溧阳市第三自来水厂设计【含CAD图纸+文档】
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压缩包内含有CAD图纸和说明书,均可直接下载获得文件，所见所得，电脑查看更方便。Q 197216396 或 11970985
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任务书一、原始依据（包括设计或论文的工作基础、研究条件、应用环境、工作目的等。）根据相关设计资料，确定合理的工艺方案，使给水厂出水水质达到生活饮用水卫生标准（GB5749-2006），并安全输配到用户，满足用户的需求。（1）设计水量：近期满足最高日供水量 6104m3/d；远期满足最高日供水量12 104m3/d。 （2）原水水质：各项指标达到地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838-2002)中的类水质标准；（3）气象水文资料：溧阳市属太湖湖西地区，地形复杂，三面环山，地势起伏，既有山丘、平原，又有低洼圩地。自然情况如下：1）气温：年平均15.2；历年极端最高40；历年极端最低-17.92）降雨量：年平均1100mm；雨量集中在49月份。3）主要风向：夏季为东南风，冬季为西北风。4）地震烈度为7度。5）地下水位：常年稳定水位地面下0.70.9m，最高为地面下0.5m。（4）水处理所用材料混凝剂：硫酸铝、三氯化铁 、碱式氯化铝等有供应。投加量参考资料如下：浑浊度混凝剂51020305080100硫酸铝21181617182328三氯化铁20161516152225碱式氯化铝18151315142023滤料：石英砂、无烟煤、铁矿石等有供应。消毒药剂：液氯、二氧化氯等有供应。（5）工程地质资料：据地质钻探资料知，该地区地基承载力满足基建设计要求。（6）二泵站输水管起端节点水压 46 m。附：日用水量变化规律小时0-11-22-33-44-55-66-77-8%2.532.452.502.532.573.095.314.92小时8-99-1010-1111-1212-1313-1414-1515-16%5.175.105.215.215.094.814.994.70小时16-1717-1818-1919-2020-2121-2222-2323-24%4.624.975.184.894.394.173.122.48学生在毕业设计过程中熟悉相关的工作方法、工作过程，掌握主体工艺的设计计算和绘图，加强对所学基础知识的应用技能，为日后工作打下坚实基础。二、参考文献1 陈培康.给水净化新工艺M北京:学术书刊出版社，1990.2 许保玖.给水处理理论与设计M北京:中国建筑工业出版社，1992.3 金兆丰.21世纪的水处理M北京:化学工业出版社，2003.4 丁亚兰国内外给水工程设计实例M北京：化学工业出版社，1999.5 崔玉川净水厂设计知识M北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1987.6 钟淳昌.净水厂设计M北京:中国建筑工业出版社，1986.7 陆柱水处理技术M上海：华东理工大学出版社，2000.8 高湘给水工程技术及工程实例M北京：化学工业出版社，2002.9 王业俊.水处理手册M北京:中国建筑工业出版社，1983.10 钟淳昌.简明给水设计手册M北京:中国建筑工业出版社，1989.11 张启海.城市给水工程M北京:中国水利水电出版社，2003.12 杨松林.水处理工程CAD技术应用及实例M北京:化学工业出版社,2001.13 姜乃昌.水泵及水泵站M北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989.14 崔玉川.给水厂处理设施设计计算M北京:化学工业出版社,2002.15 中国给水排水J.专业期刊.16 给水排水J.专业期刊三、设计（研究）内容和要求（包括设计或研究内容、主要指标与技术参数，并根据课题性质对学生提出具体要求。）1设计内容要求（1）根据水质、水量、地区条件、施工条件和水厂运行情况、确定净水厂的处理工艺流程；（2）拟定各处理构筑物的设计流量，并根据确定的净水厂位置，选择适宜采用的处理构筑物，确定设计采用的处理构筑物的形式及数量；（3）进行各构筑物的设计计算，确定各构筑物和各主要构件的尺寸并绘制部分计算简图，设计时要考虑到构筑物及其构件施工上的可能性，并符合要求。1）投药及混合根据原水水质、处理要求、货源及其他经济技术条件选定混凝剂品种及投加量，设计溶解池、溶液池，布置加药间及药库，画出草图；确定混合方式，进行混合工艺设计计算和设备选择。2）絮凝、沉淀（或澄清池）絮凝池和沉淀池应同时进行计算和设计，并应注意两者的关系与配合，要使两池之间在高程、水流衔接、深度和池数等方面相互配合。根据设计流量，絮凝池、沉淀池应至少分为独立相同的两组，每组可根据需要分为若干格。也可根据水质情况选用澄清池，并进行设计计算。3）滤池在北方，滤池一般应设在室内，冲洗水泵房应尽可能与滤池合建。4）消毒选定消毒剂并根据水质有关参考资料确定其投加量，投加点应根据水质情况确定。进一步选择投加设备，布置加药间及药库，绘出草图。5）清水池清水池之间要既能互相连通，又能单池运行。清水池应根据水量大小、地形及设计高程而定，由单池容积和设计水深决定水池平面尺寸。（4）根据各构筑物的确定尺寸，确定各构筑物在平面位置上的确切位置，完成平面布置；确定各构筑物间联接管道的位置，管径、长度、材料及附属设施，完成水厂的高程布置。（5）绘制净水厂平面及高程布置图，净水构筑物工艺平、剖面图。（6）二泵站设计计算选泵台数不宜过多，也不宜过少，应能满足各种不同流量及扬程之需要为宜，一般4-7台，尽可能同型号。确定泵站形式，进行泵站设计计算；绘制二泵站工艺图。2设计成果要求（1）设计说明书一份（1.2万字）；参考文献10篇；相关外文文献资料翻译1份（5000汉字）。（2）绘制的图纸折合零号图纸3张。指导教师（签字） 年 月 日审题小组组长（签字）分析重力过滤水厂的污泥沉降试验摘要：在恒压条件下，对市政水厂进行了重力沉降实验和重力过滤实验。理论分析中明确指出，污泥的沉淀对过滤率有明显影响。当地不同的流动阻力决定了不同污泥浓度的沉降速率。固体的沉淀特征和当地的孔隙率与该地区固体抗压压力有关。从沉降速率和沉降平衡的基础数据上评估了重力过滤与过滤率的关系。关键词：压缩特性;重力过滤;渗透特征，沉积;水厂污泥 一 引言重力过滤是固液分离的一个潜在的操作方法，只涉及简单设计和运行。这种方法对悬浮物的过滤尤其有效，在驱动力不大的情况下很容易达到分离效果。例如，在自来水厂污泥分离的过程中，增加重力增稠剂，可大大改善分离效果。以往的研究都集中在一般的加压过滤。因此，没有多少人注重重力过滤的行为。沉积过程中悬浮的粒子，经常导致滤饼的过滤速率发生变化。特别是，在大多数情况下，重力过滤的沉淀颗粒悬浮效果显着。因此，重力过滤行为的分析，必须考虑到颗粒沉淀效果。通过调查了向上和向下加压过滤的沉淀效果和其发展的理论模型来描述通量下降的行为。此外，过滤密切相关的问题是沉积作用中有相似粒子的溶剂和渗透溶剂通过填料床的颗粒越大。在此假设的基础上，根据压缩的压缩饼渗透率，当地的孔隙率和当地固体压缩压力Ps的具体流动阻力，来做重力沉降实验。结果表明，从传统的压缩渗透率数据中得到，在固体压力相对低的地方压缩渗透性能很好。还应该指出，这是相当困难的情况下在压缩细胞通透性较低的条件下取得的结果。通过应用超滤方法，使用压缩渗透与超速离心机分析评估了蛋白质溶液超滤通量衰减行为。最近，用离心机对O/ W乳液油滴的压缩变形渗透特性进行了评价分析，据预计，在相对低压条件下评估重力过滤，得到重力沉降压渗透特性使用方便。在这篇文章中，对市政自来水厂污泥进行批次重力过滤和重力沉降实验，以及关于重力沉降粒子对过滤行为的影响进行了调查，以评估的滤饼平均过滤比阻。其次在压缩渗透的基础上，针对重力沉降用沉降速度发和沉淀平衡法代替传统的重力沉降粒子测量。利用压缩渗透的特点对重力过滤的过滤率下降行为进行评价。二 材料与方法材料在Kasugai水厂，增加污泥增稠剂对悬浮颗粒进行研究。硫酸铝中加入无机混凝剂作为增稠剂，测量用比重瓶，质量分数S的悬浮固体和固体的真密度s，分别是4.6810-3 kg/m3和3.35103 kg/m3。用激光散射粒度分布仪对污泥的固体颗粒粒度分布进行了分析，测量结果如图一所示，直径dp与频率f 为正态分布关系。由于混凝剂的使用，分布明显变广，颗粒的平均比表面积大小是65.8微米。用超纯水稀释过的污泥进行试验。图一： 重力沉降在直径为4.5厘米的垂直有机玻璃圆筒内进行重力沉降批次实验。在实验开始之前开始,将污泥确保混合均匀,然后缓慢倒入一个沉降气缸。测量沉积物与上清液之间的高度，所用时间沉淀时间和悬浮颗粒浓度，一个星期后测量最终平衡高度。测量沉淀速率的方法是，通过对沉淀物的高度变化与时间数据来分析，确定沉淀速率。与此同时，在沉淀平衡方法中，用平衡状态下统一泥沙高度进行分析。重力过滤研究中采用的重力过滤器如图二所示，垂直气缸内径和沉淀试验采用的相同。采用的过滤介质为非织造，平均孔径大小为9m，污泥瞬间被充分搅拌，并倒入汽缸中，开始重力过滤。同样数量的纯水作为排放滤液添加，不断从污泥表面进入气缸。因此，试验过程中重力过滤驱动器始终保持顶部高度不变，如图所示。图 2 重力过滤装置结论市政自来水厂污泥重力沉降过滤实验采用批次实验，以研究有关对重力过滤通量衰减行为的粒子沉淀效果。结果清楚地表明,形成滤饼的平均过滤比阻在中立的条件下可精确的显示离子的沉降水平。压缩渗透的特点，代表了当地的具体流动阻力和当地固体压缩压力函数的孔隙率，这一切都基于从最终的泥沙淤积试验取得的沉积速度数据和综合平衡高度。据重力过滤显示，通量下降的现象是通过对渗透特性所得的沉降数据进行良好的计算所获得的。Analysis of Gravity Filtration Behaviors of Waterworks Sludge Based upon Sedimentation TestsAbstractBoth gravity filtration experiments under constant pressure conditions and gravity sedimentation experiments were conducted using the municipal waterworks sludge. It was clarified from the theoretical analysis that the effect of sedimentation on the filtration rate was noticeable for the sludge used in this study. The local specific flow resistance at various sludge concentrations was determined by the sedimentation velocity method. The local porosity was related to the local solid compressive pressure by the sedimentation equilibrium method. The decline behaviors in the filtration rate in gravity filtration accompanied by sedimentation were well evaluated only from the sedimentation data based upon the sedimentation velocity method and the sedimentation equilibrium method.Keywords:Compression characteristics; Gravity filtration; Permeability characteristics; Sedimentation; Waterworks sludgeINTRODUCTION Gravity filtration is one of the potential solid-liquid separation methods because of the energy-savings involving the simple design and operation. The method is especially efficient for suspension, which is relatively likely to be filtered since the available driving force of separation is not so high. For instance, in the concentration process of waterworks sludge, the separation efficiency may be significantly improved in the case that the space in the gravity thickener is used for gravity filtration. Previous studies have concentrated on the usual pressurized filtration. Hence, not much is known about the behaviors of gravity filtration.1The process of sedimentation of particles in suspension above the filter cake frequently results in a variation of the filtration rate in filtration. 2-7 Especially, in gravity filtration, the effect of sedimentation of particles in suspension is remarkable in most cases.1 Therefore, the effect of particle sedimentation must be taken into consideration in the analysis of the gravity filtration behaviors. Iritani et al.8 investigated the effect of sedimentation on properties of upward and downward pressurized filtration and developed the theoretical model to describe the flux decline behaviors.In addition, there is an analogy between sedimentation of particles in a solvent and permeation of a solvent through the packed bed of particles, which is closely related to filtration. On the basis of this hypothesis, the compression-permeability characteristics of the compressed cake, which represent the local porosity and the local specific flow resistance as functions of the local solid compressive pressure ps, are obtained from batch gravity sedimentation test.9, 10 It was shown that the compression-permeability characteristics in the relatively low solid compressive pressure region obtained from the sedimentation test were well correlated to those obtained from the conventional compression-permeability cell data.11 It should also be noted that it is quite difficult to obtain the compression-permeability characteristics under relatively low pressure conditions by the compression-permeability cell test. By applying the method to ultracentrifugation, Iritani et al. evaluated the flux decline behaviors of dead-end ultrafiltration of protein solutions using the compression-permeability characteristics obtained with the use of an analytical ultracentrifuge.12, 13 More recently, the compression-permeability characteristics of deformable oil droplets in O/W emulsions were evaluated using an analytical centrifuge.14, 15 It is expected that the use of the compression-permeability characteristics obtained from the gravity sedimentation is convenient in order to evaluate the behaviors of gravity filtration, which is conducted under relatively low pressure conditions.In this article, gravity filtration and batch gravity sedimentation experiments are conducted using the municipal waterworks sludge, and the effect of the sedimentation of particles on the behaviors of gravity filtration is investigated in order to evaluate the true values of the average specific filtration resistance of the filter cake. Subsequently, the compression-permeability characteristics are obtained from the batch gravity sedimentation data based upon the sedimentation velocity method and sedimentation equilibrium method in place of the conventional compression-permeability cell measurements. The decline behaviors of the filtration rate in gravity filtration are evaluated from the compression-permeability characteristics thus obtainedMATERIALS AND METHODS Materials The sludge drawn out of the thickener in Kasugai Waterworks (Kasugai City, Japan) was employed as a test suspension in this research. Aluminum sulphate was added to the suspension in the thickener as the inorganic coagulant. The mass fraction s of solids in suspension and the true density s of solids, measured using a pycnometer, are 4.68 10-3 and 3.35 103 kg/m3, respectively.The volume-based size distribution of the solid particles in the sludge was measured by a laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer (LA-920, Horiba, Ltd., Kyoto, Japan). The measured result is depicted in Fig. 1. In this graph, the frequency f is plotted semi-logarithmically against the particle diameter dp. The size distribution tends to be appreciably broad due to the use of the coagulant. The mean specific surface area size of particles is 65.8 m. The sludge was diluted by the specified concentrations with the ultrapure, deionized water prepared by an ultrapure water system for laboratory use (Milli-Q SP, Millipore Corp., Tokyo, Japan) prior to being used as the text suspension. FIG. 1.Volume-based size distribution of solid particles in multiple waterworks sludge.Gravity Sedimentation Batch gravity sedimentation experiments were conducted by using vertical Plexiglas cylinders with 4.5-cm internal diameter. Before the experiments started, the sludge was agitated sufficiently to ensure that the contents were well mixed, and then it was gradually poured into a graduated settling cylinder. The sediment height H of the interface plane between the clear supernatant and top of the settling bed sludge was measured with the lapse of the sedimentation time for both various initial solid concentrations s and various initial heights H0. Final equilibrium heights H were measured after a week. In the sedimentation velocity method, the initial sedimentation velocity determined from the measurements of the variation with time of H in the incipience of sedimentation was used in the data analysis. Meanwhile, in the sedimentation equilibrium method, the height H of the consolidated sediment at the equilibrium state was used in the analysis.Gravity Filtration A schematic drawing of the gravity filter used in this research is shown in Fig. 2. The inner diameter of the vertical cylinder is the same as that employed in the sedimentation tests. The nonwoven filter cloth (FT7501SS, Shikishima Canvas Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) with an average pore size of 9 m was employed as the filter medium. The instant the sludge agitated sufficiently was gradually poured into the cylinder, gravity filtration was started. The same amount of pure water as the discharged filtrate was added gently and constantly on the surface of the sludge into the cylinder. As a result, the head H0 acting as the driving force of gravity filtration was kept constant throughout the experiment, as shown in Fig. 2. FIG. 2.Schematic diagram of experimental gravity filtration apparatus.CONCLUSIONS Gravity filtration experiments and batch sedimentation experiments were performed using the municipal waterworks sludge in order to examine the effect of the particle sedimentation on the flux decline behaviors of gravity filtration. The results clearly demonstrate that the accurate values of the average specific filtration resistance of the filter cake formed in gravity filtration can be obtained in view of the particle sedimentation. The compression-permeability characteristics, which represent the local specific flow resistance and the local porosity as functions of the local solid compressive pressure, were determined from the data of the initial sedimentation velocity and the final equilibrium height of the consolidated sediment obtained from batch sedimentation tests. It was revealed that the behaviors of flux decline of gravity filtration were well evaluated on the basis of the compression-permeability characteristics obtained only from the sedimentation data.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThis work has been supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. The authors acknowledge with sincere gratitude the financial support leading to the publication of this article.REFERENCES1. Lu, W. M. , Tung, K. L. , Pan, C. H. and Hwang, K. J. (1998) The effect of particle sedimentation on gravity filtration. Separation Science and Technology 33:12 , pp. 1723-1746.2. Straumann, R. (1963) The influence of sedimentation on filtration. Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 35:10 , pp. 715-720. crossref 3. Sambuichi, M. , Nakakura, H. and Osasa, K. (1982) The effect of gravity settling on constant pressure filtration. Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Yamaguchi University 33:1 , pp. 65-70.4. Bockstal, F. , Fouarge, L. , Hermia, J. and Rahier, G. (1985) Constant pressure cake filtration with simultaneous sedimentation. Filtration & Separation 22:4 , pp. 255-257.5. Font, R. and Hernndez, A. (2000) Filtration with sedimentation: application of Kynchs theorems.Separation Science and Technology35:2 , pp. 183-210. informaworld6. Tiller, F. M. , Hsyung, N. B. and Cong, D. Z. (1995) Role of porosity in filtration: XII. Filtration with sedimentation. AIChE Journal 41:5 , pp. 1153-1164.7. Larue, O. and Vorobiev, E. (2004) Sedimentation and water electrolysis effects in electrofiltration of kaolin suspension. AIChE Journal 50:12 , pp. 3120-3133. crossref 8. Iritani, E. , Mukai, Y. and Yorita, H. (1999) Effect of sedimentation on properties of upward and downward cake filtration. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 25:5 , pp. 742-746.9. Shirato, M. , Kato, H. , Kobayashi, K. and Sakazaki, H. (1970) Analysis of settling of thick slurries due to consolidation. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan 3:1 , pp. 98-104. crossref 10. Shirato, M. , Murase, T. , Iritani, E. and Hayashi, N. (1983) Cake filtrationA technique for evaluating compression-permeability data at low compressive pressure. Filtration & Separation 20:5 , pp. 404-406.11. Grace, H. P. (1953) Resistance and compressibility of filter cakes. Chemical Engineering Progress 49:6 , pp. 303-318.12. Iritani, E. , Hattori, K. and Murase, T. (1993) Analysis of dead-end ultrafiltration based on ultracentrifugation method. Journal of Membrane Science 81:1-2 , pp. 1-13. crossref 13. Iritani,
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