高考英语短文改错考点类析.doc

原文地址：高考英语短文改错考点类析作者：赵国胜 高考英语短文改错的设错(即考点)很有规律，并且呈现出极强的稳定性。常规考点主要集中在动词、冠词、介词、连词、名词、形容词和副词、各类从句引导词、行文逻辑等方面。进一步的研究还表明：名词：主要考查其可数性或单复数的使用情况等(几乎每年都有)。冠词：主要考查基本用法(冠词设错几乎每年都有)。介词：主要考查介词的习惯搭配(比如与名词搭配、与动词搭配、尤其是与形容词的搭配等，介词设错几乎每年都有)。形容词：主要考查比较等级、搭配、修饰、用法区别等(形容词设错几乎每年都有)。副词：主要考查副词修饰其他词的正确性，有时也考查搭配与行文逻辑方面的问题等。代词：主要考查前后指代的一致性以及某些习惯用法等。动词：主要考查时态(每年必有)、非谓语动词(每年必有)、语态(有时有)等方面。并列连词：并列连词考查主要涉及行文逻辑。各类从句：包括状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句等。主要考查各类从句的引导词的正确使用问题(大部分年份有)。一名词一、考点规律分析短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。二、真题单句归纳(1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. (waters 改为water，因“水”为物质名词，不可数) (全国卷)(2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. (time改为 times，many times 意为“许多次”) (全国卷)(3) There are branch library in many villages. (library 改为 libraries，因其前的谓语are为复数) (全国卷)(4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. (times 改为 time，some time 意为“某时”) (全国卷)(5) Today I visited the Smiths my first time visit to an American family. (去掉time，因first 已含有“次”的意思) (全国卷)(6) They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. (question 改为 questions，因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语 lots of) (全国卷)(7) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics. (subject 改为 subjects，因 a few 后应接复数可数名词) (全国卷)(8) and often watch football match on TV together. (match 改为 matches) (全国卷)(9) Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day! (return改为 returns，many happy returns of the day! 为祝贺生日的惯用表达) (北京春季卷)(10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. (schoolmate 改为 schoolmates，因校友不只一个，另外根据其后的 all 也可推知) (全国卷)(11) I used to love science class all of them biology, chemistry, geography, physics. (class 改为 classes，指其后提到的所有课程) (北京春季卷)(12) They did not want me to do any work at family. (family 改为 home，因 at home 为固定短语) (全国卷)(13) so that Ill get good marks in all my subject. (subject 改为 subjects，请注意前面的 all) (全国卷)(14) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. (picture 改为 pictures，picture 作为可数名词，其前应有限定词，或为复数形式) (全国卷)(15) No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to. (program 改为 programs，从句意上看，此处应用复数) (北京春季卷)(16) Their word were a great encouragement to me. (word 改为 words，注意其后的复数动词) (全国卷)(17) You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”(month 改为 months，因 several 后要用可数名词的复数形式) (江苏卷)(18) but after class we become stranger at once.(stranger改为strangers，由本行前面的we可知应该用名词复数) (全国卷)(19) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. (minute改为minutes，因为a few后面的名词一定是复数) (广西卷)(20) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby(age改为ages，因谈到不止一个人的年龄，age用复数；of all ages指各个年龄阶段的人 (浙江卷)(21) She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when (homeworks改为homework，因它是不可数名词，没有复数形式) (福建卷)(22) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改为knowledge，因 knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数形式) (湖北卷)二高考英语短文改错考点类析冠词一、考点规律分析短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用，有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与 an 的区别)。其中，涉及最多的是，当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时，其前漏用不定冠词；另外，冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。二、真题单句归纳(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改为 an，因 hour 读音以元音开头) (全国卷)(2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (the 改为 a，因此处并非特指，而是泛指) (全国卷)(2) Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. (去掉 the，因这里的 books 表泛指，不表特指) (全国卷)(3) Good health is persons most valuable possession. (persons 前加 a，这里的 a 表泛指) (全国卷) 摘自(4) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. (去掉 the，因health 表泛指) (全国卷)(5) There is public library in every town in Britain. (public library 前加 a，因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指，故在其前用 a) (全国卷)(6) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. (a 改为 the，因从含义上看，此处的 winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的) (全国卷)(7) Today I visited the Smiths my first visit to a American family. (a 改为 an，因 American 的读音以元音开头) (全国卷)(8) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (captain 前加冠词 the，captain 为特指) (全国卷)(9) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (the 改为 one，one 与下一行的 another 构成“一个另一个”) (全国卷)(10) Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (wonderful 前加 a，该表达与 have a good time 类似，其中的 a 不可省) (北京春季卷)(11) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (去掉 a，catch sight of 是习语，意为“看见、瞥见”) (全国卷)(12) For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery(奥秘). (去掉 the，rain 在此泛指) (北京春季卷)(13) We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为 the，因 same 前应用定冠词) (全国卷) 摘自高考英语网(14) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(在 famous 前加 a，注意 mountain 是单数可数名词) (全国卷)(15) My teacher advised me to keep my diary. (my diary 改为 a diary，keep a diary 意为“写日记”) (全国卷)(16) When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. (boy 前加 a，因 boy 为可数名词) (江苏卷)(16) On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. (a 改为 the，因这不是泛指的周末，而是特指本周周末)(四川卷)(17) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of their own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. (lifetime 前加a，指人的一生是 a lifetime) (浙江卷)(18) Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. (fire 前加 the，因这是特指的一场火灾) (福建卷)(19) As we all left home at early age, (early前加an，at an early age意为“在年幼时”) (天津卷) 摘自(20) My grandma was the best cooker in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. (cooker 改为cook，比较：cook=炊事员，cooker=炊具) (江苏卷)三 高考英语短文改错考点类析介词一、考点规律分析短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。二、真题单句归纳(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (in 改为 on，insist on 为固定搭配) (全国卷)(2) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (at 改为 of，catch sight of是习语，意为“看见”) (全国卷)(3) When I have free time I go a long walk. (go 后加 for，go for a walk 是习语) (全国卷)(4) When they came down the police were angry to them. (to 改为 with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用be angry with sb) (全国卷)(5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物动词) (全国卷)(6) and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular. (books for 改为 books on，此处的 on 意为“关于”) (全国卷)(7) I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. (去掉 about 或将 about 改为 that，因动词 knew 后可直接跟宾语从句，无需用介词) (全国卷)(8) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (for 改为 of，注意句型 Its kind of sb to do sth) (全国卷)(9) In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. (去掉 in，在由 next, this, last 等构成的时间短语中，一般可直接用作时间状语，无需加 in, on, at 这样的介词) (全国卷)(10) We practise for three times every week. (去掉 for，在表示频率的名词前通常不加介词) (全国卷)(11) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (instead 后加 of，instead of 为复合介词，在此表示“而不是”) (全国卷)(12) Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family. (among 改为 in，in my family 意为“在我家里”) (全国卷)(13) I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing(a lot 后加 of，因 a lot 不能直接修饰名词) (全国卷)(14) Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday. (on 改为 for，thanks for doing sth 意为“因某事而感谢某人”) (北京春季卷)(15) So Im really sorry that I wont be able to come in this time. (去掉 in，因 this time 可直接用作状语) (北京春季卷)(16) but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. (去掉 about，因 about 后没有接宾语，about 属多余) (全国卷)(17) For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four oclock in the morning. (去掉 on，因 one night 可直接用作状语) (北京春季卷)(18) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at，the moment 在此用作连词，相当于 as soon as) (全国卷)(19) His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination. (去掉 in，spend 是及物动词，其后可直接跟名词作宾语) (安徽春季卷)(20) I feel sorry to him. (to 改为 for，be / feel sorry for sb 意为“为某人感到难过”) (安徽春季卷)(21) Because so much viewing, children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. (Because 后加 of，因 so much viewing 相当于名词) (北京春季卷)(22) On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials(On 改为 In，意为“在一年中”) (北京春季卷)(23) The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese (去掉 that 前的 in，was 后是一个以 that 引导的宾语从句，in 是多余的) (全国卷)(24) Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. (to 改为 at，laugh at 意为“嘲笑”) (全国卷)(25) You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet. (kinds 后加 of，a kind of 意为“一种”，all kinds of意为“各种各样的”) (广西卷)(26) But I have spent lots my money, (lots后加of，lots / a lot后不能接名词；后接名词时，要用lots of，a lot of) (四川卷)(27) you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors Club(去掉 in，表示“参加，加入”某个组织，join 后不要再加介词 in；表示“参加”某项活动时，才加 in) (浙江卷)(28) We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. (on 改为 in，因为 have sth in common 是固定搭配，意为“有共同的”) (福建卷)四高考英语短文改错考点类析形容词与副词一、考点规律分析短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如 in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的asas 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。二、真题单句归纳(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改为 frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕) (全国卷)(2) Charles said, “As soon as I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it. (realy 改为 really 或 real，若改为 really，则修饰 tall；若改为 real，则修饰 building) (全国卷)(3) Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. (taller 改为 tallest，因从含义上看此处应是最高级) (全国卷)(4) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. (去掉 more，因为 longer 本身已是比较级，不能再受 more 修饰) (全国卷)(5) Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. (Therefore 改为 However，因此处语意转折) (全国卷)(6) People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. (so long as 改为 as long as，其意为“与一样长”) (全国卷)(7) In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (many 之前加 as，因as . as 结构不完整) (全国卷) 摘自(8) I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had. (that 改为 what) (全国卷)(9) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (去掉 much，因 much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级，尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级) (全国卷)(10) Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改为 wonderful，因它是放在名词前作定语) (全国卷)(11) First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉 more，因从上下文看，这是第一次给对方写信，不存在谈谈“更多情况”的问题) (全国卷)(12) I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interesting 改为 interested，be interested in 意为“对感兴趣”) (全国卷)(13) Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience. (important 改为 importance，teach 后可接名词或代词作宾语，但不接形容词作宾语) (全国卷)(14) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately，因此处要求用副词作状语) (全国卷)(15) I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. (what 改为 how，how 在此表示方式) (北京春季卷)(16) After learning the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. (practically 改为 practical，此处用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(17) Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. (去掉 often，因句中的whenever 与 often 意义重复) (全国卷)(18) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (What 改为 How，句意为“不知其他家庭的情况是怎样的”) (全国卷)(19) For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four oclock in the morning. (loudly 改为 loud，与 strong 并列作定语，修饰 music) (北京春季卷)(20) But he is difference now. (difference改为different，即用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(21) The time passes quickly. Evening came down. (去掉 down，要表示“夜幕来临”，直接说 Evening came 即可) (全国卷)(22) although radios can be very noise. (noise 改为 noisy，即用形容词作表语) (北京春季卷)(23) all planned and written by grown-ups to make children want things that they dont real need. (real 改为 really，修饰动词要用副词) (北京春季卷)(24) But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he wouldnt play basketball any more. (then 改为 now，just now 为习语，意为“刚才”) (安徽春季卷)(25) But one of the best players in our team told me just now that he wouldnt play basketball once more. (once 改为 any，not any more为习语，意为“不再”) (安徽春季卷)(26) I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (quietly 改为quiet，and连接并列成分quite和shy) (全国卷)(27) Finding information on the Net is easily. (easily改为easy，作表语要用形容词) (年广西卷)(28) Yes, a concert can be very excited. (excited改为exciting，表示某事物是“令人兴奋的”用exciting；表示某人“感到兴奋”才用excited) (四川卷)(30) Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. (interested 改为 interesting，指某事物是“令人有趣的”，用interesting，表示某人“对感兴趣”时，用interested) (浙江卷)(31) She called 119 immediate. (immediate改为immediately，用作状语，要用副词) (福建卷)(32) However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. (helplessly改为helpless，在系动词felt后作表语，要用形容词) (天津卷)五高考英语短文改错考点类析代词一、考点规律分析短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。二、真题单句归纳(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (去掉 it，因它与其前的关系代词 which 语义重复) (全国卷)(2) When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. (head 前加 his，汉语可“摇头”，而英语的习惯要说 shake ones head) (全国卷)(3) We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. (They 改为 We，前后人称不一致) (全国卷)(4) And I cant forget the good food you cooked for I. (I 改为 me，因介词之后的人称代词要用宾格) (全国卷)(5) I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon. (去掉 both。因 both 与后面的 two 意义重复，况且词序安排也不对) (全国卷)(6) The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (his 改为 their，因前面的 the Smiths 指的是“史密斯夫妇”或“史密斯一家”，是复数意义) (全国卷)(7) And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. (they 改为 we，根据句意，主从句的主语应该一致) (全国卷)(8) Now I cant watch much television, but a few years ago (去掉 much，因为从下文看作者现在根本就不看电视) (全国卷)(9) Now someone at home reads instead. (someone 改为 everyone 或 everybody。从全文语义来看，应为“每一个人”) (全国卷)(10) Im spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. (去掉 all，因 all 与 whole 语义重复) (北京春季卷)(11) The day before the speech contest(比赛) English teacher talked to me. (English 前加 my，teacher 为单数可数名词，前面要有限定词) (全国卷)(12) I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works. (it 改为 they，因它表示 those classes) (北京春季卷)(13) in any other words, I am an only child. (去掉 any，因 in other words 为固定短语，意思是“换句话说”) (全国卷)(14) For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place I couldnt find. (them 改为it，因它指代上文提到的a chocolate cake) (北京春季卷)(15) Then he ate it all, by himself. He never helped other. (other改为others，others 泛指“其他人”) (北京春季卷)(16) The three of them were very excited. (them 改为 us，因短文用的是第一人称) (全国卷)(17) But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college is the only place for a smart boy like his son. (his 改为 their，因要与其前的 his parents 保持一致) (安徽春季卷)(18) According to studies, any children spend more time watching television than they spend in school. (any 改为 many / some，由句意决定) (北京春季卷)(19) and tried to translate anything into English. (anything 改为 everything，根据上下文句意确定) (全国卷) 摘自(20) as I was learning to express me in simple English. (me 改为 myself，express oneself 为固定结构，意为“表明意思、意见，表达思想”) (全国卷)(21) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (showed 后加 it，showed 在此作及物动词，后面缺少宾语) (全国卷)(21) At once I apologize and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. (me 改为 myself，根据主语和句意，此处应用反身代词) (江苏卷)(22) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own (your 改为 their，主语是 more and more people，故用代词their) (浙江卷)(23) If any one of us had any difficulty in our life or study, the other would help him out.(other 改为 others，因为当某个人遇到困难时，“其余的所有人”都会帮他，而不是“另外的那一个人”会帮他) (天津卷)(24) Whats more, you have to be friendly with your pupils and take good care of him. (him 改为 them，因为此处要代替的是 your pupils) (湖北卷)六高考英语短文改错考点类析动词用法一、考点规律分析此考点归纳的是除动词时态与非谓语动词之外的动词考点，它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词 be 的误加与漏用等。二、真题单句归纳(1) He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (lied 改为 lay，lie 表示“躺”时，其过去时是 lay) (全国卷)(2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (seeing 改为 seen，因为从含义上看，此处谓语应用被动语态) (全国卷)(3) Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改为 kept，因此处要用被动语态) (全国卷)(4) and let you know when the book you want has returned. (returned 之前加 been，因从句意上看，此处要用被动语态) (全国卷)(5) Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. (go 改为 come，由句意可知) (全国卷)(6) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were，因此处缺谓语动词) (全国卷)(7) Id like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 后加 be / become，因 would like后要接不定式，根据句意此处应加 be / become) (全国卷)(8) What your favourite sport? (what 后加 is 或将 What 改为 Whats，此句缺谓语) (全国卷)(9) I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football. (use to 改为 used to，此为习语，意为“过去经常”) (全国卷)(10) I was used to watch it every night. (去掉 was，因 used to do sth 是固定表达，意为“过去常常做”) (全国卷)(11) There will an important game next month. (will 后加be，此处缺谓语动词) (安徽春季卷)(12) Because of so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. (去掉 be，因它与其后的动词 develop 相冲突) (北京春季卷)(13) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. (去掉 should，因 put 和 followed 是平行结构，作并列谓语) (全国卷)(14) As we were all left home at an early age. (去掉were，因句中已有谓语动词left，“我们离开家”又是主动，不能再加be) (天津卷)(15) I often dream of a teacher. (a teacher 前加上 being 或 becoming。根据后文的内容看来，作者不是梦见老师，而是自己梦想“成为”一名教师) (年湖北卷)(16) Without enough knowledges, you can never learn well.(learn改为teach，因上句讲“为了教好，教师不得不学”，此句便是“没有学问，就决不会教好”) (年湖北卷)七高考英语短文改错考点类析时态一、考点规律分析动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别，其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时；或者反过来，在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看，主要涉及be 和 have两个常用