重庆市高考英语 阅读理解选编65.doc

重庆市2017高考英语阅读理解选编（65）（2017高考训练）阅读理解。stressed? it is shown in recent research that walking or cycling to work calms you down (traveling by bus or train is also better than driving).walking to work reduces stress and improves brain power, researchers say. adults who stopped driving the car and started walking or cycling became calmer and found it easier to concentrate. a study of 18,000 britons found that going to work by train or bus improved their wellbeing compared with driving.the study, published in the journal preventive medicine, also found that the longer people spent walking or cycling, the happier or less stressed they were. however, stress levels and inability to concentrate worsened if they spent more time in the car.lead researcher adam martin, from the university of east anglias norwich medical school, said that despite the crowds and disruption, walking to bus stops or stations and being able to relax on the journey “cheer people up”. two thirds drive to work, 18 percent use public transport, 11 percent walk and 3 percent cycle.a research earlier this year found that commuters (乘公共车辆往返者) had small but statistically significant lower scores on all measures of wellbeing. the worst effects were witnessed in those whose journeys last between 61 and 90 minutes. but when commuting time reaches three hours or more, the negative effects disappear, the report said.“the effects of commuting on personal wellbeing are the greatest for anxiety and happiness, suggesting that commuting affects daytoday emotions more than overall evaluations of satisfaction with life or the sense that daily activities are worthwhile，” the report stated.dr daniel newman, from cardiff universitys sustainable places research institute, said, “this report says that many of us, who spend mornings and evenings sitting in traffic jam, already know: commuting can be a chore.”1.what can be learned from paragraph 1?a.driving for long drives people crazy.b.feeling stressed can be predicted.c.walking to work helps reduce stress.d.travelling by bus makes people excited.2.walking to work is something _.a.preferred by most peopleb.easier to perform in daily lifec.making people more creatived.beneficial to the sense of happiness3.what does the underlined word “chore” probably mean?a.tiresome task.b.amazing challenge.c.meaningless thing.d.financial trouble.4.what type of writing is this text?a.a scientific report.b.a transportation guide.c.a policy announcement.d.a new lifestyle introduction.1解析：选c细节理解题。通读第一段可以知道，步行去上班有利于缓解压力。2解析：选d细节理解题。第二、三段的内容告诉我们：研究发现步行上班有助于提高幸福指数。3解析：选a词义猜测题。最后一段中提到乘公交车上下班的人们早、晚都遇到交通堵塞，那肯定也是一件让人感到讨厌的事情。4解析：选a推理判断题。根据文章多处提到的researchers say, the study以及a research可推测，本文应该属于一篇科学研究报告。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。something that has always interested me about abraham lincoln is, not surprisingly, his sense of humor. as far as i can tell, hes the first american president to have one. thats because the term“sense of humor”really wasnt in common usage until the eighteen sixties and seventies. in the eighteen forties and fifties, it was called“the sense of the ridiculous”, and didnt have the positive connotations(隐含意义)that“sense of humor”has today. back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule(讥笑). funniness and cruelty went hand in hand. of course, they still do a lot of arm-in-arm walking in our day as well. lincolns humor was very different because, for one thing, it was actually“humor”as what the word meant in his time. we dont make the distinction between“wit(风趣)”and“humor”anymore; but in the nineteenth century people did. wit was unpleasant and offensive while humor was pleasant and sympathetic. its the difference we note now when we distinguish between“laughing with”and“laughing at”. lincoln was much more about“laughing with”than“laughing at”. and when“laughing at”, it was often himself he was teasing. in the famous lincoln-douglas debate, when douglas accused lincoln of being two-faced, lincoln replied, referencing his plain looking, “honestly, if i were two-faced, would i be showing you this one? ”and, in a way, lincolns face itself tells us much about his sense of humor. you can comb through thousands of photographs of politicians, soldiers, and the like from lincolns time and not find a single smile. true, the long exposures(曝光)required for photographs of that time made smiling difficult. yet lincoln alone, as far as i can tell, overcame that difficulty. interestingly, while having a sense of humor, or at least the appearance of one provided by comedy writers, has become a necessary characteristic for an american president in our time, in the nineteenth century, too much humor was considered a problem. and that was the case for lincoln. a journalist covering the lincoln-douglas debate commented that“i could not take a real personal liking to the man, owing to an inborn weakness for which he was even then notorious and so remained during his great public career, he was extremely fond of jokes, anecdotes, and stories. ”【文章大意】说起第16任美国总统亚伯拉罕林肯, 很多人会立即想起他对解放黑奴和维护美利坚联邦完整所做出的巨大贡献, 想起他能言善辩的口才和妙语连珠的演讲, 但却很少有人知道, 林肯的“幽默感”也开创了一个新时代。1. we can infer from paragraph 2 that. a. the american president could influence the use of englishb. the term“sense of humor”wasnt invented until the 1860sc. what is funny to someone might be offensive to someone elsed. the concept of humor remains the same despite the passing of time【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据该段中“didnt have the positive connotations thatsense of humorhas today(没有今天幽默感所具有的积极的隐含意义)”和“back then, what was ridiculous was what invited ridicule. (在当时, 好笑的事就是招致讥笑的事。)”可知c项正确。2. the underlined words“this one”in paragraph 4 refer to. a. lincolns unattractive faceb. lincolns sense of humorc. the debate they were havingd. cruelty that went with funniness【解析】选a。词义猜测题。在林肯与道格拉斯的辩论中, 道格拉斯批评林肯是两面派, 而林肯提到自己相貌平平(his plain looking), 接着指出“如果我是两面派, 我还会向你展现我相貌平平的一面吗”。这说明林肯很幽默。3. we rarely see people from lincolns time wear a smile in their photos because. a. being humorous was considered inappropriateb. they found it quite funny to smile before the camerac. not smiling for photographs was the fashiond. photography technology then was not advanced【解析】选d。细节理解题。从原文倒数第二段可知“当时摄影时, 照片曝光时间比较长, 这使得拍照时, 人们很难保持微笑”。4. what might the writer think of the journalist covering the lincoln-douglas debate? a. his comment accurately reflected his time. b. he created a false picture of lincoln. c. he was prejudiced and self-centered. d. he was brave to point out lincolns weakness. 【解析】选a。推理判断题。报道林肯与道格拉斯的辩论的记者所说的话准确地反映了当时那个时代。（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：议论文话题：自我推销词数：307时间：7according to a recent article in the wall street journal，we might all be braggarts(大话王) in this competitive society addicted to social networking.take a close look at your socialnetworking sites.do you like to post photos of yourself in restaurants to show others what an exciting life you have？or do you like to write about how happily in love you are？or perhaps you are of the subtle type who constantly complain about jobs but really just want to impress others with your important position.according to the results of a series of experiments conducted by harvard university neuroscientists (神经科学家)，the reward areas of our brainthe same areas that respond to “primary rewards” such as foodare activated when we talk about ourselves.we devote between 30 to 40 percent of our conversation time to doing just that.unfortunately，elizabeth bernstein，a columnist with the wall street journal，says，some people cant tell the difference between sharing positive information that others might actually want to know and direct bragging.she suggests that bragging involves comparison，whether stated or implied.“we are expected to be perfect all the time.the result is that more and more people are carefully managing their online images，”says elizabeth bernstein.but the issue is not limited to the internet.in a fiercely competitive job market we must sell ourselves on multiple platforms and show that we are better than others.in fact，we have become so accustomed to bragging that we dont even realize we are doing it，according to bernstein.this is harmful to our relationships and puts people off.bernstein talked to some experts who said that people brag for all sorts of reasons：to appear worthy of attention；to prove to ourselves we are doing fine and that people who said we would fail are wrong；or simply because were excited when good things happen to us.“feel sorry for them，because theyre doing this unconscious，destructive thing that wont help them in the long run，”said professor simian valier，a research psychologist at washington university.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。生活中，大话王最讨人嫌，可是不知不觉间，我们竟然开始用夸张的语言打造自己的形象。在疯狂吹嘘的背后，其实是一种自我营销，但是长远来看，这种方式对人们没有太大帮助。1the underlined word “subtle” in para.2 is closest in meaning to “_”ahidden bapparentcoutstanding dsimple答案a词义猜测题。根据画线词后的.but really just want to impress others with your important position.可知此单词意为“隐藏的，暗暗的，不明显的”。2which of the following is one of the features of braggarts?athey control conversation and only talk about themselves.bthey know well how to share positive information.cthey selfpromote to stand out in their career.dthey dont pay much attention to their online image.答案c细节理解题。根据第五段第二句in a fiercely competitive job market we must sell ourselves on multiple platforms and show that we are better than others.可知，在激烈的职场中，我们必须在多个平台推销自己来证明我们比别人更优秀。3what can we infer from the passage?abraggarts make a good first impression but the effect decreases over time.bpeople who like bragging know what they are doing.cbraggarts always adopt comparison directly to show they are excellent.dthey care much about the feelings of others when talking.答案a推理判断题。根据五段最后一句this is harmful to our relationships and puts people off.及最后一段的.theyre doing this unconscious，destructive thing that wont help them.可知答案为a项。4which would be the best title for the passage?aare you a braggart?bsociety addicted to networkingcwhy do we keep on bragging?dhow to deal with a braggart?答案a主旨大意题。本文作者首先指出生活中我们可能都是社交网络大话王，同时指出吹牛这个问题不仅存在于互联网，也在职场中存在，并分析其原因，加以评论。所以a项正确。c项为强干扰项，但细读文章发现，c项只是全文内容的一部分。【2015高考复习】阅读理解public bookshelves are appearing across germany on street corners，city squares and in suburban supermarkets.in these freeforall libraries，people can grab whatever they want to read，and leave behind anything they want for others.theres no need to register，no due date，and you can take or give as many as you want.“this project is aimed at everyone who likes to read.it is open for everybody，” michael aubermann，one of the organizers of the free book exchange said.the western citys latest public shelf was put up next to bayenturm.it is the fourth free shelf that aubermanns group，the cologne citizens foundation，has placed outside.“we set up our other outdoor shelves last year and its been working really well，” said aubermann.the public bookshelves，which are usually financed by donations and cared for by local volunteer groups，have appeared independently of each other in many cities，suburbs and villages.each shelf holds around 200 books and it takes about six weeks for a complete turnover，with all the old titles replaced by new ones.even commercial book stores and online book sellers seem to support the idea of free book exchanges.“we see this project rather as a sales promotion than as competition，” said elmar muether.“if books are present everywhere，it helps our business，too.”so far，the cologne book group has had few problems with damage or other problems.aubermann said，“propaganda (宣传) is the only kind of literature we do not allow here.” at another bookshelf in the bayenthal neighborhood，the lower shelves are reserved for childrens literature only.“it is important that we make it easy for everyone to participate in this reading culture on the streetfrom old readers to kids to immigrants，” aubermann said.while most of the shelves have so far been put up in upscale_neighborhoods，aubermann and the 20 volunteers who help look after the project are planning to put up future shelves in poor neighborhoods，where citizens often dont have as much access to literature.【语篇解读】在德国的城市街角、广场和郊区超市，一排排公共书架出现在人们的视野中。你可以随意取阅或捐赠图书。这项免费换书活动得到了人们的支持。1which of the following is true about t