简易数字示波器设计方案.docx

简易数字示波器设计方案1课题任务利用单片机和12864液晶显示器，制作简易数字示波器。要求如下：(1) 显示器显示频率范围050HZ（2）示波器的输入阻抗为100K（3）示波器的输入信号范围:-55V（4）测量显示被测信号的频率（周期）、峰值（有效值）参考方案如下：图 Error! No text of specified style in document.-1 总体设计结构2 设计方案选择2.1显示器选择方案带中文字库的12864每屏可显示4行8列共32个1616点阵的汉字，每个显示RAM可显示1个中 文字符或2个168点阵全高ASCII码字符，即每屏最多可实现32个中文字符或64个ASCII码字符的显示。带中文字库的128X64-0402B内部提供1282字节的字符显示RAM缓冲区（DDRAM）。字符显示是通过将字符显示编码写入该字符显示RAM实现的。根据写入内容的不同，可分别在液晶屏上显示CGROM（中文字库）、HCGROM（ASCII码字库）及CGRAM（自定义字形）的内容。三种不同字符/字型的选择编码范围为：00000006H（其代码分别是0000、0002、0004、0006共4个）显示自定义字型，02H7FH显示半宽ASCII码字符，A1A0HF7FFH显示8192种GB2312中文字库字形。字符显示RAM在液晶模块中的地址80H9FH。字符显示的RAM的地址与32个字符显示区域有着一一对应的关系，其对应关系如下表所示。12864显示器 图2-12.2 单片机芯片选择方案STC12C5A60S2是STC生产的单时钟/机器周期（1T）的单片机，是高速、低功耗、超强抗干扰的新一代8051单片机，指令代码完全兼容传统8051，但速度快8-12倍。内部集成MAX810专用复位电路，2路PWM，8路高速10位A/D转换，针对电机控制，强干扰场合。STC12C5A60S2图2-22.3 TL082双运放选择方案 运放电路是对输入的波形进行进一步的放大，已达到单片机的要求波形，以便对波形进行采集，从而达到设计目的，减少误差。3 硬件设计3.1 系统连接图总体电路设计结构如图3-1所示 总设计图3-13.2 键盘扫描电路的设计总体电路结构如下 图3-2 按键 图3-2由于设计的是示波器，在示波器显示波形的时候需要对波形的幅度频率进行调整，所以设计键盘对波形进行调整。按扭作用四个按钮分别对应频率和幅度的加减调节，X轴减调节是减少频率，X轴加调节是增加频率，Y轴减调节是减少幅度，Y轴加调节是增加幅度。3.3 振荡复位电路总体电路结构如图3-3所示 振荡复位电路图3-3时钟振荡电路用于产生单片机正常工作时所需要的时钟信号，电路由两个30pF的瓷片电容和一个12MHz的晶振组成，并接入到单片机的XTAL1和XTAL2引脚处，使单片机工作于内部振荡模式。此电路在加电后延迟大约10ms振荡器起振，在XTAL2引脚产生幅度为3V左右的正弦波时钟信号，其振荡频率主要由石英晶振的频率决定。电路中两个电容C1、C2的作用使电路快速起振，提高电路的运行速度。复位电路复位电路的基本功能是：系统上电时提供复位信号，直至系统电源稳定后，撤销复位信号。为可靠起见，电源稳定后还要经一定的延时才撤销复位信号，以防电源开关或电源插头分-合过程中引起的抖动而影响复位.3.4最小系统 最小系统 图3-43.5 STC内部AD采集STC12C5A60S2单片机有8路10位高速AD转换器,P10-P17涉及寄存器：P1ASF(模拟功能控制寄存器)、ADC_CONTR(ADC控制寄存器) 、ADC_RES、ADC_RESL(转换结果寄存器)。注意: 1、初次打开内部A/D模拟电源需适当延时等内部模拟电源稳定后,再启动A/D转换，启动A/D后,在转换结束前不改变任何I/O口的状态,有利于高精度A/D转换，若能将定时器/串行/中断系统关闭更好。2、A/D转换模块使用的时钟为内部R/C振荡器所产生的系统时钟3、由于使用两套时钟,设置好ADC_CONTR后要加4个空延时操作才可以正确读到ADC_CONTR寄存器的值3.6 双运放电路总体电路结构如图3-5所示运放电路 图3-54 软件设计4.1 程序设计流程如下图4-1所示 设计流程 图4-14.2 STC12C5A60S2内部AD程式#include #include #include lcd.h#define ADC_POWER 0x80 /AD电源控制#define ADC_START 0x08 /AD转换控制#define ADC_FLAG 0x10 /AD转换完成#define Speed_0 0x00 /540 clk#define Speed_1 0x20 /360 clk#define Speed_2 0x40 /180 clk#define Speed_3 0x60 /90 clk#define ADC0 0x00 /P1.0#define ADC1 0x01 /P1.1#define ADC2 0x02 /P1.2#define ADC3 0x03 /P1.3#define ADC4 0x04 /P1.4#define ADC5 0x05 /P1.5#define ADC6 0x06 /P1.6#define ADC7 0x07 /P1.7void AD_init(void);double Result_Calculate(void);void SendData( uchar byte );/*/ A/D初始化 /*/void AD_init(void) AUXR1 = 0x04; /转换结果高2位放在ADC_RES的低2位中,低8位放在ADC_RESL中 P1ASF = 0x01; /P1.0口作为模拟功能A/D使用 ADC_RES = 0x00; /结果清零 ADC_RESL = 0x00; ADC_CONTR = ADC_POWER|Speed_2|ADC0|ADC_START; /打开电源,180CLK周期转换,选择P1.0作输入 _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); EADC = 1; /允许A/D转换中断 EA = 1; /开总中断/*/ 串口初始化 / /*/void UART_init(void) SM0 = 0; /选择串口为方式1工作 SM1 = 1; /8位数据波特率可变 REN = 1; BRT = 0xDC; AUXR = 0x15; /选择独立波特率发生器为串行 /口的波特率发生器,模式为1T/*/ 转换结果计算 /*/double Result_Calculate(void) uint temp; double result; temp = ADC_RES * 256 + ADC_RESL; result = temp * 4.94 / 1024; return result; /*/ 串口发送数据 /*/void SendData( uchar byte ) SBUF = byte; while(!TI); TI = 0; /*/ 主程序 /*/void main() Init_LCD(); AD_init(); UART_init(); while(1);/*/ A/D中断服务 /*/void AD_Service(void) interrupt 5 ADC_CONTR &= !ADC_FLAG; /清标志 Printf_Decimal(Result_Calculate(); ADC_RES = 0x00; ADC_RESL = 0x00; ADC_CONTR = ADC_POWER|Speed_2|ADC_START; /开始下一次转换 _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_(); _nop_();#include #include #define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intsbit PSB = P04; /串/并行接口选择 1-并行 0-串行sbit RS = P07; /并行数据/命令选择,串行片选 0-指令 1-数据sbit RW = P06; /并行读写选择 0-写 1-读 串行数据口sbit E = P05; /并行使能, 串行同步时钟void Delay_ms( uint time ); /延时uchar Busy(void); /读忙uchar Read_Status(void);/读状态uchar Read_Date(void); /读数据void Write_Cmd( uchar cmd ); /写命令void Write_Date( uchar date );/写数据void Init_LCD(void);/初始化LCDvoid Location( uchar x, uchar y );/设定显示位置void Clear_Screen(void);/清屏void Write_str( uchar *p );void Printf_Decimal(double Num); #include lcd.hextern void SendData( uchar byte );4.3 主程式#includestc12c5a60s2.h#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned int sbit busy=P07; sbit rw=P36;sbit rs=P37;sbit en=P35;uint data ADC_RES_DATA;uint pdata a128;uchar ad_t,ad_min,ad_max,max,min,num,windows,heng,zong,ab,num_1,num_k; uint ad_pp,freq;uchar code 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0x01,0x00,0x40,0xC0,0x00,0x03,0x80,0x00,0x00,0x20,0x8B,0xE7,0xC0,0x00,0x11,0x7C,0x01,0x00,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00;void delay1ms(uint t) /延迟1/12MSuint i,j;i=0;for(i=0;it;i+)for(j=0;j64;j+);void lcd_busy(void)P0=0xff;rs=0;rw=1;en=1;while(busy=1);en=0;void delay(uint t)while(t-);void lcd_wcmd(uchar wcmd)/写命令lcd_busy();rs=0;rw=0;P0=wcmd;en=1;en=0; void lcd_wdat(uchar dat)/写数据lcd_busy();rs=1;rw=0;P0=dat;en=1;en=0; uchar lcd_rdat(void)/读数据uchar rdat;lcd_busy();P0=0xff;rs=1;rw=1;en=1;en=1;rdat=P0;en=0;return rdat;void showgroup(uchar x,uchar y,uchar *p) /写字符串switch(y)case 1:lcd_wcmd(0x80+x-1);break;case 2:lcd_wcmd(0x90+x-1);break;case 3:lcd_wcmd(0x88+x-1);break;case 4:lcd_wcmd(0x98+x-1);break;default:break;while(*p)lcd_wdat(*p+);void lcd_init(void)/LCd初始化lcd_wcmd(0x30);lcd_wcmd(0x0c);lcd_wcmd(0x01);lcd_wcmd(0x06);delay(1000);void clear_draw(void) /GDRAM清0 uchar i,j,k;lcd_wcmd(0x34); /打开扩展指令集i = 0x80; for(j = 0;j 32;j+) lcd_wcmd(i+); lcd_wcmd(0x80); for(k = 0;k 16;k+) lcd_wdat(0x00); i = 0x80; for(j = 0;j 32;j+) lcd_wcmd(i+); lcd_wcmd(0x88); for(k = 0;k 16;k+) lcd_wdat(0x00); lcd_wcmd(0x36); /打开绘图显示lcd_wcmd(0x30); /回到基本指令集void draw_pic(uchar *pic) /GDRAM清0 uchar i,j,k;lcd_wcmd(0x34); /打开扩展指令集i = 0x80; for(j = 0;j 32;j+) lcd_wcmd(i+); lcd_wcmd(0x80); for(k = 0;k 16;k+) lcd_wdat(*pic+); i = 0x80; for(j = 0;j 32;j+) lcd_wcmd(i+); lcd_wcmd(0x88); for(k = 0;k 4;tier_b=x&0x0f;if(y32)row=y; else row=y-32;tier+=8;lcd_wcmd(row+0x80);lcd_wcmd(tier+0x80);lcd_rdat();readh=lcd_rdat();readl=lcd_rdat();lcd_wcmd(row+0x80);lcd_wcmd(tier+0x80);if(tier_b8)readh|=(0x01(7-tier_b); elsereadl|=(0x01(15-tier_b);lcd_wdat(readh);lcd_wdat(readl);lcd_wcmd(0x30);void adc_pow_on()ADC_CONTR=ADC_CONTR|0xe0;delay1ms(12);void adc_chang()delay1ms(1);ADC_RES=0x00;ADC_RESL=0x00;ADC_CONTR=ADC_CONTR|0x08;while(ADC_CONTR&0x10)=0);ADC_CONTR=ADC_CONTR&0xe7;ADC_RES_DATA=(ADC_RES*4+ADC_RESL);void draw_0(uchar x,uchar y) /画0 uchar i;for(i=0;i3;i+)draw_point(x+i,y);draw_point(x+i,y+4);for(i=0;i4;i+)draw_point(x,y+1+i);draw_point(x+2,y+1+i);void draw_1(uchar x,uchar y)uchar i;for(i=0;i5;i+) draw_point(x+1,y+i);void draw_2(uchar x,uchar y)uchar i;for(i=0;i3;i+) draw_point(x+i,y);draw_point(x+i,y+4);draw_point(x+2-i,y+1+i);void draw_3(uchar x,uchar y) uchar i;for(i=0;i3;i+) draw_point(x+i,y);draw_point(x+i,y+2);draw_point(x+i,y+4); draw_point(x+2,y+1);draw_point(x+2,y+3);void draw_4(uchar x,uchar y)uchar i;for(i=0;i2;i+) draw_point(x,y+1+i);for(i=0;i5;i+) draw_point(x+1,y+i); draw_point(x+2,y+2);void draw_5(uchar x,uchar y)uchar i;for(i=0;i3;i+) draw_point(x+i,y);draw_point(x+i,y+2);draw_point(x+i,y+4); draw_point(x,y+1);draw_point(x+2,y+3);void draw_6(uchar x,uchar y)uchar i;for(i=0;i3;i+) draw_point(x+i,y);draw_point(x+i,y+2);draw_point(x+i,y+4); draw_point(x,y+1);draw_point(x+2,y+3);draw_point(x,y+3);void draw_7(uchar x,uchar y)uchar i;for(i=0;i3;i+) draw_point(x+i,y);for(i=0;i4;i+) draw_point(x+2,y+1+i);void draw_8(uchar x,uchar y)uchar i;for(i=0;i5;i+) draw_point(x,y+i);draw_point(x+2,y+i);draw_point(x+1,y);draw_point(x+1,y+2);draw_point(x+1,y+4);void draw_9(uchar x,uchar y)uchar i;for(i=0;i3;i+) draw_point(x,y+i);draw_point(x+2,y+i);for(i=0;i2;i+) draw_point(x+1,y+2*i);draw_point(x+2,y+i+3);void number(uchar x,uchar y,uchar i)switch(i)case 0:draw_0(x,y);break;case 1:draw_1(x,y);break;case 2:draw_2(x,y);break;case 3:draw_3(x,y);break;case 4:draw_4(x,y);break;case 5:draw_5(x,y);break;case 6:draw_6(x,y);break;case 7:draw_7(x,y);break;case 8:draw_8(x,y);break;case 9:draw_9(x,y);break;default :draw_0(x,y);break;void biao(uchar x,uchar y)if(ab%2=1)draw_point(x+2,y);draw_point(x+1,y+1);draw_point(x+3,y+1);draw_point(x,y+2);draw_point(x+2,y+2);draw_point(x+4,y+2);draw_point(x+2,y+3);draw_point(x+2,y+4);if(ab%2=0)draw_point(x+2,y);draw_point(x+3,y+1);draw_point(x,y+2);draw_point(x+1,y+2);draw_point(x+2,y+2);draw_point(x+4,y+2);draw_point(x+3,y+3);draw_point(x+2,y+4);int ad_freq(void)uchar i;int k=0;for(i=0;i110;i+)if(amin+10+iamin+11+i)k=11+i;else break;return k;uchar identifykey(void)uchar i;while(P2!=0XF0)while(P2!=0XF0)if(P2=0x70)if(P2=0x70)i=0;if(P2=0xb0)if(P2=0xb0)i=1;if(P2=0xd0)if(P2=0xd0)i=2;if(P2=0xe0)if(P2=0xe0)i=3;return(i);void main()lcd_init();clear_draw();windows=1;heng=1;zong=5;num=0;ab=0;P2=0XF0;ADC_RES_DATA=0;P1ASF=0x03;adc_pow_on();ADC_CONTR=0xe0;TMOD=0x11;TH0=0xff;TL0=0x9c;TH1=0x3c;TL1=0xb0;ET0=1;TR0=1;ET1=1;TR1=1;EA=1;ad_t=100*heng; while(1); void time0() interrupt 1 TH0=(65536-ad_t)/256;TL0=(65536-ad_t)%256;if(num120)adc_chang();anum=ADC_RES_DATA;num+ ;elseTR0=0; num=0;if(windows%2=1)ad_min=a10;ad_max=a10;lcd_wcmd(0x01);draw_pic(wa