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铲平机的设计【优秀工程机械类设计+14张CAD图纸全套】

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关键词：: 铲平铲平机工程机械设计工程机械

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铲平机的设计【优秀工程机械类设计+14张CAD图纸全套】

【含外文翻译+52页@正文15200字】【详情如下】【需要咨询购买全套设计请加QQ1459919609 】.bat

侧板装配图A2.dwg

侧板零件A2.dwg

刀片按滚A3.dwg

刀片支架A3.dwg

外文翻译副本.doc

已修正A0总装图.dwg

废旧橡胶的综合利用小论文.doc

按滚支架A3.dwg

按滚铰链A3.dwg

改向箱轴A3.dwg

改向齿轮箱箱体A2.dwg

机架上梁A3.dwg

机架装配图A1.dwg

正文.doc

生产胶粉—废旧轮胎回收利用的方向外文翻译.doc

蜗杆减速器A0.dwg

角度板A3.dwg

角度板装配A3.dwg

第一章绪论1

1.1项目的研究意义1

1.2国内外现状1

1.3 铲平机的应用2

第二章总体设计3

2.1总体布局设计3

2.2各传动轴的数据计算7

２.２.１选择电动机的类型和结构形式：7

２.２.２选择电动机的容量：7

２.２.３计算各轴的转速：7

２.２.４计算各轴功率：8

２.２.５计算各轴的转矩：8

第三章　蜗杆减速器的设计10

３.１确定蜗杆减速器的总体结构10

３.２蜗杆的设计计算12

３.２.１根据蜗杆齿面接触强度计算：12

３.２.２蜗杆的尺寸计算：14

３.３蜗轮的计算15

３.４蜗杆切向速度计算16

３.５精度等级的选择16

３.６蜗杆传动的效率计算16

３.７蜗轮弯曲疲劳强度验算17

３.８蜗杆热平衡计算18

３.９蜗杆传动的润滑19

第四章　改向箱齿轮的设计计算21

４.１材料选择21

４.２按照齿轮接触强度设计21

４.２.１确定公式中的各参数的数值：21

４.２.２设计计算：23

４.３按照齿根弯曲强度计算26

４.４几何尺寸计算27

第五章　改向箱轴的强度计算28

５.１受力计算28

５.２初步确定轴的最小直径28

５.３轴的结构设计29

５.４拟定轴上的装配方案30

５.５根据轴向定位的要求确定轴的各段直径和长度30

５.５.１确定轴的各段直径和长度：31

５.５.２轴上零件的圆周定位：31

５.６求轴上的载荷32

５.６.１水平方向的支持反力分别为，32

５.６.２垂直方向的支持反力分别为，32

５.６.３扭矩：34

５.６.５总弯矩：34

５.７按弯扭合成应力校核轴的强度34

５.８精确校核轴的疲劳强度35

５.８.１判断危险截面35

５.８.２截面Ⅴ的右侧：36

５.８.３截面Ⅴ的左侧：38

第六章经济性分析41

第七章绿色设计与生产42

７.１绿色设计产生的背景42

７.２绿色产品的含义和优点42

７. ２.１绿色产品的含义42

７.２.２绿色产品的优点：43

７.３绿色设计的主要内容43

７.４绿色设计的原则44

结论46

致谢47

参考文献48

第一章绪论

1.1项目的研究意义

20世纪70年代以来，由于工业的不断发展，废物处理场地紧张，处理费用浩大，又由于资源的缺乏，提出了“资源循环”的口号，开始从固体废物中回收资源和能源，即资源化。废旧橡胶是固体废物的一种，其来源主要是废橡胶制品，即废的轮胎、力车胎、胶管、胶带、工业杂品等；另一部分来源于橡胶制品厂生产过程中的边角、余料和废品。此外，废旧轮胎造成的环境污染是严重的：整条废轮胎堆积在一起变成了蚊虫孳生的理想场所，这些蚊虫导致脑炎等传染疾病。整条废轮胎不会自然，但是，任何想纵火的人，只要稍微借助一下助燃的东西就能引起难以扑灭的大火，可见废轮胎堆积既是危害健康的祸源，又是环境安全的定时炸弹。当然，橡胶的废与不废都是相对的，他们本身都有特定的属性和用途，都有被人类所利用以及循环利用的可能。一切所谓的“废物”只不过是物质的形态性质或者是用途发生了变化，而他们本身可以利用的属性并没有消失，只要被人们发现和利用，就能重新发挥它的作用，由“废物”变为“宝物”，而且有些东西只是在一定地点、一定的条件下，失去了它的使用价值成为了“废物”，而通过再次的加工等途径又会获得其使用价值，铲平机正是废旧轮胎回收利用过程中的一种加工设备，在目前能源日趋紧张的形废轮胎势下，铲平机回收利用废轮胎不仅可以节约资源、能源，而且对于保护环境具有重要的意义。

1.2国内外现状

废橡胶的回收利用率在近年不断的提高。其中，美国提高了90%，1992年总计利用约6800×10的四次方吨废旧轮胎，利用率为27%。原西德提高了20%～30%，1989年废轮胎的利用量为45。5×10的四次方吨，占废橡胶产生量的60%。日本提高了12%，1992年废橡胶的回收利用率为92%，中国废橡胶的回收利用率为50%。从再生资源和保护环境的观点出发，人们越来越重视废橡胶的综合利用。美国福特汽车公司和Symene公司最近联合开发出一种回收废旧汽车轮胎再加工成刹车片等汽车零件的新技术。目前全世界每天生产轮胎大约二百万只,每年全世界废弃的汽车轮胎近二点四亿只,这一方面是橡胶材料的极大浪费,一方面也对环境造成很大的破坏。美国当前也只有百分之五的废旧轮胎得到再利用。其中主要是利用热塑技术加工成地面铺设材料的筒单再利用产品,其主要原因是由于橡胶加工成型汽车轮胎后,本身的化学结构发生了根本性的变化,使再利用变得极为困难。

我国废旧轮胎回收利用现状等有关方面提供的资料初步统计,分布在全国公交、化工、冶金、煤炭、矿山、轻工、交通、物资等部门的旧轮胎翻新企业约500家,具有一定规模的轮胎修补企业约1000家,但这样的回收利用主要是重新进行化学的加工或者是轮胎修补，前者成本高、不经济，而对于后一种利用方法则是没有解决根本的问题，目前，对轮胎进行机械加工的环境保护的绿色设计，废旧轮胎这方面的设计还刚刚起步，还处于研发设计阶段，因此，铲平机的改进、设计在废旧轮胎的回收利用中将起着非常大作用，在国内有着广阔的发展前景。

1.3 铲平机的应用

铲平机是废旧轮胎回收利用中进行机械加工的重要设备，目前,在国内外是属于一种绿色的加工设备，主要是对废旧轮胎表面的一层进行铲平，再把铲平好的废旧橡胶切割成一片一片的,然后再通过钉磨机的磨削,加工成有一定斜度的橡胶片,然后再把这一小片一小片的橡胶通过挤压机挤压在一起,最后成为实心的橡胶轮胎。这种轮胎在目前在外国广泛应用于农用机车上和割草机上。铲平机结构简单，使用方便，所加工的废旧轮胎范围比较广泛，而且，此铲平机对废旧轮胎进行机械加工是一种保护环境的绿色加工，在处理废旧轮胎的各种机器的设计研究还刚刚起步，还处于研发设计阶段的今天，可以根据具体加工的废旧橡胶的实际情况，对铲平机进行简单的改进，完全可以应用于在其它废旧橡胶的加工程序中，因此，在注重节约资源和能源，保护周围环境，不断发展的今天而言，铲平机在未来的废旧轮胎的回收利用中将有十分广泛的应用领域，在国内外有着广阔的发展前景。

第二章总体设计

2.1总体布局设计

铲平机最终要实现的是通过两个齿滚的相反方向的转动使被加工的废旧橡胶轮胎绕一个圆心，呈现出圆的轨迹运动，从而实现废旧橡胶轮胎的切削加工，所以，铲平机的设计包括确定传动方案、选择电动机、合理分配传动比以及计算传动装置的运动和动力参数，为设计各级传动件和转动件创造一些必要的条件。

方案1

铲平机的机架支撑部分主要是有两部分构成的，即铲平机的机架和两个支腿，这样设计的结构虽然可以节省钢材料降低成本，但是，由于铲平机机架是由两部分连接而成的，在加工过程中所承担的振动也不同，于齿滚加工部分主要是由两个支腿来支撑，减振效果不好，所以，在实际加工时稳定性能不好，产生振动，从而影响废旧轮胎加工的质量。

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生产胶粉废旧轮胎回收利用的方向摘要：随着橡胶工业及汽车工业的发展，大量的废旧轮胎、橡胶制品及其边角废料也不断增多，据统计，我国每年仅轮胎报废量就不少于150万吨，并以每年10的速度递增。由于不能得到综合利用，大多成为工业垃圾，既浪费了大量的可用资源，又造成了环境污染。关键词：胶粉隔音壁随着橡胶工业及汽车工业的发展，大量的废旧轮胎、橡胶制品及其边角废料也不断增多，据统计，我国每年仅轮胎报废量就不少于150万吨，并以每年10的速度递增。由于不能得到综合利用，大多成为工业垃圾，既浪费了大量的可用资源，又造成了环境污染。长期以来，应用最广泛的处理废旧橡胶和废旧轮胎的方法是制造再生橡胶，但这种方法存在耗能高、劳动强度大、效率低，污染严重等问题。自七十年代以来，工业发达国家在废旧橡胶的二次利用方面有了很大的发展。尤其是九十年代以来，相继研究出常温和低温粉碎工艺制造微细硫化胶粉的方法并形成规模生产。这种精细胶粉(80-120目)是一种重要的添加剂。例如，将精细胶粉添加到天然橡胶中(一般橡胶制品的掺入量可达50)，可提高胶粉的静态性能，耐疲劳等动态性能。在德国，轮胎制品中加入20的胶粉，可提高其耐磨性，延长轮胎的使用寿命，胶粉越细，提高的幅度越大。胶粉的价格只有天然橡胶的1/3一1/2，由此可大大地降低轮胎成本。精细胶粉还可以添加到塑料中，生产出来的橡塑材料，强度高、耐磨、弹性好、扩大了塑料的应用范围。在传统的建筑材料中添加精细胶粉，可生产出防震、防裂、防漏、耐用的新品建材。虽然目前利用废旧轮胎有翻新利用、切碎做燃料用于发电、化学裂解回收炭黑和燃料油、制成胶粒等多种途径，但国际上越来越趋向于利用废旧轮胎生产胶粉。因为橡胶粉有着不可替代的优势。后者没有再生胶生产所带来的污染，也没有其他二次污染。橡胶粉最神奇的地方在于，可使废旧轮胎的利用率达到100，可以循环使用，是真正的循环利用并且可持续发展。美国的高速公路敷路材料中，规定必须在沥青中添加25以上的胶粉，可以防冻、防滑、防水塌陷，并增强路面的静态及动态强度，大大提高路面的承载能力(约4倍)。目前我国在精细胶粉生产方面还处于落后状态。据不完全统计，全国大小再生胶企业近500家，总生产能力达70万吨，产量约30万吨以上，居世界首位。我国胶粉生产厂家大约有40多家，总产量约5万吨，其生产和应用总体落后，再生橡胶尚处于主导地位。按照汽车工业“九五”规划纲要，汽车工业将逐步发展成为国民经济支柱产业，与之配套的轮胎生产也将迅猛发展，这就给胶粉市场带来了巨大的发展潜力，据调查，仅山东省的轮胎生产企业，每年所需胶粉在万吨以上，而目前基本依靠进口解决。同时随着胶粉在其他领域的应用，其市场前景是极其广阔的。我国废旧轮胎生产胶粉技术的发展: 我国胶粉生产始于80年代后期。1989年我国首次组团赴德国考察橡胶利用情况。“八五”规划中由青岛化工学院与山东高密再生胶厂、航空航天部第609研究所合作，承担原化工部下达的“低温冷冻法生产微细胶粉及其应用研究”的攻关项目，冷冻采用涡轮空气膨胀法，并于1993年通过鉴定。此后中国科学院低温工程中心、北京航空航天大学也开展了这方面研究工作。这期间，一些原生胶生产厂家利用粉研后的粗胶粉(40目左右中间产品)，经活化处理生产数量不多的活化胶粉；同时，河北、江苏、辽宁、广东、山东、浙江等一些地区先后从美国、意大利、法国、德国等国家的不同公司引进10条以上生产线及单机设备，使我国胶粉生产开始起步，但这些生产线多采用常温法生产，几乎都只能生产粗胶粉和细胶粉(60目)。为此，国内一些机械设备制造厂也开始研制采用常温制备微细胶粉的设备。1996年以后，大连、江阴、无锡、珠海、嵊州、山西等地相继试制出了橡胶粉碎机并进行小规模生产，1998年深圳东部集团建设了常温胶粉生产，1999年珠海经济特区精业机电技术研究所和青岛绿叶橡胶有限公司研制成功了液氮冷冻法（型微细胶粉生产线），为我国制造微细硫化胶粉又提供了成套设备，可以预见未来的微细胶粉生产将会有较大的发展。常温辊压法在我国普遍使用。就生产总量来说，我国的废胶粉碎生产尚以常温辊轧法为主。一般采用双沟辊粗碎、双光辊或光辊细碎。在小型企业有的采用沟光辊同时进行粗碎和细碎，当然这样做投资少、占地小，但设备安全和产量均会受到限制。国外的粗碎机一般都比国内设备大，生产效率高。近年来国内开发了一种新型盘工粉碎机，以剪切研磨为原理，齿盘耐磨，工作寿命较长，可将粒度毫米以下废胶块一次粉碎成粒度目以上。经过研究发现，一定粒度的胶粉在一定性能要求下，胶粉的掺用量受到较大限制。要提高废旧橡胶利用价值，就得对胶粉进行改性。胶粉用各种表面处理方法改性，制成活性胶粉，不但大幅度提高掺用量，而且拉伸应用、疲劳生热、耐撕裂性、耐磨耗性都有提高。活性胶粉技术的发展，扩大了胶粉代替部分生胶的应用，改善了胶料加工性，保持了掺用量胶料的性能，减少了产品性能损失，同时掺用过程不需要大量投资。目前活性胶粉有三种生产方法：机械化学法、单体、聚合物涂层法和辐射法。我国国内采用机械化学法生产活性胶粉有了长足的进步，在辐射法生产丁基再生胶和胶粉方面取得了成果，在涂层包复技术方面做了大量工作。机工化学法以其操作简单、成本低、污染小、能耗低而成为国内外活性胶粉生产的主要方法。中科院大连化学物理研究所也研制出催化剂829、改性剂869。国内用单体、聚合物处理制造活性胶粉较引人注目的是华南理工大学用5份酚醛树脂处理粒径为0.6(30目)的胶粉。据分析酚醛树脂与硫化胶粉形成了互穿网络结构，同时酚醛树脂与基质胶相互扩散，产生共交联使界面层保持了较好的粘合，构成了稳定的多相体系。废旧橡胶(轮胎)常温法精细胶粉成套生产线: 以废旧橡胶（轮胎）常温法精细胶粉成套生产线为主的浙江绿环橡胶粉体工程有限公司已经在浙江嵊州市成立。公司由浙江丰利粉碎设备有限公司、浙江天堂硅谷创业投资有限公司和嵊州市绿环机械制造有限公司联合投资创建。公司将累计投资1.5亿元建成国内最大规模的废旧轮胎常温精细粉碎设备生产基地及年产2万吨的精细橡胶粉加工示范生产线，并以此为中心，形成废旧轮胎回收处理、深加工及再生利用产业链的国家级工业园区。新创建的浙江绿环公司所拥有的成套生产线主要是由丰利公司引进德国技术研发的“废旧轮胎前处理设备”和绿环公司自主开发的“XJF型废旧橡胶常温法精细粉碎设备”相配套而成，开创了在常温条件下将废旧轮胎整胎工业化批量生产60-200目精细胶粉的先例。该常温法精细胶粉成套生产线在生产过程中仅需配备相应的供电装置和水源就可以在常温下将废旧轮胎整胎粉碎到40200目的精细胶粉，不但能使废旧轮胎面胶和钢丝、帘布脱离，从而减少了制造胶粉的工作量和脱丝分离工序，并可提高钢丝的利用价值，降低生产成本，从技术上保证了胶粉的纯度，而且生产过程无任何的二次污染。整条生产线具有设备配置合理、出胶率高、使用寿命长、动力消耗低、噪音低和自动化程度高等优点，各项技术指标完全达到甚至超过了国外的低温冷冻粉碎生产线，也优于目前国内刚刚开发成功的空气涡轮冷却制冷胶粉生产技术，设备投资仅低温冷冻粉碎生产线的1/8左右，生产成本仅1/3。该常温法精细胶粉成套生产线主要由内圈切割机、内圈搓胶机、整胎破碎机、橡胶钢丝分离机、破胶机、纤维分离机、精碎机、分级机、自动称量包装系统、动力配电系统、计算机自控系统以及相关辅助设备组成。其主要工作原理及生产流程：废轮胎内圈切割机整胎破碎机橡胶钢丝分离机橡胶钢丝分离机破胶机精碎机空分机包装机成品。在生产作业中，所有电器动力都可由计算机进行实时监控，并对全程开、关机顺序进行自动设定，真正实现了生产线的高可靠性运转；工作中需要的冷却水可循环使用；设有超细粉尘收集系统对整条生产线进行粉尘收集，真正做到“一尘不染”。生产线具有工艺路线先进，联动化、自动化程度高，生产成本低，产品质量高以及噪音低、无污染等特点，为我国常温生产精细胶粉走出了一条符合中国国情的新路子。废旧轮胎生产胶粉的市场利用空间：最近两年，胶粉工业已蓬勃发展，有关专家指出，胶粉工业代表着废旧轮胎资源综合利用的发展方向，一定会有广阔的市场前景。然而值得注意的是，胶粉工业形成伊始便陷入了一种有价无市的局面。究其原因，主要是胶粉的应用技术开发严重滞后。为此，专家们建议，胶粉工业当前的关建问题是要以市场需求为导向，以开发应用技术为手段，巩固和培育五大市场： 1、轮胎市场早在1953年，美国就把一定粒径的胶粉用于轮胎生产。1989年，青岛橡胶二厂在国内首家将胶粉直接用于轮胎生产。1995年，胶粉应用在原化工部重点厂家和一些中小企业中普及，仅69家重点厂在其生产的1870万条轮胎中掺用的胶粉就达1.7万吨。由于天然橡胶价格下降，胶粉质量不稳定等因素，1996年后胶粉在轮胎生产中的应用出现滑坡，1999年起又开始回升。目前，中科进公司等企业生产的80目以上胎面胶粉已开始取代40目、60目活化胶粉，直接应用于轮胎的生产，效果很好。“轮胎市场”需进一步巩固和拓展。 2、橡胶砖市场自1995年我国台湾省厂商的橡胶砖制品在北京展览馆展出后，北京、绍兴、福州、南京等地陆续办厂。1999年6月中国化工报关于辽宁丹东下岗夫妻成就大业，废旧轮胎脱胎换砖的报道更是轰动全国，使20多个省、市区的部分企业，个人或行业主管部门都对橡胶砖产生了浓厚的兴趣。当前，要以北京市申办2008年奥运会为契机，争取推广在体育场馆、学校、幼儿园、社区、宾馆、办公楼等地铺设橡胶砖、橡胶地板、跑道、草坪等，这样不仅能消化万吨以上胶粉，而且能进一步拓宽国内外市场。 3、高速公路市场用胶粉对沥青进行改性铺设公路应用也很广泛。中国已有一些省市如江西、湖北、广州、北京等地，相继铺设了试验路段。实践证明，用胶粉改性的沥青铺设的公路，可以减少路面龟裂和软化，路面不易结冰和打滑，提高了行驶安全性，还可以提高路面寿命，比一般的沥青路面的使用寿命至少提高了一倍。1.63公里的路面可以消耗掉1万条废轮胎。同铺设高速公路原理一样，在飞机跑道材料中掺用硫化胶粉，可增加跑道弹性和地面磨擦性，提高夏天抗日晒、冬天抗冰冻的能力。从而使飞机的起落平稳，安全可靠性提高，跑道缩短，机场使用寿命延长。 4、弹性运动场据报道一个网球场要消耗500条轮胎的胶粉，一个田径比赛用综合运动场要消耗数千条废轮胎胶粉。无疑这种运动场的发展是胶粉利用的重要途径。我国举办的亚运会田径场就是用胶料生产的塑胶跑道。 5、防水卷材市场 1986年，前苏联将胶粉成功地应用于橡胶沥青防水卷材，无机绝缘卷材和三层板材组成的隔音复合地板等建筑材料中。90年代以来，我国北方地区普遍开始把粗胶粉用于防水卷材。北京京辰工贸公司每年生产精细胶粉1000吨，用于自产的野牛牌防水卷材，并正在用80目以上精细胶粉开发建材新产品。专家的建议，政府应进一步规范建筑材料市场，促进胶粉在建筑领域中的应用。 6、隔音壁隔音壁是为了降低噪音，在住宅区沿公路、机场、建筑工地等噪音发生地所设置的隔音装置。利用胶粉制造的复合隔音壁，具有良好的噪音反射性和吸音性，而且对风化和应力具有较高的抵抗性。其单位面积重量轻，运输、组装、解体容易。废旧轮胎生产胶粉企业需要政策扶持北京泛洋伟业科技有限公司是一家废旧橡胶回收利用的高新技术企业，曾经红红火火。由于得不到国家政策扶植，再加上市场混乱，企业生产难以为继，被迫停产了。该公司于2000年5月在北京远郊区投资建设年产1万吨精细胶粉生产基地，2001年5月完成第一期5000吨生产线设备安装调试，投入正式生产并向国内外客户供货。产品为80-200目精细胶粉，是国内外同行公认的唯一一家能够在常温下工业化批量生产200目超细橡胶粉的厂家。该生产线从废胎投入到精细胶粉成品的包装，连续自动化生产，经粗碎、中碎、除杂（金属、纤维）、专用粉碎助剂处理、精碎、分级等程序，全线各工艺技术指标在中央计算机集中控制室的监控下进行全自动运行，是国内同行业第一条全自动计算机集中控制精细胶粉生产线，生产规模也名列全国同行业前矛。该公司常温助剂法制精细胶粉，开创了工业化批量生产200目以上（粒径75m以下）的精细胶粉、超细胶粉，使废旧轮胎再利用产品向更高附加值方向直至橡胶纳米材料迈进了一大步。这些超细胶粉在新型橡塑共混材料、新型建筑装饰材料、特种喷涂、改性沥青用于高速公路等新材料开发方面，有着广阔的前景。由于废旧橡胶回收利用行业的混乱，国家在这一领域又没有明确的政策规定，这家企业在挣扎了4年之后，被迫停产。一是高税率使企业陷入严重亏损。由于废旧轮胎都是从进城收废品的农民手中购买，无法取得增值税发票，企业要全部负担销售额17%的增值税。环保型废弃物再利用企业与机械、化工等其它制造业抵扣进项税后的6%实际增值税相比，实际税赋是他们的几倍。高昂的废旧轮胎收购成本和高额税收，已经使产品成本高于发达国家的同类产品。二是环保型再生资源产品的利用缺乏政策支持。胶粉作为无污染的再生资源，其应用利国利民，理应得到政府的大力支持，但目前由于政策方面的障碍，很难在国内市场推广。有关人士呼吁，希望政府能制定一项切实可行的措施，对废旧轮胎再生处理企业实行“国民待遇”。诸如调整废旧轮胎胶粉生产加工，资源再利用企业的增值税征收办法；制定鼓励各行各业使用橡胶资源再利用产品的政策等等，只有政策真正到位，才能使这些企业起死回生，也才能够真正实现旧轮胎资源化的持续发展道路。参考文献：1、聂永丰等三废处理工程技术手册北京化学工业出版社 2000 2、废变宝公司简论我国废旧橡胶粉现状与未来再生资源研究 2001Produce the gum powder- discard the direction that old tire recover exploitationSummary:Along with rubber industry and industrial development in cars, discard a flood ofly the old one , rubber product and its side Cape waste also increases continuously, according to covariance, our country annually only the tire discards the deal little less than 1,500,000 ton, and pass to increase with every year 10% speed.Because canting be synthesized the exploitation, become the industry garbage mostly, since wasted a flood of using the resources, resulting in the pollution of the environment again.Key phrase:Soundproof wall in powder in gumAlong with rubber industry and industrial development in cars, discard a flood ofly the old one , rubber product and its side Cape waste also increases continuously, according to covariance, our country annually only the tire discards the deal little less than 1,500,000 ton, and pass to increase with every year 10% speed.Because canting be synthesized the exploitation, become the industry garbage mostly, since wasted a flood of using the resources, resulting in the pollution of the environment again.For long time, the application handles to discard the old rubber most extensively with discard the method of the old tire is to makes the reborn rubber, but this kind of method exsits consume can high, labor the strength is big, the efficiency is low, polluting serious etc. problem. Since 70s, the industry prospers there is in the aspects of discarding the old rubber to make use of two times very big development in nation.Is since 90s particularly, study one after another a method for the normal temperature smashes with the low temperature the very small sulphur of manufacturing of craft turns the gum powder combine the formation scale produces.This kind of fine gum powder(80-120 eyes) is a kind of important additive.For example, increase the fine gum powder to crude rubber inside( general the rubber products of add the deal can amount to 50%), can increase the function of the gum powder, bear the dynamic function in tired etc.Join 20% gum powder in Germany, tire product, can increase its bear to whet the sex, the service life of the extension tire, the gum powder is more thin, the elevated range is more big.The price of the gum powder only contain crude rubber of 1/3 a 1/2, can lower the tire cost consumedly from here.The fine gum powder can also increase the plastics inside, the material of rubber that produce out, the strength is high, bear to whet, the flexibility was good and extended the application of the plastics.Increase the fine gum powder in traditional building material, can produce the quakeproof, defend the split , leakproof, new article in heavy duty building materials. Although the current exploitation discards the old tire turns over the new exploitation and cut to pieces to do the fuel useds for generating electricity, chemistry split solution recovery the carbon is black with fuel oil, make into gum an etc. various paths, international incline toward more and more up the exploitation discard old tire produce gum powder.Because the advantage that rubber powder have got and cant act for.The latter has no reborn the pollution that gum bring when producing, also having no the other polluting two times.The most miraculous place in powder in rubber consists in, can make utilization that discard the old tire attained 100%, can circulate the usage, is a real circulating exploitation and can keep on the development.The superhighway road material inside of the United States, provision must at increase 25% in the pitch above of gum powder, can defend the jelly, antiskid, the watertightness falls to sink, and strengthen quiet and dynamic strengths of the road, improves consumedly the loading ability of the road.( roughly 4 times) The current our country still is placed in to fall behind the appearance in the aspects of fine gum powder producing.According to statistics incompletely, the reborn gum in national size business enterprise is near 500 house, the total production ability amount to 1,000,000 yields are roughly ten thousand tons are above, residing the world first.There are about more than 40 houses in our country gum powder production factory house, total yield roughly 50,000 ton, its production with apply the total falling behind, the reborn rubber is placed in still predominant position. Program the outline according to the car industry9 5, the car industry will develop to become the national economy a pillar industry gradually, producing with its the tire of the kit too fast fierce development, this brought the gum powder market the enormous development potential, according to inquisition, only the tire of the province of Shandong produces business enterprise, every year the gum powder needed at ten thousand ton above, but current basic depend on to import the solution.At the same time along with gum powder application in other realm, its market foreground is very and vast. The our country discards the old tire produces the technical development in powder in gum:The our country gum powder produces to begin from the period after 80s.Our country in 1989 first time a regiment leaves for Germany investigates the rubber makes use of the circumstance.The 8 5 programming inside be turned by Qingdao the faculty of engineering cooperates with reborn gum in high dense in Shandong factory, aviation boat a the 609 graduate schools, undertaking the original chemical engineering subordinate reach of low temperature refrigeration the method produces very small gum powder and its application studies of offending and closing item, refrigeration adoption turbine air inflation method, and pass to authenticate in 1993.The henceforth Chinese section college low temperature engineering center, Peking an university also opened the exhibition this aspect the research the work.This period, the some is original to living the factory house that gum produce big gum powder(40 eyes or so in the center product) makes use of the powder grind empress, through activate to handle the production quantity activate the gum powder not much;At the same time, some region in north, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Guangdong, Shandong, etc. of Zhejiang in river successively from the United States, Italy, France, Germany.etc. nation of the different company ushers in more than 10 production lines and single machine equipmentses, make our country gum powder produced to start the start, but these production lineses adopt normal temperature method more to produce, almost can produce the big gum powder with the thin gum powder.(60 eyes)For this, the local and some machine equipments manufactory also starts normal temperature system that researching to manufacture and adopting the equipments has the very small gum powder.1996 hereafter, Dalian, rivers, have no tin, bead sea, mountain west etc. ground to manufacture one after another on a trial basis the rubber smashes the machine combines the proceeding small scale produces,1998 Shenzhen eastern region group developments normal temperature gum the powder produces,1999 bead sea economy with area industry machine electricity technique the graduate school researched to manufacture to succeed the liquid nitrogen the refrigeration method( very small gum in the type of powder production line) with the greenery rubber limited company of Qingdao, making for the our country the very small sulphur turned the gum powder to provide again an equipments, can foresee the future and very small gum the powder production will have the bigger development. The normal temperature presses the method in the widespread usage in our country.In regard to produce gross measures, the discarding of our country gum smash the production to regard normal temperature method as principle still.The general adoption a ditch is ground, a light or light are thin ground.The business enterprise in small scaled adoption ditch light have to proceed the big at the same time ground with thin ground, do like this the investment certainly little, cover small, but the equipments safety all will suffer the restrict with the yield.The ground machine in big of the abroad is bigger than local equipments generally and all, produce the efficiency high. In recent years local development a kind of new dish work smashes the machine, regarding shearing to slice to grind as the principle, the dish of bears to whet, working the life span is longer, can is 4 millimeters of a degree below discard the gum piece is a to smash a degree 80 eyes are above.Discovers through the research, the certain a the dosage of mix for of gum powder at certain function requesting bottom, gum powder suffers the big restrict.Toes increases to discard the old rubber make use of the value, having to proceed to change the sex to the gum powder.The gum powder handles with every kind of surface the method changes the sex, making into the live gum powder, not only significant increase mix dosage, and pull to stretch the application, fatigue livings hot, bear to tear to pieces the sex and bear to wear sex all contain exaltation.Technical development in powder in live gum, extend the gum powder replace the part livings the gluey application, improving the gum anticipate to process the sex, keeping function that mix dosage gum anticipate, reduce the product function lose, the mix does not need to pump capital into with the process at the same time. Current live gum powder contain three kinds of productions method:The machine chemistry method, single, polymer draws the layer method with radiates method.The our country domestic adoption machine chemistry method produces live gum powder contain substantial advance, at radiate the method produced the reborn gum in foundation in D to obtain the result with the gum powder, at draw the layer pack reply the technique did large quantity the work.The domestic handles with the single, polymer live gum in manufacturing powder than the eye-catcher is a gum powder that hua south science and engineering university handles a path as with 5 fens resin 0.6 (thirty eyes).According to analyze the resin of fen turn with sulphur the gum powder becomes to wear the network construction with each other, the resin of fen spread with foundation quality gum mutually at the same time, producing to hand over totally the unite make interface layer keeps to glue to match betterly, constituting much more stable mutually system. Discard the fine gum in method in normal temperature in old rubber( tire) powder a production lineThen discard the fine gum in method in normal temperature in old rubber( tire) powder a production line is the green wreath in main Zhejiang rubber powder engineering limited company have established in the state City of Zhejiang.The company be smashed by plentiful benefit in Zhejiang equipments limited company, Zhejiang heaven the gui valley starts a business to invest the limited company to make with the green wreath in the state City of machine the limited company unites the investment creates to set up.The company invest the total amount 150,020,000 0% domestics discard most large-scalely the old tire normal temperature fine smashes the equipments produces base and years produce 2 ten thousand the fine rubber powders of tons process to demonstrate the production line, and regard this as the center, the formation discards the old tire recovery handles, deep process and the rebirth makes use of the national class industrial park of the industry chain.It is new to create the green wreath in Zhejiang company that set up owns of a production line primarily be ushered in by plentiful benefit company German technique development of before discarding the old tire handle the equipments with green wreath company independence development of XJF type discards the old rubber normal temperature method fine smashes the equipments match each other a set of but, founded to under the normal temperature term will discard old tire whole embryo the industrialization the batch quantity produce 60-200 the precedent of fine gum in eyes powders. Fine gum in the normal temperatures method powder a production line needs only in production line the power supply of the equipment cowgirl equips with the headwaters can under the normal temperature will discard old tire whole embryo smash 40 200 fine gum in purposes powder, not only can make discard the old tire gum to escape from with the steel wire, the cloth of curtain , from but reduced the workload of the manufacturing gum powder with take off the silk separate the work preface, combining can increase the exploitation of the steel wire value, lower the production cost, from the technique the pure degree that guaranteed the gum powder, but also the production line has no the any polluting two times.Whole production line has the equipments installs reasonable, a gum rate is high, the service life is long, the motive consumes low, the noise is low with automate the high etc. in degree advantage, various techniques index sign attains completely even exceed the low temperature of the abroad refrigeration smash the production line, and also better than current domestic just develop successful air turbine cool off cold gum in system powder produce technique, equipments investment only low temperature refrigeration smash the production linear 1/8 or so, the production cost is only 1/3. Fine gum in the normal temperatures method powder a production line is main to be incised by inside turn the machine, inside turn rubs the gum machine, whole the crusher of embryo , rubber steel wire separates the machine and break the gum machine, fiber separates the ground machine, ratings in machine, machine and measure to pack automatically the system, motive goes together with to give or get an electric shock the system, calculator from control system and related assistance equipmentses constitute.Its main work principle and produce process:Discard the tire turn inside the incise machine whole embryo crusher rubber steel wire separates the machine rubber steel wire separates the machine breaks the empty extension in in ground machine in in machine in gum packer the finished product. In produce homework, all electric appliances motive can be proceeded by calculator the solid hour supervises and control, and open, shut down to the whole distance the sequence proceed the auto enactment, real realizes the production linear and high and dependable revolves;The cooling water needed in the work can circulate the usage;Establish the super and thin powder dust collections system to proceed to whole production line the powder dust collect, real attain the spotless.The production line has the craft route forerunner, the unite moves to turn, the automation degree is high, the production cost is low, the product quantity is high and low and free from pollution etc. in noise characteristics, produce for the our country normal temperature the fine gum powder came out a new road for matching Chinese state of the nation son. The old tire that discard the market produces the gum powder makes use of the spaceRecent two years, the gum powder industry is already booming to develop, the relevant expert points out, the gum powder industry represents the old tire resources that discard the development direction synthesizes the exploitation, thering will be the vast market foreground certainly.However worthy of remark is, the gum powder industry formation start and then sank into a kind of price that have the situation have no the municipal.Investigate its reason, is the serious in development in applied technique empress of the gum powder primarily.For this, experts suggest, the current pass in industry in powder in gum sets up the problem wants with the market requires with for lead to, with development applied technique for means, make stronger with grow five greatest markets: 1, tire marketAs early as 1953, the United States used for the tire production to certain the gum powder of a path.In 1989, the rubber of Qingdao two factories used for gum powder to tire production directly at the local a house.In 1995, the gum powder applies in original chemical engineering a point factory house with some the small business enterprise is inside universal, only 69 points factory is in its production of 18,717,000th the gum powder that mix use amount to 1.7 ten thousand ton.Because the crude rubber price descends, unsteady etc. in quantity in powder in gum factor,1996 empress gum powder is in tire produce of the application appears the slippery , rises to start backing up again in 1999.Current, the inside section enters company etc. business enterprise produces of 880 eyes above the embryo gum powder has started replacing 40 eyes,60 eyes activate the gum powder, applying directly in the production of the tire, effective. After 1995 our country the rubber brick of the Taiwan factory products at Peking exhibits the building exhibition, Peking, Shaoxing, Fuzhou, Nanking.etc. ground does the factory continuously.Chinese chemical engineering in in June in 1999 report concerning Liaoning east is unemployeed the big industry in husband and wife achievement, discarding the old tire take off the report way that embryo change the brick also cause a sensation the whole country, make more than twenty? Olympic game for chance, fight for to expand at stadium building, school, infant park, community, guest house, transact floor etc. ground build rubber brick, rubber floor, runway, lawn.etc., like this can not only digest ten thousand above gum powder in tonses, but also out country? 3, superhighway marketUse the gum powder to proceed to change to the pitch the sex build highway application too very extensive.There is already some city,such as rivers west, Hubei, Guangzhou, Peking.etc. ground, in China, building one after another on trial road segment.Practice the proof, change the highway that sexual pitch build with the gum powder, can reduce the road cracked with soften, the road freezes not easily with beat slippery, increases to drive the safety, can also increases road life span, compare the service life of the general pitch road to increases at least a times.1.63 kilometers of of the road can consume 10,000 discard the tire.Build the superhighway principle together similar, in runway material the mix turns the gum powder with the sulphur, canning increase the runway flexibility to rub the sex with the ground, improving the ability that summer anti- insolation, winter anti- keep in deep freeze.From but make rise and fall aeroly steady, the safe and dependable increases, the runway shortens, airport service life extension. 4, flexibility athletic fieldWant to consume 500 gums of tire powder according to report an a tennis court, a track and field events uses to synthesize the athletic field wants to consume several thousand discard the tire gum powder.Doubtless the development of this kind of athletic field is an important path that gum powder make use of.The Asian Games farmland path a the runway of plastics for is with the gum anticipating production that our country hold. 5, waterproof a material marketIn 1986, the former Soviet Union is successfully applied gum powder in rubber pitch waterproof a material, have no the machine insulates a material with three lamination materials constitute of soundproof reunite floor etc. building material inside.Since 90s, the widespread beginning in northern region in our country used for the big gum powder waterproof a material.Every year of Peking city work tage company produces the fine gum powder 1000 ton, used for the self-producting gaur card the waterproof a material, and at use 80 eyes above fine gum powder development new product in building materials.The experts suggestion, government should further norm building material market, promote the gum powder at construct the application in the realm. 6, soundproof wallSoundproof wall is for lowering the noise, the at home District road , Making use of the gum powder makes of reunite the soundproof wall, have the good noise glint with the , and to morals and custom with should the dint have the higher holdout.Its unit area weight is light, conveyance, assemble, disintegration is easy. Discarding the old tire produces the gum powder business enterprise demand policy supportsThe ocean industry technology limited company of Peking is a the house discard the high and new technique business enterprise that old rubber recovery make use of, ever red and red fire fire.Because canning not get the national policy props up, plusing the market confusion, the business enterprise produces hard for after, compelled stop production.That company produces in year in developments in investment in far suburban area in Peking in 2000 May 10,000 fine gum in tons powders produce the base, completing May in 2001 Issue 1 5000 ton production line equipments gearings adjust to try, throwing in the formality produces to combine to provide to domestic and international customer goods.Product is 80-200 fine gum in eyes powder, is a domestic and international going together generally accepted and unique a the house can under the normal temperature industrialize the batch quantity produce 200 the factory house of super and thin rubber in eyes powders.That production line from discard the embryo throw in to the packing of the fine gum powder finished product, continuing the automation produce, is ground through the big , ground, divided by miscellaneous( metals, fiber), the appropriation smashes to help a handles, the is ground, ratings etc. procedure, each craft of whole line technique index sign concentrates in the central calculator the control room supervises and control the bottom proceeds the full-automatic movement, ising a domestic to go together the industry a full-automatic calculator concentrates fine gum in control powder production line, production scale too a row whole country goes together the ex- pike in industry. The companys normal temperature helps a fine gum in legal system powder, founding the industrialization batch quantity produce 200 eyes are above( a path 75 m below) of fine gum powder, super and thin gum powder, make discard the old tire make use of again the product kept toward higher and additional and worth direction to the rubber rice material to move forward a major step.These super and thin gumses powder have got the vast foreground in the aspects of new rubber the material of mix , new building decorating totally material, special kind spraying to draw, change sex pitch useding for the new material in etc. in superhighway the development. Because discarding the old rubber recovery make use of the profession confusion, ining this realm there is again no clear and definite policy in nation to rule, this business enterprise is after struggling four years, it is compelled to stop production.While ising a high tax rate make the business enterprise sink into the serious deficiency.Because discarding the old tire is all to purchases from went into the city the farmer hand that accept discard the article, cant obtain the added value tax invoice, the business enterprise want all supports sale sum 17% added value tax.The environmental protection type wastes makes use of again the business enterprise arrives with other manufacturing industry in machine, chemical engineering.etc. to button up the after-tax actual added value tax in 6% in income compares, the actual tax law is several of times.The high discards the old tire procure the cost with the high sum revenue from tax, having made product cost higher than prosper the national of the same kind product.Two is the exploitation of the reborn resources in type in environmental protection product to lack the policy support.The gum powder is used as the free from pollution and reborn resources, its applied benefit country benefit people, should get to support strongly governmentally, but current because of the obstacle of the policy, very difficult expand in the local market. Appeal concerning the personage, hope that the government can establish a the item slices the solid viable measure, to discard the old tire rebirth handles the business enterprise practices the citizens treatment.Discard such as the adjustment the old tire gum powder produce to process, the resources makes use of again the added value tax of the business enterprise collects the way;The establishment encouragement every trade uses the rubber resources again make use of the policy etc. of the product, only have the real policy, then can make these business enterpriseses come back from the brink of death, and also talent enough real realize the old tire recycling keep on developping road.Consult cultural heritage:1, the Lie Yong is plentiful to wait three discard to handle engineering technical manual Peking chemistry industry publishing house 20002, discard to change the treasure company Chien talk about the our country discards the old rubber powder present condition studies with future and reborn resources 2001废旧橡胶的综合利用摘要综述了国内外废旧橡胶综合利用技术及其应用，并对各种应用技术进行了分类，比较了各种技术的优劣，着重介绍了胶粉的制造技术及其应用，指出了今后废橡胶综合利用的发展趋势。关键词废旧橡胶再生胶胶粉综合利用废旧橡胶是指被更换下来的各种橡胶制品以及橡胶制品生产过程中产生的边角料和废料。其处理工艺，20世纪90年代初主要是掩埋或堆放。随着经济的不断发展，废旧橡胶的数量不断增加，公众的环境保护意识亦逐渐增强，废旧橡胶的利用日益受到重视。如何将废旧橡胶资源化、减量化、无害化，不仅关系到环境保护这个重要的社会问题，而且关系到持续发展这一全球性的战略问题。目前，废旧橡胶的综合利用途径主要有翻新、原形改制、热能利用、再生胶、胶粉、热分解等。下面将分别论述废旧橡胶综合利用的各种途径：1.翻新翻新是利用废旧轮胎的主要方式和最佳选择。轮胎翻新最早起始于1907年的英国，1993年后传入中国。传统的翻新工艺是热硫化法，该法目前仍是我国翻新业的主导工艺，但在美国、法国、日本等发达国家已逐渐遭淘汰。最先进的翻新工艺是环状胎面预硫化法，由意大马朗贡尼（Marangoni）集团于上世纪70年代研发，并于1973年投放市场。近年来崛起的后起之秀米其林轮胎翻新技术公司，拥有两项专利技术，即：预硫化翻新技术和热硫化翻新技术。美国30%以上的废旧载重轮胎得到翻新，欧共体规定2000年废旧轮胎25%必须得到翻新，而我国与先进国粗存在较大的差距，目前得到翻新的废旧轮胎还不到10%。2. 原形改制原形改制是通过捆绑、裁剪、冲切等方式，将废旧橡胶改造成有利用价值的物品。最常见的是用作码头和船舶的护舷、沉入海底充当人工鱼礁、用作航标灯的漂浮灯塔等。美国每年产生的废旧轮胎2.54亿条，通过原形改制的可使其中的500600万条变废为宝。日本有人发明了用废旧轮胎固坡的技术。法国技术人员用废旧轮胎建筑“绿色消音墙”使用证明吸音效果极佳，音频在2502000Hz的噪音可被吸收掉85%。与其他综合利用途径相比，原形改制是一种非常有价值的回收利用方法，在耗费能源和人工较少的情况下，可使废旧橡胶物尽其用，而且给人们提供了充分发挥想象力的窨以及大胆实践的机会。但该方消耗的废旧橡胶量较少，且在利用时影响环境美化，所以只能当作一种辅助途径。美国plant公司，在废旧橡胶再利用的开发工程中，研究出用废旧橡胶制造出实心橡胶轮胎，主要制造加工过程是把废旧橡胶轮胎磨损、破坏的表面的一层进行铲平，再把铲平好的废旧橡胶切割成一片一片的橡胶块,然后通过钉磨机的磨削,再加工成有一定斜度的橡胶片,然后再把这钉磨后的一小片一小片橡胶块，通过挤压机挤压在一起,最后成为实心的橡胶轮胎.目前这种实心轮胎主要应用在农用机械和割草机上。目前,在国内外铲平机也是属于一种绿色的加工设备，是废旧轮胎回收利用中进行机械加工的重要设备之一，.铲平机结构简单,使用方便,所加工的废旧轮胎范围比较广泛。正式由于铲平机对轮胎进行机械加工是一种保护环境的绿色加工，在处理废旧轮胎的各种机器

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