Unit6 electricity.doc

Unit 3 ElectricityName： Period 1新课讲授1 words精讲1. electricity, n.电力；电流，静电；高涨的情绪；紧张如：At night these streets are brilliant with a pearly radiance of electricity. While I was cooking supper, the electricity went off.链接：electrical电的, 有关电的；electric电的, 导电的, 电动的；electron电子2. foolish，adj.愚蠢的；鲁莽的；荒谬的，可笑的如：He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake.We were all amused at his foolish behaviour.链接：fool (n.) 傻瓜 + ish foolish (adj.) 愚蠢的What a fool I was to believe he is a good man!A fool always finds a greater fool than himself.3. bulb，n. 电灯泡 如：The light bulb in the kitchen burnt out.I will have to change the bulb by myself.4. test, v.回转，返回； n.归来，返乡。如：After I made a model plane, I tested it.The new drug will be tested first on animals.5. wire, n. 金属丝;金属线；vi.拍电报如：Electricity is carried along wires.Will you connect this wire to the television?Each of the homes has a security system and is wired for cable television.链接：by wire用电报，通过电报；wire-to-wire (北美，非正式)从起点到终点；自始至终 6. bettery, n.电电池，蓄电池；军炮台，炮位；如：He is charging a storage battery.He was an okay battery commander.7. reply, n.答复、报复（行动）； vi.法律（原告对被告）答辩、作答；vt.回应，作出反应如：His evasive reply prompted me to ask another question.To their surprise, hundreds replied to the advertisement.8. tidy，adj.整洁的、数量大的； n.盛零碎物品的容器、 椅子的背罩；vt.& vi.使整洁； 弄整齐如：It was a neatly furnished and immaculately tidy room.A tidy amount of money is a large amount. She made her bed, and tidied her room.链接：tidiness，n. 整洁 Im very impressed by your tidiness and order.9. identify, vt.识别、认出， 确定，使参与， 把看成一样；vi.确定； 认同如：Could you identify your sunshade among a hundred others.The reporters identified one of the six Americans as an Army Specialist.Reading this book, we can identify with the main characters struggle.链接：dentical adj 同样的；identification n. 辨认, 鉴定, 证明; identify v. 识别, 鉴别,确定10. conversaon, n.交谈、会话,交往、交际；会谈、（人与计算机的）人机对话如：Please pull up a chair and join the conversation. If you have a conversation with someone, you talk with them, usually in an informal situation. 11. anyone, pron. 任何人；任何一个；谁如：That dog will pick a quarrel with anyone he meets.Dont repeat what Ive told you to anyone, its private.链接：anyones game平局It was still anyones game at half-time.中场休息时还是平局。12. cooker, n. 电冰箱；冷冻机如：The cooker is not yet wired in to the main supply.Mum has just won a microwave cooker.13. fridge，n. 电冰箱；冷冻机如：I put the milk and meat in the fridge.This kind of deodorizer can keep the fridge free of bad smells. 链接：refrigerator 冰箱（fridge是缩写） 14. lock n. 锁；一把，一撮 ;vt. 锁上；使固定；隐藏 ;vi. 卡住，不动如：She brushed a lock of hair off his forehead.They beat them up and locked them in a cell. Are you sure you locked the front door?链接：lock out停工；lock on to（用雷达或类似手段）定位跟踪（目标）15. cable, n. 缆绳绳索；电学电缆；巨缆 ;vt. 发电报至；电传；固定系牢如：Steel cable will be used to replace worn ropes.She sent a cable to her mother. 16. moment, n. 瞬间，片刻；时刻；重要，紧要; 红极一时如：Ill be back in a moment.The moment the clown appeared on stage, the audience folded up. Hes the man of the moment, isnt he?链接：for the moment暂时目前； at the (或 this) moment马上，任何一刻，随时。 17. touch, vt.触摸；使某物与轻轻接触； n.触摸，碰；触觉，润色，痕迹；vi.接触；联系如：I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.She was off work with a touch of flu. He kept in touch with us while he was on vacation.链接：get in touch with 和.取得联系;keep in touch with 和保持联系。 二Phrases精讲1. (be) careful with小心对待;谨慎处理These glasses are very expensive, so he is very careful with them.Be careful with those fireworks. They may cause fire.2. connect to（使）连接；联结Connect the hose to the tap and turn on the tap.Please connect me to the number in the USA 3. power station n. 发电厂;发电站 He took us to see the power station they built.The new power station has already come into operation.4. switch off关(电灯,机器)Please switch the light off before leaving the room.Last night you forgot to switch off the television.5. turn off 关上 (switch on, turn on打开)In order to save electricity, please turn off/ switch off all the lights when you leave the room.三sentenses精讲1. Im going to buy a packet of sweets.a packet of 一袋。其后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词用来表示数量。不可数名词没有复数形式，在表示数量时，常用“a+单位量词+of+不可数名词”结构。a+单位量词+of+不可数名词a piece of meat; a piece of paper; a glass of apple juice; a bag of milka +单位量词+of+可数名词复数a basket of eggs; a bag of apples数词+单位量词+of+不可数名词two glasses of water; three cups of tea数词+单位量词+of+可数名词复数two packets of sweets ; three bags of pencils 2. It is like water, in a wayit a way 在某种程度上In a way, you are right. 在某种程度上,你是对的.与way的相关短语:In the way 妨碍;挡道His hobby sometimes gets in the way of his studies. 有时他的爱好妨碍了他的学业.on the way 在途中;在路中He is on the way to school now. 他现在在上学的途中.by the way 顺便问一下 By the way, who is Tom? 顺便问一下,谁是汤姆?all the way 一直He studies hare all the way. 他学习一直很努力. 3. Electricity comes into our flat through thin wires. 电通过细电线进入我们的公寓.come into 进入之内Water comes into our houses through pipes. 4. These are connected to cables under the streetconnect 连接 常用结构: be connected to sth. 连接到 ; connect sth. to/with 把和连接起来.Turn on your computer and connect it to the Internet.The railway line connects Wuhan to Shanghai. 5. A moment later, Daisy came back. (1)moment 可数名词,意为”瞬间;片刻”Id like to talk to you for a moment. 与moment相关的短语: a moment ago 刚刚;刚才He was here a moment ago. at the moment 现在;此刻He is at home at the moment.wait a moment 等一会儿Wait a moment, please.(2) later 副词,意为”后来;以后”6. Batteries provide toy cars with provide sb. with sth. 供应给某人某物 The sun provides us with light and heat. “为某人提供某物”还可以用 provide sth. for sb. 7. .speak as many languages as Lo. 说和Lo一样多的语言. “as many + 复数名词+as ” 意为”和一样多的” I have as many books as you. 我和你有一样多的书.“as much +不可数名词+as” 意为”和一样多的” My brother drinks as much milk as I every day. 8. share cups with others 与别人合用杯子 share sth. with sb. 与某人合用/分享某物 Lucy shares a bedroom with Lily. 露西和莉莉合用一间卧室.9. Keep the outside of the pot dry. 让锅的外表保持干燥。(1 )“keep + sb. / sth. + 形容词” 意为“让某人/某物保持某种状态”。(2) keep doing sth. 连续不断地做某事，一直做。强调不断重复的动作。Li Lei keeps buying books about cars. 李雷不断地买有关车的书。(3) keep sb./ sth. doing sth. 让某人不断地做某事(4) keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事We must keep them from getting to know our plans. 我们必须防止他们知道我们的计划。10. because it might start a fire. 因为它可能会引起火灾。might 情态动词，意为“可能，也许”。Im afraid it might rain today. 恐怕今天会下雨。11. Stand at least one metre away from the microwave when it is on. at least 至少A child must sleep at least eight hours a day. 与least有关的短语：(1) not in the least 一点也不He is not in the least worried about his future.他一点也不担心他的未来。(2) least of all 最不的 Nobody cared, least of all my little brother. 没有人在意，更不用说我的小弟弟了。12. make sure it is microwave safe. 确保它适用于微波炉。Make sure 务必，确信课堂练习1.Mum makes me eat an apple every day _ the doctor away. A.keeps B. is kept C. to keep D. kept 2.Farmers have become _ in our hometown in recent years. A.more and more rich B. richer and richer C. more rich and more rich 3.With the help of the new technology, you _ e-mail your friends by mobile phone. A.can B. must C. need D. should 4.-_ I swim here? -Im sorry. Children _ swim alone here.A.Must; cant B. May; must C. Can; mustnt D. Cant; can5.You _ jump onto a bus while it is still moving. It is too dangerous.A.can B. must C. cant D. mustnt6.-Can he speak English?7.-_.A.Yes, he does B.Yes,he did C. Yes, he can D.Yes, he must 8._ call me Mimi! Its my cats name.A.Not B. Doesnt C. Dont D. Be not 9.Look, the dining hall is right on _ side of the street.A.another B. other C. the another D. the other 10.-What can I do for you? -Id like two _.A.packet of tea B. packets of apple C. packets of tea D. packet of apples11.Its too late. Its time to go to bed. Lily, _ the TV. A.switch on B. switch off C. turn up D. close12.The computer is connected _ a machine. A.at B. to C. on D. in 13.I asked him twice. But he didnt _ my questions.A.answers B. answer to C. reply D. reply to14.I washed a lot of clothes. Who can _?A.tidy up them B. tidy them up C. tidy it up D. tidy up it15.About _ people took part in planting trees last year. A.million of B.two millions C. two million D. two millions of三 Grammar精讲：情态动词1、情态动词的定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。 2、情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) . 3、情态动词的位置: 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。 He must have been away.他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 你要什么？ How dare you treat us like that！你怎能那样对待我们！ 4、情态动词的特点: 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。 He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We cant carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 Im sorry I cant help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。 5、情态动词的用法: can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及 客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。 Can you pass me the books? 你能给我递一下书吗 ? Could you help me, please? 请问,你能帮助我吗? What can you do?你能干点什么呢? Can you be sure?你有把握吗? 5、can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。 He could help us at all. 他完全可以帮助我们。 With the teachers help,I shall be able to speak English correctly. 由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。 may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。 You may take the book home. 你可以把书带回家去. May I come in? 我可以进来吗? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的词典吗?You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿点衣服. He said he might lend us some money. 他说他可以借给我们一些钱。6、may 否定式为 may not, 缩写形式是 maynt.might 是may 的过去式, 有两种用法, 一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气, 使语气更加委婉, 客气或对可能性的怀疑。 He told me he might be here on time. 他说他能按时间来。Might I borrow some money now. 我可以借点钱吗? He might be alive. 他可能还活着。7、Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。 must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 I must finish my work today.我今天必须完成我的工作。 You mustnt work all the time. 你不能老是工作 Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必须明天还书吗?After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了这么长的路,你一定困了。 He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day. 那天他要走是因为有人叫他。must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。He must have told my parents about it.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。 He must have received my letter now. 他现在一定收到我的信了Its six oclock already, we must have been late again.已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。 must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。 You must do it now. 你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)I have to go now. 我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走) need 需要 多用在否定式或疑问句中. Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?我需要明天参加会议吗? You need not hand in the paper this week. 这一周你不必交论文。 8、need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. 我上学需要一辆自行车。 Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗?She needs a necklace. 她需要一条项链。 neednt + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 You neednt have taken it seriously. 这件事情你不必太认真。dare 敢 多用在否定或疑问句中。 The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小猫吗? 9、dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗？ He doesnt dare to tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告诉老师那天发生的事。 10、ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽车,你应该读这些书。 You ought to bring the child here. 你应该把孩子带来。 ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 你昨天就应该来。ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room. 你不应该把书带出阅览室。 11、will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, 可用于各人称。 Ill do my best to catch up with them. 我要尽全力赶上他们。 Ill never do it again, thats the last time. 我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。He said he would help me. 他说他会帮助我will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。 Its hot. Will you open the windows? 天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗? 12、Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。 Will you help me to work it out? 你能帮我解这道题吗? Would you like some coffee？给你来点咖啡怎样？ You should hand in the exercise book. 你应该交作业本儿了。 This should be no problem. 这应该没问题。Shall we go now. 我们现在可以走了吗? Why should I meet him？为什么我要见他? 13、have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须。I have to go now. 我现在得走了。 I have to cook for my child. 我得给孩子做饭。 You must be here on time next time. 你下次一定要按时来。 We must go to get the timetable ourselves. 我们一定要自己去拿时刻表。 用 must ，mustnt， may， may not， can 或cant 填空 This is Mrs Lees first trip to Canada, She _ only speak a little French and a little English, Today, she will go the Canadian Embassy to get visas for the family, She knows she _ forget to take all the familys passports with her or they will not get visas. She _ get there before the embassy clothes Dean has just bought three pairs of skis. He is trying, but he _ carry them all at the same time, He wants to take a taxi home, but the taxi wont stop for hin. He _ find a taxi queue if he wants a taxi.一、选择填空1. ( )May I borrow your books?- Yes,you .A. may B. can C. must D. need2. ( )Im getting fatter and fatter now. What should I do, doctor?-Youd better eat food and take exercise.A.less;less B.more;more C.more;less D.less;more3. ( )The TV is too noisy, Mum! -Sorry my dear, I will at once.A.turn it down B.turn it on C.turn it off D.turn it up4. ( )Do you know ?A.whose book is this B.whose book this is C.this book is whose D.whos book is5. ( )I my bag in my classroom yesterday afternoon.A.forget B.forgot C.will leave D.left6. ( )They to there at five yesterday afternoon.A.reached B.arrived C.got D.arrived in7. ( )How much the shoes? -Five dollars enough.A.is;is B.is;are C.are;are D.are;is8. ( )Look at that man over there. he be our teacher Mr.Luo?-He be him. He has gone to Beijing.A.May;must B.Can;may C.Can;cant D.May;cant9.( )How is your life? -Although that I live ,but I dont feel .A.alone;alone B.lonely;lonely; C.alone;lonely D.lonely;alone10.( ) _ climb that tall tree? A.Do you need B.Are you need C.Need you D.Need you to11.( )Some warm-hearted animals _ hibernate (冬眠) A.neednt B.does not need to C.neednt to D.dont need 12.( )_I go and apologize to my teacher for my mistake? A. Should B.Need C.Can D. May 13.( )Parents must take good care of their children, _they?A.mustnt B.dont C.neednt D.arent 14.( )May I stop my car here,sir? -No,you .A.may not B.mustnt C.cant D.neednt15.( ) I change the bulb now? -No,you may not. You switch off the electricity.A.Can;need B.May;must C.Must;must D.Can;must16.( )John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A.may B.can C.has to D.must 17.( )Is Tom at home now?-He be at home,now.Because I his room just now,and he answered.A.must;called B.cant;phone C.may;called D.must;phoned18.( )Shall I tell Tom something about it? -No,you .A.mustnt B.neednt C.cant D.wont19.( )My mother is ill.So I to look after my little brother.A.must B.may C.have to D.should20.( )Im afraid it _rain tonight. A.can B.could C.may be D.mightPeriod3课后练习一、选择填空： ( )1.LastSunday,mycousintookmetothezoo.Therewesaw_elephant._elephantwasfromAfrica. A.a.theB.an.anC.an.theD.the./( )2.HaveyouheardoftheaccidentaboutLucyandherfriend? Accident?No,Ihavent.Tellmeabout_ A.itB.herC.himD.them( )3._oneevening,Eddietookhiswifetoapartyathisfriendshome.Theyenjoyedthemselvesverymuch. A.i