托马斯哈代介绍ppt课件.ppt

ThomasHardy 1840 1928 Englishpoetandnovelist famousforhisdepictionsoftheimaginarycountry Wessex Hardy sworksreflectedhisstoicalpessimismandsenseoftragedyinhumanlife 09英本682 1 Contents BriefIntroductionMajorWorksTessoftheD Urbervilles 2 Born 2June1840Died 11January1928Occupation architectwriter Naturalist Novelist Poet andShortStorywriter afamouscriticalrealisticwriterthelastimportantnovelistoftheVictorianage 3 Attheageof16 hebecameapprenticedtoalocalarchitect buthegaveuparchitecturein1874 Becauseofmarriage hebegantowritepoemsandnovels whichidealizedtherurallife Tess 1891 andJude 1896 shockedBritishpruderiesandHardywasterriblyabusedforbeing filthy Hardyannouncedin1896thatJudewashislastnovel andturnedwithrelieftothewritingofpoetry Hardy sfinalyearswerefullofhonors Hediedin1928 4 BecausemostofHardy snovelstakeplaceinthe partly real partly dream countyofWessex namedaftertheAnglo Saxonkingdomwhichexistedinthearea hisnovelswerecalledWessexNovel 威塞克斯小说 theevolutionofWessextheEnglishsocietyinthe19thcentury loveforhishometown hisindividualphilosophy 5 Hardy sworkasanarchitect 6 In1870 whileonanarchitecturalmissiontorestoretheparishchurchinCornwall HardymetandfellinlovewithEmmaLaviniaGifford whomhemarriedin1874 Althoughhelaterbecameestrangedfromhiswife whodiedin1912 herdeathhadatraumaticeffectonhim Afterherdeath HardymadeatriptoCornwalltorevisitplaceslinkedwiththeircourtship andhisPoems1912 13reflectuponherpassing In1914 HardymarriedhissecretaryFlorenceEmilyDugdale whowas39yearshisjunior However heremainedpreoccupiedwithhisfirstwife sdeathandtriedtoovercomehisremorsebywritingpoetry 7 Hardy sFirstWife EmmaGifford awomanofhighsocialstatus ShehadaveryinterestingpersonalityandwasalwaysrememberbyvisitorstotheHardyhousehold Shediedin1912 ThomasandEmmaHardyresidedatMaxGatefrom1884onward DesighedbyHardyhimself 8 Secondwife Hardy snurse companionandfan In1914 HardymarriedhissecretaryFlorenceEmilyDugdale whowas39yearshisjunior DuetoFlorence scare Hardycouldremainhealthyandcontinuehiswritingcareer 9 托马斯哈代 1840 1928 英国诗人 小说家 他是横跨两个世纪的作家 早期和中期的创作以小说为主 继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统 晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学 哈代1840年6月2日生于英国西南部的一个小村庄 毗邻多塞特郡大荒原 这里的自然环境日后成了哈代作品的主要背景 他的父亲是石匠 但爱好音乐 父母都重视对哈代的文化教育 1856年哈代离开学校 给一名建筑师当学徒 1862年前往伦敦 任建筑绘图员 并在伦敦大学进修语言 开始文学创作 10 哈代的文学生涯开始于诗歌 后因无缘发表 改事小说创作 他的第一部长篇小说 计出无奈 问世于1871年 成名作是他的第四部小说 远离尘嚣 1874 从此 他放弃建筑职业 致力于小说创作 哈代一生共发表了近20部长篇小说 其中最著名的当推 德伯家的苔丝 无名的裘德 还乡 和 卡斯特桥市长 诗8集 共918首 此外 还有许多以 威塞克斯故事 为总名的中短篇小说 以及长篇史诗剧 列王 哈代的作品反映了资本主义侵入英国农村城镇后所引起的社会经济 政治 道德 风俗等方面的深刻变化以及人民 尤其是妇女 的悲惨命运 揭露了资产阶级道德 法律和宗教的虚伪性 他的作品承上启下 既继承了英国批判现实主义的优秀传统 也为20世纪的英国文学开拓了道路 11 The1stperiod romanticandpastoralMasterpieces UndertheGreenTreeFarfromtheMaddingCrowdThe2ndperiod thesocialtragedyofWessexMasterpieces TheReturnoftheNativeTheMayorofCasterbridgeThe3rdperiod thepessimisticfateofthevillagersinWessexMasterpieces TessoftheD Urbervilles 1891 JudetheObscure 1896 HisMajorWorks 12 Earlyworks 描写英国农村的恬静景象和明朗的田园生活 UndertheGreenwoodTree 1872 the1stnovelofcountrylife 绿荫下 APairofBlueEyes 一双湛蓝的眼睛 1873 FarfromtheMaddingCrowd 1874 his1stmasterpiece 远离尘嚣 Theturningpoint TheReturnoftheNative 1878 还乡 的出版确立了哈代作为重要作家的地位 也标志着作者开始转向悲剧题材TheMayorofCasterbridge 1886 卡斯特桥市长 展示了一场性格悲剧 13 ShortstoriesAlicia sDiary 1887 ATragedyOfTwoAmbitions 1888 PoetryWessexPoemsandOtherVerses 1898 SatiresofCircumstance 1914 DramaTheDynasts versedrama 14 HisMajorWorks Hardyhimselfdividedhisnovelsintothreegroups 1 NovelsofCharacter Environment2 NovelsofRomances Fantasies3 NovelsofIngenuity 15 1 NovelsofCharacterandEnvironment 性格与环境小说 ThePoorManandtheLady 1867 unpublishedandlost 穷汉与贵妇人 UndertheGreenwoodTree 1872 绿树荫下 FarfromtheMaddingCrowd 1874 远离尘嚣 TheMayorofCasterbridge 1886 卡斯特桥市长 Tessofthed Urbervilles 1891 德伯家的苔丝 JudetheObscure 1895 无名的裘德 16 Heexploredtragiccharactersstrugglingagainsttheirpassions socialcircumstances sethisfictionsinthesemi fictionallandofWessexwherehegrewup ThisClassisaboutpeople spursuittohappinessandawarenessoftheirdreams reflectingtheacuteconflictsbetweenpeopleandtheenvironmentaroundthem 17 2 RomancesandFantasies 传奇与幻想小说 APairofBlueEyes 1873 一双蓝眼睛 TwoonaTower 1882 塔里的两个人 TheWell Beloved 1897 firstpublishedasaserialfrom1892 心爱的人 mainlytalkaboutromanticlovestories 18 3 NovelsofIngenuity 机巧和实验小说 DesperateRemedies 1871 铤而走险 TheHandofEthelberta 1876 埃塞尔伯塔的婚姻 ALaodicean 1881 冷漠的人 19 Majorworks UndertheGreenwoodTree FarfromtheMaddingCrowd 1874 TheReturnoftheNative 1878 WessexTales 1888 TheWoodlanders 1887 TheMayorofCasterbridge 1886 20 Hardy stwonovels Tessofthed Urbervilles 1891 andJudetheObscure 1895 arehislastlongfictionworks ThelastnovelschallengedthesensibilitiesofVictorianreaderswithsituationsthatruffledmanyaVictorianfeather immoralsex murder illegitimatechildren andtheunmarriedlivingtogether HeateddebateandcriticismoverthesetwobookshelpedHardydecidethathewouldratherwritepoetry Infact sostungwashebythecriticismofhisworksthatHardydidnotwriteanothernovel 21 JudeTheObscure Hardy sJudeTheObscure 1895 arousedevenmoredebate Thestorydramatizedtheconflictbetweencarnalandspirituallife tracingJudeFawley slifefromhisboyhoodtohisearlydeath JudemarriesArabella butdesertsher Hefallsinlovewithhiscousin hypersensitiveSueBridehead whomarriesthedecayingschoolmaster Phillotson inamasochistfit JudeandSueobtaindivorces buttheirlifetogetherdeterioratesunderthepressureofpovertyandsocialdisapproval TheeldestsonofJudeandArabella agrotesqueboynicknamed FatherTime killstheirchildrenandhimself Brokenbytheloss SuegoesbacktoPhillotson andJudereturnstoArabella SoonthereafterJudedies 22 TessofTheD Urbervilles ItcameintoconflictwithVictorianmorality ItexploredthedarksideofhisfamilyconnectionsinBerkshire InthestorythepoorvillagergirlTessDurbeyfieldisseducedbythewealthyAlecD Uberville Shebecomespregnantbutthechilddiesininfancy TessfindsworkasadairymaidonafarmandfallsinlovewithAngelClare aclergyman sson TheymarrybutwhenTesstellsAngelaboutherpast hehypocriticallydeserther TessbecomesAlec smistress AngelreturnsfromBrazil repentinghisharshness butfindsherlivingwithAlec TesskillsAlecindesperation sheisarrestedandhanged 23 TessoftheD Urbervilles APureWoman atragiclifeaboutonebeautifulandpuregirlafterdisgraceTess 1891 cameintoconflictwithVictorianmoralityoneofthemostinfluentialworksofHardy s agreatclassicofEnglishliteraturewellreceived butheavilycriticized 24 Maincharacters Tess Theoldestdaughterfromapoorfamilywithanobleorigin Alec Angel Ayoungmanwhohatestheoldfamilyandlikesfarming Arichmanfromawea