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外文文献Abstract This paper analyzes Chinas current power supply and distribution of tall buildings in several fire design, combined with specification and engineering examples for the distribution of the current high-rise building design to explore the problems and propose appropriate solutions.Key wordshigh-rise building fire Supply Emergency Power Supply Power SupplyAs Chinas national economic development, building more and more land, more and more precious land resources, prompting the development of various types of construction to the high-level, so high-rise building fire safety is increasingly a cause-oriented. For the characteristics of high-rise building fires, high-rise building fire safety design should be based on self-defense self-help, while the fire service for the distribution is to ensure the normal operation of the key fire-fighting facilities, directly related to high-rise building fire safety. Therefore, this article from the fire power configuration, fire distribution, fire electrical wiring for high-rise building power supply and distribution reliability analysis, propose appropriate solutions to ensure high-rise building fire safety standards. 1. High-rise building fire power scheme 1.1 specification power supply requirements for fireAccording to fire protection design of tall buildings (hereinafter referred to as high regulation) provides high-rise building fire power should be the current national standard for power distribution system design specifications, the requirements of the design, a class of construction by a load of required power supply, second-class high-rise buildings should be two power load requirements. According to civil electrical specifications (JGJ/T16-92) provides a load consists of two power supply, when a power failure, the other at the same time the power outage Buzhi Yu; a load is especially important in load, in addition to the above-mentioned two power supplies, the Must also be an additional emergency power supply of the third power; 2 load power should make sure that when the power transformer failure or circuit common failure, without interruption of power supply (or the rapid recovery after the interruption), the load is relatively small or regional power supply The difficult conditions, the two loads can be more than a return to 6KV dedicated overhead power lines or cables. 1.2 The composition of high-rise building fire powerFire power is to ensure that high-rise building and fire normally fire-fighting equipment under normal electricity supply. Generally considered the main power supply and pose a fire emergency power supply. When the main power failure, emergency power supply can continue to supply to the fire-fighting equipment. Commonly used in emergency power supply are: (1) independent of the normal power-generating units (2) power supply network, independent of the normal power supply dedicated feeder circuit. (3) battery; (4) dry batteries. 1.3 common Fire Power 1.3.1 Dual Power high-voltage single-supply bus is not sub -Dual power high-voltage power supply section is not a single bus, two-loop high-voltage power supply at the same time, prepare a normal one to use, in this way to reduce contact between cabinets and a voltage transformer cabinet, saving infrastructure investment, reducing the high voltage distribution Electric room building area is beneficial to both, this approach requires two-way are guaranteed 100% of the load of electricity, when the cleaning bus or bus failure will cause all the power outages, poor reliability of their electricity supply is generally not used in high-rise construction. 1.3.2 Dual Power high-voltage single-supply busbar sectionDual power supply high-pressure single-busbar sub-way, two-loop high-voltage power supply at the same time, each other back. High reliability of this approach, particularly for electrical equipment, fire two power requirements at the last and easy to implement the provisions of a switch, which is relatively common wiring. 1.3.3 3 power supply high-pressure single-bus sub -Three sub-power high-voltage single power supply bus, three-loop high-voltage power supply, the normal dual-use when a preparation, this approach has a high reliability, suitable for a larger load capacity of the important users. 1.3.4 a main high voltage power supply, 380V power supply for the city, emergency power supply network Smaller building, was not by the consumption, the local access to two power supplies and difficult, in the vicinity have 380V power supply when the main power supply can be used a high-voltage power supply, 380V power supply for emergency power supply. If the economy can also be allowed if the use of diesel generator sets for emergency power supply. 1.4 plus the idea of diesel-powered generator setsAt present high-rise buildings, international and domestic universal power supply is based on the dual-power supply was equipped with a diesel generator as an emergency power supply, which is especially important to meet a load of power supply load requirements (Figure 1 does not include the dotted line part of the ). However, dual power plus the power supply of diesel generating sets in most parts of northern China are still subject to weather conditions. As a long time in the north in winter, the temperature low. As an emergency power supply diesel generator sets at low temperatures is difficult to immediately start power supply, and some even two or three minutes can not start. The dual power supply in most parts of 10KV substation quoted from the same strict sense, its essence is a power failure when the substation, the two power supplies also failed, causing power supply system completely paralyzed. In fire cases, this will expand the fire, causing serious losses is not allowed. Therefore, I envisage the dual power on diesel generator sets based on the season, plus a power supply, and enable it to their own independent power supply. In the case of low winter temperatures, reducing the reliability of diesel generators, we will connect the power this season, for increasing the Electric system reliability. When the temperatures rise, we stopped the season to the power supply department reported that power supply, you can save running costs. And this season there are three power options: First, quoted all the way from the substation 10KV high voltage power supply as the season (Figure 1), the advantage of high reliability power supply, the shortfall is that the higher investment in infrastructure; second is from a nearby high-rise buildings along 10KV transformer high-voltage end of the quoted or cited all the way low end of the season as a 380/220V power supply; third all the way from the city network cited as the season 380/200V power supply. 1.5 Building Configuration Thinking of diesel generator setsHigh regulation fire-fighting equipment supply should be provided for the power distribution system design specifications GB50052-95 requirements of the design, and the specification of a load is especially important in load did not involve the fire load in their fire power as long as there two power supplies can meet the requirements of high regulation also requires a class of high-rise building fire load electricity requirements should be a power supply, and a distribution box office in the final automatic switching device to ensure that fire safety facilities in When the fire power and reliable, able to function properly. In the high regulation is not clearly defined one, second-class high-rise buildings need to configure the diesel generators.Thus in recent years, newly emerging high-rise building fire load does not require allocating additional diesel generators. However, the specific power supply design, the vast majority of high-rise buildings from the electricity grid connection of two-way line of 10KV power into electricity, which can not meet the specifications where two power supply requirements. System blackout caused either by an internal fault, some caused by power failures, as a regional power grid in the main grid voltage of the upper part is a grid, so the user either from electric power line to take a few back into the line also can not be in the strict sense of the two an independent power supply, power grid failures can cause a variety of all the power into the line at the same time a result of loss of power supply Blackout. In fact, the Road 10KV high voltage power supply taken from a different substation is very difficult, and diesel generating sets to configure a small investment, the use of good results and will comply with regulatory requirements, so the design of high-rise building shall be fitted with diesel-powered generator sets. I think that explicit requirements specification which can be high-rise buildings should be equipped with diesel generators. 2. High-rise building fire distribution 2.1 common Fire Distribution ProgramFire distribution methods are commonly used in radiation type, tree type, chain, four kinds of hybrid (1) The radial distribution of the failure of any one line to each other affect each other, the equipment is easy to manage a high supply reliability. However, more than qualifying non-ferrous metals consumed in large quantities, switching equipment, and more investment in higher operating costs for a single piece of equipment of large capacity, power supply reliability high. (Figure 2 a) (2) The trunk-type distribution when the route failure, a larger sphere of influence, but coupled with alternate routes and to achieve switching to improve power supply reliability for a more uniform distribution of places. (Figure 2 b) (3) chain and the trunk-type is basically the same, but the low-reliability than the trunk, when the middle of a piece of equipment failures associated equipment in the back will lose power. (Figure 2 c) (4) Mixed type, including two kinds of radiation type and tree-type distribution method is the victory of more high-rise building in a ligand distribution method. (Figure 2 d) 2.2 The current issue of widespread distribution (1) of the fire electrical equipment such as fire control room, fire pump fire power instead of using a dedicated power supply, while the use of general load on the socket for the power lines, so that in case of fire in the building off the main power supply After the fire power the devices power also will be without electricity and fire-fighting equipment paralyzed, its fire immeasurable loss. (2) Some spare each other, such as fire pumps, fire fighting equipment at the end of the focus on two power each vote, there is no use of the equipment are radiation from the fire power supply power distribution room, but from the power distribution room leads to a main line, in the Preparation of the end of each parallel equipment. The result is that once the main line causing the problem (and the main line caused a great chance of failure) in each stand to lose power devices are unable to start, without achieving the desired results. (3) sharing power distribution equipment, fire linkage, there is no requirement of the end of the distribution box is located two-way automatic switching devices, or automatic switching devices of poor quality, low reliability. In the fire case, the standby power can not automatically switch to emergency power supply, power supply interruption. Some use the manual switch, when the firefighters reached the scene and then look for the power switching devices to switch, which will delay aircraft, resulting in heavy losses. 2.3 The solution to the problem (1) Normal working power supply and emergency power supply shall be self-made system, independent distribution. When the power supply and lighting separately, then the power and lighting should be available to work the power distribution system and emergency power distribution system. Ensure that a class load of fire, electricity and other conditions in the fire, by the emergency power supply a continuous power supply, second-class load to ensure two-loop switching power supply. (2) In the fire power distribution design and installation of electricity, the power consumption of the large or a higher concentration of fire power equipment, such as fire control room, fire pumps, power distribution room should be the introduction of radial supply, and to ensure that the main equipment and standby equipment, power lines independent of each other. (3) Fire system equipment, power distribution share should be in the most power distribution boxes located at the end of two-way automatic switching device, and install high-quality power supply automatic switching devices. If you are installing a manual switching device, it is desirable that the equipment room distribution box. So that in case of emergency fire personnel can be easy to find and achieve in a short time to switch.中文文献摘 要 本文通过分析我国目前高层民用建筑几种消防供配电设计方案，并结合规范与工程实例，对目前高层建筑供配电设计方面存在的问题进行探讨，并提出相应的解决方案。关键词 高层建筑 供配电 消防电源 应急电源随着我国国民经济的发展，建筑用地越来越多，土地资源越来越珍贵，这促使各类建筑向高层发展，因而高层建筑的消防安全问题越来越引起人们的注重。针对高层建筑发生火灾的特点，高层建筑的防火设计应立足于自防自救，而消防供配电是保证消防设施正常运行的关键，直接关系到高层建筑的消防安全。因此本文从消防电源配置、消防配电、消防电气配线对高层建筑供配电的可靠性进行分析，提出相应的解决方案，保证高层建筑的消防安全。1 高层建筑消防电源配置11 规范对消防电源的要求根据高层民用建筑设计防火规范(以下简称“高规”)规定，高层建筑的消防用电应按现行的国家标准供配电系统设计规范的要求设计，一类建筑按一级负荷要求供电，二类高层建筑应按二级负荷要求供电。根据民用建筑电气规范(JGJ/T16-92)规定一级负荷由两个电源供电，当一个电源发生故障时，另一个电源不致于同时停电；一级负荷中特别重要负荷，除上述两个电源外，还必须增设应急电源即第三个电源；二级负荷的电源应做到当电力变压器发生故障或线路常见故障时，不致中断供电（或中断后迅速恢复），在负荷比较小或地区供电的条件困难时，二级负荷可以由一回6KV以上专用架空线或电缆供电。12 高层建筑消防电源的构成消防电源是保证高层建筑平时和火灾情况下消防设备正常工作用电的电源。通常认为主电源和应急电源构成消防电源。当主电源发生故障时，应急电源能继续供电给消防设备。常用的应急电源有：(1)独立于正常电源的发电机组（2）供电网络中独立于正常电源的专用的馈电线路。（3）蓄电池；（4）干电池。13 常用的消防电源131 双电源高压单母线不分段供电双电源高压单母线不分段供电方式，两回路高压电源同时供电，正常时一备一用，这种方式减少中间联络柜和一个电压互感器柜，对节省基建投资、减小高压配电室建筑面积均有利，这种方式要求两路都保证100%的负荷用电，当清扫母线或母线故障时，将会造成全部停电，其供电的可靠性较差，一般不宜用在高层建筑。132 双电源高压单母线分段供电双电源高压单母线分段供电方式，两回路高压电源同时供电，互为备用。这种方式的供电可靠性较高，尤其对消防用电设备的两个电源要求在最末一级切换的规定易于实现，因而是目前较为常用的接线方式。133 三电源高压单母线分段供电三电源高压单母线分段供电方式，三回路高压电源，正常时为两用一备，这种方式具有较高的可靠性，适用于一级负荷中较大容量的重要用户。134 一高压电源为主电源，380V市网电源为应急电源供电规模较小的建筑，于由用电量不大，当地获得两个电源又困难，附近又有380V电源时，可采用一高压电源为主电源，380V电源为应急电源。如果经济允许的话也可以采用柴油发电机组为应急电源。14 加柴油发电机组供电的设想目前高层建筑中，国际国内通用的供电方式就是在双电源的基础上增配一柴油发电机组作为应急电源，即满足一级负荷中特别重要负荷的供电要求(如图1不包括虚线部分)。但是双电源加柴油发电机组的供电方式在我国北方大部分地区仍受到气候条件的限制。由于在北方地区冬季时间长，气温较低。作为应急电源的柴油发电机组在低温下很难即刻起动供电，有的甚至在二、三十分钟内无法起动。而大多数地区10KV双电源引自同一变电站从严格意义上来讲其实质就是一个电源，当变电站发生故障时，两个电源同时失效，造成供电系统完全瘫痪。在火灾情况下，这会使火灾扩大，造成严重的损失，是不允许的。因此笔者设想在双电源加柴油发电机组的基础上外加一个季节电源，并使其能自己独立供电。在冬季气温较低的情况下，柴油发电机组的可靠性降低，我们就接通这个季节电源，提高供电系统的可靠性。当气温升高后，我们向供电部门报停季节电源供电，可以节约运行费用。而这个季节电源有三种选择：一是从变电站引一路10KV高压电源做为季节电源（如图1），其优点是供电可靠性高