动设计183.3 齿轮强度校核243.4 轴、轴承及键的设计343.5 破碎机的总体结构设计41第四章 项目的技术经济分析444.1 2006年的经济预测444.2 可能影响经济运行质量的问题444.3 绿色设计45第五章 专题论文破碎粉磨机械的现状及发展47专题正文48结论 58致谢 59参考文献 60附录1翻译原文 62 英文翻译 68附录1翻译原文破碎粉磨设备的磨损与耐磨材料的发展摘要:从磨损失效分析入手,对破碎粉磨系统中易损件的结构形状、相互匹配关系、耐磨材料生产工艺、质量控制与使用性能等进行评述,并列举了国内外典型耐磨材质的化学成分覆机械性能,同时阐述了破碎粉磨材料的发展。关键词:破碎,粉磨,易损件,耐磨材料1 引言冶金矿山、建材、火电、化工、煤炭等工业部门,需要各种破碎粉磨设备。这些设备的易损件受研磨体、衬扳、物料的磨损,每年消耗大量金属。以水泥工业为饲,1994年水泥全国产量405亿吨。球磨机衬板类、破碎机类损耗金属约为300 350gt水泥;研磨介质(球、段)为500gt水泥,这样1994年仅水泥工业就消耗衬板类金属12万t,研磨体2o多万t。据有关资料统计,黑色、有色矿山消耗金属更多,全国消耗破碎机、球磨机衬扳金属约5o万t,研磨介质金属约130万t,总价值达80亿元。材料的消耗必然反映到能源消耗上,因此降低金属材料消耗也是节约能源的一个重要方面,具有明显的经济效益和社会效益。同时因更换易损件而被迫停车的时间在水泥行业约占总停车时间的50 55 ,占因磨损而增加设备维修工作量的6o 65 ,因此随着破碎粉磨设备工艺技术的飞速发展,随着设备日趋大型化研制和使用,新型耐磨材料越来越为人们所重视。2 破碎粉磨设备的磨损破碎粉磨设备的磨损可分为内部因素和外部因素。内部因素包括材料的冶金质量、化学成分、金相组织和机械性能I外部因素包括物料的硬度和韧性,粒度和棱角锐度等等。易损件是否耐用取决于材料的抗冲击磨损能力,抗疲劳磨损能力,抗显微切削和犁削的能力。下面对几种破碎粉磨设备主要易损件的磨损进行简要分析。2.1 颤式破辟机齿板颚式破碎机齿板的磨损属于凿削式磨损。以江苏常熟采石场使用PZ250500型颚式破碎机齿扳为例,齿扳材质是经水韧处理的标准高锰钢。在扫描电镜下观察齿扳磨面可以看出,齿扳表面被挤压成凹凸部分材料,随后又被磨料推挤形成压舌磨面,在磨面上可以看到很多磨料尖角短程滑动造成的磨痕,并可看到齿板表面有微裂纹,见图1。经过分析,齿扳磨损的主要原因是磨料相对齿板短程滑动、切削金属造成磨屑和磨料反复挤压引起齿扳材料多次变形,导致金属材料疲劳脱落,磨损失教过程是:(1)物料多次反复挤压凿削齿扳,在齿扳区表层,或在挤压金属的突出部分根部形成微裂纹,此微裂纹不断扩展到相连,造成表面金属材料脱落,形成磨屑。(2)物科反复挤压,造成齿扳金属材料被局部压裂或翻起,其碎裂或翻起部分又随着挤压撞击的物料一起脱落形成磨屑 (3)物料相对齿板短程滑动,切削齿板形成磨屑。因此从耐磨材料上控制齿板磨损主要是硬度和韧性。材料硬,物料挤压深度浅,材料变形小,物料对材料短程滑动的切削量也小 材料韧性好,抵抗断裂能力强,可消除挤压撞击过程中脆性断裂,提高抗疲劳变形开裂能力。颚式破碎机的大小规格不同,进料粒度、锐度不同,对齿板的挤压、撞击力不同,大中型挤压力大,除考虑材料的抗挤压力和抗滑动切削外,还应考虑受撞击时的冲击力及弯曲应力 因此大型齿板选材应选用韧性高、综合性能好的材质从上述磨损失效分析可知,对于齿板材料应选择硬度高的材质以抵抗挤压、显微切削失效,选择足够韧性柏材质以抵抗凿削撞击疲劳失效。同时从齿板结构上进行改进,以减少物料与齿板的相对滑动,这不仅对提高生产率有益,而且对提高材料的使用寿命也有益。2.2 锤式破碎机锤头不同规格的锤式破碎机,锤头形状大小也各不相同,一般认为90125kg的锤头为大型,25kg以下为小型,其余为中型。大中水泥厂一般使用2550kg锤头。由于锤头大小不同,使用工况条件不同,它的磨损失效也各不相同。锤头的磨损方式,以冲击凿削为主,伴随有冲刷显微切削磨损。其磨损形貌为冲击坑和切削犁沟。由于锤头的主要磨损方式为冲击,所以人们习惯于选择高锰钢做锤头材质。(1)12kg以下锤头由于其冲韧小,不能充分发挥高锰钢的加工硬化作用,因此耐磨性很不理想,如破碎长石、劣质煤和高炉矿渣等物料,锤头有的用几天甚至几个班即失效。有人把玻璃厂用58kg锤头和水泥厂用115kg锤头进行磨损后残体失效分析,结果表明两类锤头加工硬化效果都很差,表面硬化曲线如图2所示。小锤头的磨损过程是一方面物料小能量冲击锤头,金属表面产生塑性变形和徽裂纹。在反复多次塑变情况下裂纹扩展,金属受挤压形成碎片脱落,导致冲击磨损;另一方面物料刺入材料表面,在一定法向力与切向力作用下,对材料表层金属产生显微切削、冲刷,使金属表面磨损,但由于冲击力 大,高锰钢不足以被加工硬化。所以应选择有一定韧性,以硬度高为主导的材料才能大幅度提高使用寿命。(2)50kg级锤头 由于其冲击力大,采用高韧性的高锰钢材质,其加工硬化性能得到一定发挥,锤头以磨损、冲击、凿削为主,伴随冲刷显微切削磨损,磨损的微观形貌表现为冲击坑和切削犁沟。但是如果物料工况条件不同,同样是高锰钢锤头使用情况也相差很大。如同样是陕西延河水泥机械厂生产的12P 50kg级高锰钢锤头,在永登水泥厂仅应用23个月即失效;在耀县水泥厂可用811个月。电镜观察永登水泥厂锤头在磨损面上主要是切削犁沟,有冲击坑存在,说明其磨损失效是以切削机理为主,向时伴随有撞击磨损。分析原因是该厂石灰石物料中含泥量大,粒度小,使冲击负荷减小,高锰钢加工硬度不明显,同时物料中常带有高硬度的硅石板岩,对高锰钢奥氏体像硬质合金刀一榉切 ,留下许多切削沟槽,所以磨损快。耀县水泥厂锤头磨损面上主要是冲击坑,并有少量的切削沟槽,说明它是以撞击磨损为主,伴随切削磨损,这是因为耀县厂的石灰石块度大,且均匀、冲击力大。石灰石与锤头磨损面撞击时形成许多撞击坑,坑周围有明显的翻边。由于高锰钢有良好塑性,在磨料正向撞击下较易塑性变形而形成冲击坑;另一方面由于较大冲击力使高锰钢得以被加工硬化,增大了变形抗力,因而表现出较高的抗磨损能力。从上述分析可以看出:在以切削为主的情况下,诗件的硬度对耐磨性起主导作用 为解决这一问题,我们与湖北水泥机械厂在研制一种超强高锰钢高韧性的前提下,丈幅度提高其屈服强度(达 450Nram。),提高初始硬度到HB260300,同时提高其加工硬化速率,使寿命大幅度提高。(3)大型破碎机90kg和125kg锤头以90kg锤头为倒其工作参数如表1由表1可知该破碎机进料粒度大,破碎比大,转速高,所以锤头受撞击力大,是以撞击为主的磨损机制。选材应以冲击韧性为主导兼顾硬度、强度等综合性能。冀东水泥厂t983年3月使用从德国O8 公司引进的MB7090型锤式破碎机,90kg锤头原来是双金属铸造,头部用高铬铸铁,锤柄用低合金钢,使用中锤头削落,结合处断裂较多,影响正常生产,威胁整机的安全,1 986年7月进口OK 公司单金属90kg锤头,平均使用10个月破碎180万t石灰石。唐山水泥机械厂在解剖分析簿国锤头基础上研制超高锰钢锤头,1 991年通过部级鉴定。含锰钢高达17 18 ,主要是使锤头厚大,中心部也为全奥氏体,保持其优良的韧性,使用可靠,增加Cr Mo等元素,提高屈服强度和初始硬度等综合性能满足生产需要。以上说明以冲击磨损为主的易损件必须选择高韧性材料并辅以其它综合性能。23球管磨机衬板的磨损球(管)磨机的衬板承受磨球和物料的冲击、凿削、挤压和显微切削多方面作用,磨损特征是表面出现凹坑、裂纹和犁沟。磨损程度与物料特性、粒度、锐度和易磨性有关,也与磨机直径大小规格、衬板所处部位有关。以22m65m水泥磨机为倒,一仓、二仓高锰钢衬板磨损表面电镜照片如图3和图4所示。从图片中可见一仓衬板有许多犁沟和剥落坑,这是因为一仓平均球径为 7080mm,最大球为 9O100mm,物料平均粒度25ram,最大可达40mm,且棱角尖锐;二仓球径为 3050mm或35mm30mm 以下钢段。物料从一仓被破碎后经厢仓板到二仓,粒度已变成5ram左右,棱角锐度已大大减小,所以二仓衬板主要是显微切削、挤压堆积和冲局4磨损。进料端磨头衬板由于受较大研磨体和物料粒度大、棱角尖锐的侧冲击、滑动切削,因此比出料端篦板磨损严重得多。隔仓板既受一、二仓球的侧冲击,又要使物料通过啼缝受冲刷显微切削,因此磨损也比较严重 若要求隔仓板既有抗冲击磨损能力不断裂,又要有较高的屈服强度和硬度,抗弯曲,抗物料冲刷,保持篦缝宽度,满足工艺要求,就应选择韧性好硬度高的材料。即使是同一块磨机衬板,不丽部位磨损也不同,比如端衬板、中部衬板受物料和磨球的冲击严重,尤其是迎料面更甚,而靠近筒体尾部则轻些。筒体衬板不论是阶梯、凸棱、压条等衬板迎料球面受切削、冲击严重,因此在衬板生产工艺中应考虑不同部位的抗冲击磨损的耐磨性问题,或从结构设计中加以改进,如磨头端衬板迎料面加棱;一仓村板做成双阶梯;隔仓板磨损部位加厚等等。综上所述衬板磨损是一个系统工程,要针对不同的工况条件研制相应的耐磨材料。24 磨球的磨损失效磨球在球摩机工作中消耗金属是最多的。我们对不同材质、使用在不同工况条件下的磨球进行分析,可知磨球的磨损失效有以下几种机理:(1)凿削和切削磨损。磨球在磨内上升阶段与物料相对滑动,被物料中硬而尖锐的部分在表面切削出较深沟槽,被敬而钝的物料切出较浅的沟槽,物料大小不同,软硬尖锐不同,造成球表面沟槽探浅、宽窄不同,纵横交错。磨球弛落时以一定角度撞击物料,产生局部凿削磨损形成凿削坑。(2)变形磨损。磨球与物料相对滑动或冲击时除直接切削、凿削外,还有犁沟变形发生,金属被推挤至沟槽和凹坑外侧,在物料反复作用下金属变形,由应变疲劳产生裂纹,裂纹扩展、连接,形成犁屑薄片,表面脱落。(3)脆性剥落。磨球受冲击过程中,材料脆性相(如碳化物)开裂、破碎自表面卓i落造成磨屑。(4)疲劳磨损。磨球在磨机内周而复始的上升、抛落、反复滑动、滚动和冲击等变化,在冲击接触压应力、切应力作用下产生疲劳,在亚表层形成相互平行的疲劳裂纹,并向表面延伸形成疲劳剥落层。疲劳裂纹可在亚表层下夹杂物和脆性相下生核,也可在表面硬化层和动态软化层问生核。当在远表层的铸造缺陷和夹杂上生核,扩展时将导致宏观疲劳剥落,产生大块碎片造成球开裂或失圆。近表层生核则导致微观疲劳剥落,形成显微薄层和剥落坑。英文翻译Broken equipment wear and wear-resisting material Fenmo developmentAbstract:tarting from wearing hilure analysis,the author introduces the structure and shape,mutual matching relation,manutacturing engineering of wear resisting ma terisls,quality control and application characteristics of dama geable parts in crushing and grinding system and enumerates chemical cornportents and mechanical properties of typical wear- resisting materials at home and abroadThe developmerit of wear resisting materials is also given in this articleKey Words:crushing,grinding,damageable parts,wear- resisting materials1 Introduction Metallurgical mining, building materials, thermal power generation, chemical, coal, and other industrial sectors, the need for various broken Fenmo equipment. These pieces of equipment vulnerable groups affected by the ground, trying protected, material wear and tear, the annual consumption of the metal. For feeding to the cement industry, 1994 production of 405 million tons of cement nationwide. Ball mill Chenban category, Breakers category depletion of metal about 300 350g/t cement; Most medium (ball, above) 500g/t cement, such as young as 1994 on the cement industry consumed 120000t Chenban type metal, grinding bodies 2o more. According to relevant statistics, black, colored metal mines exertion more, the National exertion Breakers, ball mill lining protected metal about 50000t, about 130 km medium metal with a total value of 80 billion. Material consumption is reflected in energy consumption, thus saving energy and reducing consumption of materials metals an important aspect of a very clear economic and social benefits. At the same time as a result of the replacement of forced relocation of parking time in the cement industry about the total parking time 5550, representing an increase of wear and tear of equipment maintenance workload 60 65, with broken equipment crafts Fenmo rapid development of technology, with increasingly large-scale equipment development and use of new wear-resisting material growing importance. 2 broken Fenmo equipment wear and tear Fenmo broken equipment wear and tear can be divided into internal factors and external factors. Internal factors include the quality of materials metallurgy, chemical composition, metallography and mechanical properties of materials I external factors including the hardness and toughness, size and edges and corners Ruiduo etc. Size pieces depending on whether the material durable resistance to wear and tear ability to resist fatigue wear capacity-lung machine and ploughs cut capacity. The size of several major pieces of equipment broken Fenmo wear a summary analysis. Broken anti-aircraft teeth every. 2.1 Plate Jaw-Breakers teeth plates worn to holes cut-worn. Jiangsu Changshu quarries to use PZ250500-jaw style Breakers teeth protected, for example, the teeth are protected by the materials handling water standards high manganese steel fasteners. In scanning call youthful observation teeth wrenched himself face can be seen, teeth protected by squeezing out as much of the surface material, followed by a pressure abrasive tongue pushing himself face, can be seen in the upper surface of many abrasive edges because the marks are caused by short-range sliding, and may see a slight cracks teeth board surface, see figure 1. After analysis, teeth wrenched worn mainly abrasive relative teeth board short sliding, cutting metal grinding scrap and abrasive repeatedly squeeze caused teeth protected materials on deformation, resulting in the metal materials off fatigue, loss of skills to teach the course are : (1) materials repeatedly squeeze hole cut teeth arranged in the teeth protected area surface, or in metal squeeze the highlights roots form micro cracks, linked to the continued expansion of micro-cracks, causing the surface of metal materials separated, forming himself crumbs. (2) Section objects repeatedly squeeze, causing teeth wrenched metal materials were partially closed or residents to reveal the fragmentation or residents to reveal some of the materials and the impact to squeeze off a difficult scrap (3) material relative teeth short-range sliding panels, a difficult scrap carbide teeth boards.Therefore teeth from wear-resisting material control panels worn mainly hardness and resilience. Hard materials, materials squeeze shallow depth, material deformation small, short-range sliding cutting materials volume of the material is also good resilience of small materials, a strong ability to resist fracture, the impact may be removed squeeze process brittleness fracture, raising anti-fatigue deformation shell capacity. Jaw-Breakers different size specifications, feed granularity, Ruiduo different panels of the squeezing out teeth, different impacts of large and medium-sized squeeze pressure, apart from the material to resist pressure and to resist squeeze sliding brackets, should also consider the impact of the impact and bending stress the large teeth board composition should use high resilience, good overall performance materials. From the above analysis shows wear ineffective for teeth board material should choose hardness high resistance materials to squeeze, lung machine failures, the choice of materials sufficient to resist cutting Bo resilience cut impact fatigue failure. At the same time to improve the structure of boards from the teeth, and tooth plates to reduce the relative sliding materials, useful not only for increasing productivity but also to improve the material life useful. 2.2 hammer-Breakers dead Different specifications hammer-Breakers, dead shape and size vary, it is generally thought that the dead 90125kg for large, 25kg Following is a small, and the rest for medium. Dazhong plant general use 2550kg dead. The dead and sizes and the use of the state of different conditions, the wear and tear of its failure vary. The dead wear, with the impact of the cut-cut, accompanied by heavy lung machine wear. Externalities for impact craters and its worn cutting plow Gap. The dead wear and tear of the main ways to attack, so do dead people accustomed to the choice of high manganese steel materials. (1) The following dead one 2kg Because of its extremely small jumping, Jiagongyinghua can not give full play to the role of high manganese steel, resistance to abrasion from ideal, such as broken feldspar, Liezhimei and blast furnace slag and other materials, dead in a few days or even a few classes, some failures. It was reported by 5.8kg to 11.5kg dead and cement used to wear dead after mutilated body lapse analysis revealed two dead Jiagongyinghua results are poor surface hardening curve shown in figure 2.The wear process is small dead materials on the one hand small energy shocks dead, a metal surface deformation and plasticity Emblem cracks. Just change many times in the expansion of cracks, metal debris particles formed by squeezing out, leading to shocks wear; On the other hand materials tips surface materials in a certain law is the power to influence and role of the surface of metal materials have lung machine, washed, worn metal surfaces, but because of the impact of power, high manganese steel to be Jiagongyinghua. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a certain resilience to the high hardness of the material can lead to a substantial increase useful life. (2) 50kg class dead Because of its great impact, high manganese steel materials using high resilience, its performance has been Jiagongyinghua must play dead to wear, impact and cut-cut, micro machining with heavy wear and tear, wear micro externalities performance for impact craters and cutting plow Gap. However, if the material conditions of the state are different, the same is the use of high manganese steel dead also a big difference. Shaanxi River is the same as cement plant production 12P 50kg class high manganese steel dead in eternal plant only applications 23 months failures; Cement plant in Yaoxian available 811 months. Dianjingguancha eternal in the plant dead worn surface mainly cutting plow Gap, impact craters exist on the expiry of their worn mainly by cutting mechanisms to wear and tear, accompanied by impact. Analysis because the plant limestone materials, including large quantities of mud, small granularity to reduce the impact load, high manganese steel processing hardness less, and often with high hardness of the material silica slate of high manganese steel austenitic like Zeikowa acuminata is a hard metal knife, leaving many cut trench, so wear faster. Yaoxian plant is dead wear face major impact craters, and a small cut below, the impact that it is worn mainly by cutting wear and tear, it is because the limestone pieces for the Great Yaoxian plant, and evenly, the impact great. Limestone and the impact of a dead wear face many impact craters, craters are visible around here. The high manganese steel have good plasticity, is in abrasive impact of the formation of impact craters and easier plasticity deformation; On the other hand, because of the larger impact of high manganese steel to be Jiagongyinghua, increased deformation resistance, and thus demonstrated higher wear-resistant ability. As can be seen from the above analysis : in a cut-based cases, the hardness of the poetry of resistance to abrasion lead role to solve this problem, we Hubei cement plant with a super-high manganese steel in the development of high-resilience premise ten feet of improving its yield strength (up to 450N/ram. ), to increase the initial hardness HB260300. at the same time improving its Jiagongyinghua rate, the longevity Life significantly improved. (3) Large Breakers 90kg and 125kg dead To do its work to 90kg dead parameters as shown in table 1.Table 1 shows the aggregate size of the Breakers into large, broken than large, high rotational speed, the dead impact of the large impact on the wear and tear on machinery. Material should lead to resilience to combine hardness, intensity, integrated performance. Cement kilns, March t983 use from Germany O8 company introduced MB70/90-hammer-style Breakers, 90kg dead is double the original metal casting, with his head high chromium cast iron, hammer handles in low alloy steel, the use of dead cut off, combining Department fracture more affected normal production, the threat of whole sets of safety July 1986 imports O&K companies Shan metal 90kg dead, the average use of 10 months broken 1800000 t limestone. Tangshan cement plant in the country dead autopsy analysis book basis and high manganese steel dead, 1991, through ministerial identification. 18 containing manganese steel up to 17, mainly to enable dead Houda, the center for the entire Department generally maintain its excellent resilience, the use of reliable, increase Cr Mo and other elements to improve overall yield strength and initial hardness, the performance needs of production. Wear and tear on the above description to the impact of the vulnerability to choose materials and supplemented by other high-resilience integrated performance. The wear and tear of the ball mill Chenban 2.3 Ball (control) mills and the Chenban bear Moqiu materials shocks, cut, squeeze and lung machine multifaceted role of worn surface features is a crater, crackle and ploughs Gap. And the degree of wear materials characteristics, size, nature Ruiduo living skills, but also with the rod diameter size specifications, Chenban which parts. 2.2m x 6.5m to cement mills to do, a warehouse, two positions high manganese steel surface of a mirror Chenban worn photographs shown in figure 3 and figure 4.Photo from a warehouse in the foreseeable Chenban many ploughs Gap and spalling pit, because a warehouse for 7080mm average ball Drive, the largest ball to 90100mm, average granularity 25ram materials, the largest up to 40mm, and sharp edges and corners; Two positions for the ball Drive 3050mm 35mm x 30mm or below steel. Materials from one warehouse was broken into two panels after booths warehouse stores, granularity has become 5ram around edges and corners Ruiduo has greatly reduced, so two positions Chenban mainly lung machine, squeezing out accumulation and salt Board 4 worn. Feed-Motouchenban Because of the larger equipment and materials granularity sports large, sharp edges and corners of the side impact and sliding hill, than expected - comb plates wear out much more serious. It positions panels back one or two positions balls side shocks, but also to materials through hoof off by washed lung machine, and therefore wear is also more serious if it requires board positions both wear resistance capacity is not broken, we should have a higher yield strength and hardness, resistance to bending, resistance materials washed maintain comb linking width, crafts meet requirements, it should choose the good resilience high hardness of the material. Even with a hammer Chenban not wear different parts Korea, for example - Chenban, Central Chenban affected by the impact of materials and Moqiu serious, especially to greet expected face more and more light is close to the tail device. Receiver Chenban whether ladder, prominent corner, layering, etc. Chenban welcome by cutting spherical expected, the impact of serious Chenban production processes in differ
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本文标题:双齿辊破碎机的设计【14张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩通过】
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