report1郭小明 三维图形程序设计 电子科技大学.doc

实验报告课程名称：三维图形程序设计学院：计算机科学与工程学院专业：计算机科学与技术指导教师：曹跃学生姓名：郭小明学号：2011060100010实验成绩：日期：2013年5月3日电 子 科 技 大 学实 验 报 告 实验一：三维图形程序上机操作训练与图元编程 一. 实验室名称：主楼A2412 实验时间：2013年5月 3日 二实验目的：1. 掌握VC中OpenGL三维编程环境的建立过程；2. 掌握GLUT编写OpenGL应用程序的基本步骤，熟悉GLUT基于事件驱动的编程模型；3. 掌握不同类型图元的顶点装配方式，并能够利用图元建立简单的几何对象。 三实验原理： OpenGL编程语言 面向对象编程技术 四. 实验内容： （一）安装、配置和测试OpenGL三维编程环境1. 首先检查Windows操作系统中是否正确安装了Visual Studio集成开发环境：实验要求在Windows XP、Visual C+ 2005平台以上；2. 解压OpenGL.zip到任意目录下；3. 检查OpenGL核心库和实用库及其头文件是否安装正确和完整：检查%VSINSTALLDIR%VCPlatformSDKIncludeGL目录下是否存在gl.h、glu.h两个头文件，并从解压得到的GL子目录下拷贝缺少的头文件到该目录下；检查%VSINSTALLDIR%VCPlatformSDKLib目录下是否存在OpenGL32.lib、GLU32.lib两个库文件，并从解压得到的Lib子目录下拷贝缺少的Lib文件到该目录下；4. 安装GLUT库及其头文件。从解压得到的GL子目录下拷贝glut.h到%VSINSTALLDIR%VCPlatformSDKIncludeGL目录中，从解压得到的Lib子目录下拷贝 glut32.lib到%VSINSTALLDIR%VCPlatformSDKLib下，拷贝glut32.dll到%windir%system32目录下。5. 检测OpenGL环境是否配置正确。a. 打开Visual Studio集成开发环境，新建一个类型为“Win32控制台应用程序”的空项目Test；b. 在项目中新建一个C源文件Test.c；c. 拷贝如下代码到Test.c中；d. 生成Test项目，观察“输出”窗口中的编译和链接输出信息，若显示类似“生成: 1 已成功, 0 已失败, 0 最新, 0 已跳过”表明项目生成成功，否则根据输出信息检查程序或者OpenGL编程环境是否设置正确，并在改正后重新生成Test项目；e. 运行Test.exe查看程序是否能够正常启动。 /* Test.C */#include void display();void init();int main(int argc, char * argv) glutInit(&argc, argv);glutCreateWindow(“Simple”);glutDisplayFunc(display);init();glutMainLoop();void display() glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glBegin(GL_POLYGON);glVertex2f(-0.5, -0.5);glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.5);glVertex2f(0.5, 0.5);glVertex2f(0.5, -0.5);glEnd();glFlush();void init() glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);（二）编程任务1： 1. 分别利用点、线图元生成锥形螺旋曲线和环形螺旋曲线，要求可以设置点的大小、线可以设置线形和宽度。锥形螺旋曲线的参数方程为：环形螺旋曲线的参数方程为：其中，t为参数且。a，b和c是常数，比如可取a=2.0，b=3.0，c=18.0。（三）编程任务2：1. 在窗口中绘制三角形和四边形两个简单填充图形，要求它们能够被鼠标选中并随鼠标一起拖动，此外能够使用右键菜单分别设置两个简单图形的颜色。2. 利用三角形图元生成黑白相间的圆锥台，要求通过键盘或鼠标能够改变圆锥台地大端和小端直径。五实验要求1. 实验前要做好充分准备。2. 实验中独立完成源程序编辑、编译、链接过程，运行并记录程序运行结果；3. 对程序结果进行分析。六、实验器材（设备、元器件）： 编译器 Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 OpenGLAPI 函数库七、实验步骤：1: 首先需要配置OpenGL编程环境，在 Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 中添加相应的头文件以及lib文件，头文件添加地址为 C:Program FilesMicrosoft Visual Studio 10.0VCincludeGL lib文件添加地址 C:Program FilesMicrosoft Visual Studio 10.0VClib并且将glut.dll 添加到System.32 的文件夹里 配置过程如图：下面是需要的头文件：（有）将头文件放入：C:Program FilesMicrosoft Visual Studio 10.0VCincludeGL下面是需要的lib文件 C:Program FilesMicrosoft Visual Studio 10.0VClib把他们放入 C:Program FilesMicrosoft Visual Studio 10.0VClib就行了下面是建立OpenGL工程的过程选择空项目：然后输入名称选择添加C+文件键入代码就可以了。2 然后根据相应的编程要求进行编程试验 具体实现过程8、 实验数据及结果分析：编程任务1： 分别利用点、线图元生成锥形螺旋曲线和环形螺旋曲线，要求可以设置点的大小、线可以设置线形和宽度。锥形螺旋曲线的参数方程为： 环形螺旋曲线的参数方程为：其中，t为参数且。a，b和c是常数，比如可取a=2.0，b=3.0，c=18.0。#include#include #define PI 3.14void drawMyLines()float t;float x,y,z;float a=2,b=3,c=18;glColor3f(1.0,0.5,0.5);glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);for(t=0.0;t=2*PI;t+=0.0002)x=a*t*cos(c*t)+b;y=a*t*sin(c*t)+b;z=c*t;glVertex3f(x,y,z);glEnd();glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);glBegin(GL_LINES); /建立坐标轴glVertex3f(0,0,0);glVertex3f(12,0,0);glEnd();glBegin(GL_LINES); /建立坐标轴 glVertex3f(0,0,0);glVertex3f(0,0,12);glEnd();glBegin(GL_LINES); /建立坐标轴glVertex3f(0,0,0);glVertex3f(0,12,0);glEnd();void display()glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);drawMyLines(); /调用drawMyLines函数glFlush();void init()glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);gluLookAt(1,1,1, /更改视角3,3,3,-1,-1,1);glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); /设置投影模式glLoadIdentity(); /设置单位矩形glOrtho(-12.0,12.0,-12.0,12.0,-12,12);int main(int argc, char* argv) glutInit(&argc, argv);glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);glutCreateWindow(Simple);glutDisplayFunc(display); init();glutMainLoop(); /使程序一直处在监听状态中 return 0;#include#include #define PI 3.14void drawMyLines()float t;float x,y,z;float a=2,b=3,c=18;glColor3f(1.0,0.5,0.5); glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP); / 绘制函数模块for(t=0.0;t=2*PI;t+=0.0002)x=(a*sin(c*t)+b)*cos(t);y=(a*sin(c*t)+b)*sin(t);z=a*cos(c*t);glVertex3f(x,y,z);glEnd();glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);glBegin(GL_LINES); /绘制坐标轴glVertex3f(0,0,0);glVertex3f(12,0,0);glEnd();glBegin(GL_LINES); /绘制坐标轴 glVertex3f(0,0,0);glVertex3f(0,0,12);glEnd();glBegin(GL_LINES); /绘制坐标轴glVertex3f(0,0,0);glVertex3f(0,12,0);glEnd();void display()glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);drawMyLines();glFlush();void init()glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0);glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);gluLookAt(1,1,1,3,3,3,-1,-1,1);glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); /设置投影模式glLoadIdentity(); /使用单位矩阵glOrtho(-12.0,12.0,-12.0,12.0,-12,12);int main(int argc, char* argv) glutInit(&argc, argv);glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(500, 500);glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0);glutCreateWindow(Simple);glutDisplayFunc(display); init();glutMainLoop(); return 0;编程任务2：1. 在窗口中绘制三角形和四边形两个简单填充图形，要求它们能够被鼠标选中并随鼠标一起拖动，此外能够使用右键菜单分别设置两个简单图形的颜色。#include #include #define SIZE 512int wide=600,height=600;GLint HITS;void init() glClearColor (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.0);int Rect1_x1=-250,Rect1_y1=-250,Rect1_x2=450,Rect1_y2=450;int Rect2_x1=-500,Rect2_y1=-500,Rect2_x2=250,Rect2_y2=250;int movex1=0,movey1=0;int movex2=0,movey2=0;int mousex=0,mousey=0;int RGB13=1.0,1.0,0.0;int RGB23=0.0,1.0,1.0;void drawObjects(GLenum mode,int flag)if(mode = GL_SELECT) glLoadName(1);glColor3f(RGB10,RGB11,RGB12);glTranslated(4*movex1,4*movey1,0);glRectf(Rect1_x1,Rect1_y1 ,Rect1_x2 ,Rect1_y2 );glTranslated(-4*movex1,-4*movey1,0);if(mode = GL_SELECT) glLoadName(2);glColor3f(RGB20,RGB21,RGB22);glTranslated(4*movex2,4*movey2,0);glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);glVertex2i(0,0); glVertex2i(145,245); glVertex2i(-45,280); glEnd();glTranslated(-4*movex2,-4*movey2,0);void display(int flag)glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);drawObjects(GL_RENDER,flag);glFlush();void processHits (GLint hits, GLuint buffer) unsigned int i, j; GLint ii, jj, names, *ptr; printf (hits = %dn, hits); ptr = (GLint *) buffer; for (i = 0; i hits; i+) names = *ptr; ptr+=3; for (j = 0; j names; j+) if(*ptr=1) printf (red rectanglen); else printf (blue rectanglen); ptr+; printf (n); GLuint selectBufSIZE;void mouse(int button, int state, int x, int y) /鼠标函数 GLint hits; GLint viewport4; if (button = GLUT_LEFT_BUTTON & state = GLUT_DOWN) mousex = x; mousey = y; glGetIntegerv (GL_VIEWPORT, viewport); glSelectBuffer (SIZE, selectBuf); glRenderMode(GL_SELECT); glInitNames(); glPushName(0); glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION); glPushMatrix (); glLoadIdentity (); gluPickMatrix (GLdouble) x, (GLdouble) (viewport3 - y),5.0, 5.0, viewport); gluOrtho2D (-2.0*wide, 2.0*wide, -2.0*height, 2.0*height); drawObjects(GL_SELECT,0); glMatrixMode (GL_PROJECTION); glPopMatrix (); glFlush (); hits = glRenderMode (GL_RENDER); HITS = hits; processHits (hits, selectBuf); glutPostRedisplay(); void reshape(int w, int h)wide = w;height = h; glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); gluOrtho2D (-2.0*wide, 2.0*wide, -2.0*height, 2.0*height); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity();void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y) switch (key) case 27: exit(0); break; void motion(int x,int y) /建立移动函数if(HITS = 1 & selectBuf3 = 1 )movex1 = x-mousex+movex1;movey1 = mousey-y+movey1;display(1);else if (HITS = 1 & selectBuf3 = 2 )movex2 = x-mousex+movex2;movey2 = mousey-y+movey2;display(2);else if (HITS = 2 )movex1 = x-mousex+movex1;movey1 = mousey-y+movey1;movex2 = x-mousex+movex2;movey2 = mousey-y+movey2;display(3);mousex = x;mousey = y;void subMenu1Func(int data) /设置控制键盘键switch(data)case 1:RGB10=1.0;RGB11=0.0;RGB12=0.0;break;case 2:RGB10=0.0;RGB11=1.0;RGB12=0.0;break;case 3:RGB10=0.0;RGB11=0.0;RGB12=1.0;break;display(0);void subMenu2Func(int data) /设置控制键盘键switch(data)case 1:RGB20=1.0;RGB21=0.0;RGB22=0.0;break;case 2:RGB20=0.0;RGB21=1.0;RGB22=0.0;break;case 3:RGB20=0.0;RGB21=0.0;RGB22=1.0;break;display(0);void MenuFunc(int data)int subMenu1,subMenu2,Menu;int main(int argc, char* argv)glutInit(&argc, argv);glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB);glutInitWindowSize (wide, height);glutInitWindowPosition (100, 100); glutCreateWindow (argv0); init (); /创建菜单改变颜色 subMenu1 = glutCreateMenu(subMenu1Func);glutAddMenuEntry(红色?,1);glutAddMenuEntry(绿色?,2);glutAddMenuEntry(蓝?色?,3);glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON); /创建菜单改变颜色subMenu2 = glutCreateMenu(subMenu2Func);glutAddMenuEntry(红色?,1);glutAddMenuEntry(绿色?,2);glutAddMenuEntry(蓝?色?,3);glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON);Menu = glutCreateMenu(MenuFunc); /为两个菜单设置名字glutAddSubMenu(设置方块1的颜色,subMenu1);glutAddSubMenu(设置三角形1的?颜色,subMenu2);glutAttachMenu(GLUT_RIGHT_BUTTON); glutReshapeFunc (reshape); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutMouseFunc (mouse); glutKeyboardFunc (keyboard); glutMotionFunc(motion); glutMainLoop();/是程序的监听一直运行，保证捕捉到操作，直到 return 0;这是生成的图像：一个绿色的三角形和一个黄色的矩形 系统可以根据操作他们可以随着鼠标的拖动而移动 下面是移动的图像的截图：分别把三角形移动到上方 把矩形移动到下方下面分别通过右击更改图形的颜色，把三角形的颜色通过菜单选项改成了红色，下面将矩形的颜色改成绿色：编程任务3：利用三角形图元生成黑白相间的圆锥台，要求通过键盘或鼠标能够改变圆锥台地大端和小端直径。#include #include #include void init()glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0); /清除颜色并进行设置glOrtho(-100,100,-100,100,-100,100); /设置视口int D_top=10,D_bottom=20,H=20;float PI = 3.14159;void display()glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);int i=0;float angle=0.0f;glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);for(;i32;angle += PI/32.0f,i+)glColor3f(0.9,0.9,0.9);glVertex3f(D_bottom*cos(angle),D_bottom*sin(angle),0);glVertex3f(D_bottom*cos(angle+PI/16.0),D_bottom*sin(angle+PI/16.0),0);glVertex3f(D_top*cos(angle),D_top*sin(angle),H);glColor3f(0.1,0.1,0.2);glVertex3f(D_top*cos(angle),D_top*sin(angle),H);glVertex3f(D_top*cos(angle+PI/16.0),D_top*sin(angle+PI/16.0),H);glVertex3f(D_bottom*cos(angle+PI/16.0),D_bottom*sin(angle+PI/16.0),0);glEnd();glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN);glVertex3f(0,0,0);for(i=0;i33;angle += PI/16.0f,i+)glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);glVertex3f(D_bottom*cos(angle),D_bottom*sin(angle),0);glColor3f(0.1,0.1,0.2);glVertex3f(D_bottom*cos(angle+PI/32.0),D_bottom*sin(angle+PI/32.0),0);glEnd();glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN); /绘制图形glVertex3f(0,0,H);for(i=0;i32;angle += PI/32.0f,i+)glColor3f(1.0,1.0,1.0);glVertex3f(D_top*cos(angle),D_top*sin(angle),H);glColor3f(0.1,0.1,0.1);glVertex3f(D_top*cos(angle+PI/32.0),D_top*sin(angle+PI/32.0),H);glEnd();glFlush();void keyboard(unsigned char key, int x, int y) /设置移动键盘键switch(key)case x:printf(x);glRotatef(10,1.0,0.0,0.