湖南省岳阳市湘阴县第一中学高一英语下学期默背材料.doc

湖南省岳阳市湘阴县第一中学2015-2016学年高一英语下学期默背材料m3u1 the world of our senseswords:1. confuse vt.使糊涂，使迷confusing adj.令人迷惑的confused adj. 感到迷惑的confusion n. 迷惑，糊涂2. observe vt.观察；注意到；评论 observer n.观察者，评论者 observation n.观察，评论3. employ vt.使用；雇佣employment n.雇佣employer n.雇主employee n.雇员4. puzzle n.迷, 疑问vt.迷惑，使困惑puzzlement n.困惑puzzling adj.令人困惑的puzzled adj.感到困惑的5. attract vt. 吸引attraction n.吸引力attractive adj.吸引人的6. analyse vt. 分析analysis n.分析analytical adj. 分析的,善于分析的7. hesitate vi. 犹豫，迟疑不决hesitation n.犹豫hesitant adj.犹豫不决的hesitantly adv. 犹豫不决地8. anxious adj. 焦虑，忧虑anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑9. hopeful adj. 抱有希望的hope n. 希望hopeless n.无希望的10. fog n. 雾foggy adj. 有雾的，雾茫茫的11. volunteer n. 志愿者vi. & vt.自愿做，义务做voluntary adj. 志愿的，自愿的12. panic vi. & n. 惊慌，恐慌 (panicking / panicked)13. crossroads n. 十字路口(单复同形)14. helper n.帮助者help n. & vt.帮助helpful adj.有帮助的helpless adj.无帮助的15. relief n. 轻松，宽慰relieve v 缓解，解除16. disability n. 缺陷；伤残disabled adj. 残疾的able adj. 有能力的，能够的ability n. 能力17. narrow adj. 狭窄的narrowly adv. 勉强地phrases：1. 相互影响affect each other 2. 用凸起的小圆点in raised dots 3. 被笼罩在薄雾中be covered in a grey mist4. 午餐时分at lunch 5. 步入浓雾中step out into the fog 6. 收下她的车费take her fare 7. （车子）开那么远run that far 8. 扫视一下她周围的一张张面孔glance at / take a glance at the faces around her9. 到处找不到nowhere / not anywhere to be seen 10. 在视线之内in sight; within / in ones sight 11. 出发set off 12. 下车get out / off 13. 其余的人 / 物the rest 14. 听到由远及近的脚步声hear the sound of footsteps approaching 15. 感到她的心脏因害怕而怦怦直跳feel her heart beating with fear 16. 热心的陌生人the helpful stranger 17. 渴望，企盼wish for / hope for 18. 一起来；出现；进展come along 19. 恐惧让她挪不动脚步fear held her still 20. 从黑暗中出来come out of the darkness 21. 伸出（手）reach out 达成协议reach ( come to/ arrive at) an agreement 22. 盯着看stare at 23. 小心, 注意watch out for/ look out for/ be careful of24. 在十字路口at the crossroads25. 向左转turn left26. 担心、焦虑feel anxious27. 将她的手握得更紧hold her hand more firmly28. 感恩的帮助者 the grateful helper29. 如释重负in relief30. 休息一会儿rest for a while31. 离开be off32. 报答; 报复; 还掉pay back 33. 通过；使.被理解 get across34. 关系重大；有所作为；造成差别；有不同之处 make difference35. 采取措施；走（多少）步take steps36. 从一个地方到另一个地方from one place to another37. 作为一个辅助手段 as an aid帮助某人come to ones aid38. 随身带拐杖 carry a stick with sb.39. 置身于之外stay out of40. 偶遇run into / come across / meet with / happen to meet / meet by chance 41. 同时at the same time42. 在某些情况in some cases43. 挨饿go hungry44. 无法负担物价的上涨 cannot afford the increase of the price45. 转向；变成；求助于；致力于；开始行动 turn to46. 明天的天气预报the weather forecast for tomorrow47. 午夜后可能有暴风雨with a storm likely after midnight48. 好闻的味道pleasant smells49. 减少痛苦reduce pain50. 相信be convinced of / that51. 在一项科研中in a scientific study / research 52. 分析结果analyse / analyze the result53. 和有关be related to/ be linked to54. 突然all of a sudden55. 突然响起 ring out56. 使暖和起来warm up57. 因呆住be frozen with58. 恢复体力recover some strength59. 靠近营地 get close to the camp60. 找到路；找到解决办法；find ones way推开人群挤过去find / push ones way 艰难前进make ones way to61. 制定出安全的治疗方案work out a safe treatment plan62. 在不久的将来in the near future63. 入睡fall asleep64. 对犹豫hesitate about65. 咬苹果bite into the apple66. 充分利用 make the most of / make the best of / make full use of67. 与相反contrary to 相反地on the contrary 68. 把误认为mistake for 69. 导致result in / lead to / contribute to 70. 减少鲨鱼袭击的几率reduce the risk of a shark attack71. 在黑暗中 in the dark / darkness蒙在鼓里in the dark72. 在很远处 over a long distance 在远处in the distance73. 保持冷静 keep calm74. 冲向 rush towards 75. 放开鸟儿set the bird loose / free76. 前线 the front line77. 从古代起since ancient times78. 有极强的方向感have a wonderful sense of directionsentences：1. once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop. 一走到街上，她就快步向平常乘车的公交站走去。2. the truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far. 现实情况是雾太浓了，公交车跑不了那么远。3. the tall man was nowhere to be seen.那个高个子男人不见了。4. there was no one in sight. 那里空无一人。5. as polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in the dark overcoat. 当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时， 她感觉有个穿着黑色大衣的高个子男人一直在看着她。6. polly found herself staring up at the face of an old man with a beard. 波莉抬头看去， 发现是一位长着络腮胡子的老人。7. thank you so much for coming to my aid.非常感谢你帮忙。8. it gives me the chance to pay back the help that people give me when its sunny.这给了我一个机会，来回报晴天时人们给我的帮助。9. in a scientific study, doctors asked 20 men and 20 women to keep their hands in very hot water for as long as possible while breathing in different smells.在一项科研中，医生让20位男士和20位女士闻不同气味，同时将手尽可能长时间地放在很热的水中10. in the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish, but when it tastes human flesh it decides to give up and swims away.在主要的情形中，鲨鱼攻击你是因为它把你错当成了鱼，但当它发觉是人肉的味道时，就会决定放弃并游开。11. in the second type, the shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten, and then bites you if it thinks you are.在第二种情形中，鲨鱼会用鼻子推搡你，以弄清你是否适合被食用。如果它觉得适合，便会咬你。12. he rolls up the paper and puts it into a small case, and then reaches into a cage and gets a bird.他把纸片卷起来，放进一个小盒子里，然后伸手探入一个笼子，捉出一只鸟来。13. though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the office uses is the same bird often seen in public parks- the pigeon.虽然这似乎令人难以置信，但那名军官所用的鸟儿和我们常在公园里看到的一种鸟是同样的-鸽子。14. the pigeon s appear to have a compass inside them that tells them which way is north. 鸽子体内似乎有一只罗盘，告诉它们何处是北。module 3 unit 2 languagewords：1. occupy vt. 占领；占用（时间、空间等）occupation n.职业，占据2. mixture n. 混合，混合体mixed adj. 混合的mix v. 混合3. official adj. 官方的，正式的 n. （文）官员officially adv. 正式地officer n. （武）官员office n. 办公室4. contribution n. 贡献，促成因素；捐赠contribute vt.& vi贡献，投稿5. replace vt. 替换，代替，取代replacement n. 代替6. entire adj. 完全的，整个的entirely adv. 完全地7. servant n. 仆人serve vt.服务；vi. 服役service n. 服务8. greek adj. 希腊语的，希腊（人）的 n. 希腊语，希腊人greece n. 希腊8. spelling n. 拼写spell vt. 拼写10. concern n. 关心；忧虑 vt. 涉及；使担忧；对感兴趣concerning prep. 关于concerned adj. 关心的，忧虑的11. pure adj. 纯的，纯净的，纯粹的purity n. 纯洁purify vt. 净化12. racial adj. 人种的，种族的race n. 种族；比赛13. gentle adj. 温柔的，平和的gently adv. 温和地gentleman n. 绅士14. embarrass vt. 使尴尬，使难堪embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的embarrassment n. 尴尬15. conclusion n. 结论；推论conclude vt.推断16. mistaken adj. 错误的；误解的mistake n. 错误 v. 错误地认为17. differ vi. 相异，有区别different adj. 不同的differently adv. 不同地difference n. 不同18. writing n. 文字；文字作品write v. 写作，写writer n. 作家19. hunt vi. & vt. 打猎，猎杀；搜寻hunter n. 猎人20. appearance n. 外观，外貌appear vi. 出现disappear vi. 消失disappearance n. 消失21. combine vt. & vi. 组合；（使）联合combination n. 结合，联合22. indicate vt. 显示，表示；象征，暗示indication n.显示，表明 indicative adj. 象征性的，暗示性的indicator n. 暗示物，提示物23. press vt. （被）压，挤，推，施加压力 n. 报刊；新闻界；出版社pressure n. 压力24. convenient adj. 方便的conveniently adv. 方便地，便利地convenience n. 方便25. practical adj. 切实可行的，实用的practice n. 实践，练习practise vt. 练习phrases：1. 与不同 be different from 2. 以命名 name after3除.之外 aside from 4. 控制 take control of 5. 担任工作 work as 6. 扮演重要的角色，参与 play an important part in 7. 一方面另一方面 on the one hand. on the other hand 8. 对做出贡献 make contributions to / contribute to 9. 而不是 rather than / instead of 10. 导致 result in / lead to11. 尽管 even though/if / while / though / although 12. 由组成 be made up of / consist of 13. 作为一个总体 as a whole 14. 由于，因为 in that15. 对于某人来说做是方便 it is convenient for sb. to do sth.16. 由.发展而来 develop from 17. 有实践作用 be of practical use 18. 从事 work on 19. 在13岁时 at the age of 13 20. 代表 stand for21. 为制定标准 set a standard for 22. 禁止阻止. ban/ forbid sb. from doing23. 最后，总之 in conclusion / in a word 24. 集中于, 专心于 concentrate on 25. 继续做某事 keep on doing 26. 经历，通过 go through27 有机会，权利接触到 have/gain/get access to 28 忙于做某事 be occupied with/ in doing sth29 作为.的结果 as a result of 30 在许多情况下 in many cases31. 使变成 turn into 32. 化妆，编造，弥补，组成 make up33. 根据 according to 34. 想到 think of 35. 用墨水 in ink 36. 久而久之 over time 37. 简化汉字 simplified characters 38. 母语 mother tongue39. 对.感到迷惑 feel /be puzzled about 40. .的混合体 a mixture of .41. 开始广泛的使用 come into widespread use42. 用.代替. replace. with. 43. 把.考虑进去 take . into consideration44. 如果. 我将不胜感激 i would appreciate it if .45. 梦想做. dream of doing sth. 46. 与. 有关 be concerned with/ in47. 对.很关注，关心，在意 show great concern for48. 某事取决于某人 sth. be up to sb. 49. 碰巧 it happens that. / sb happens to do sth50. 没必要做某事 there is no need to do sth51. 把a和b区分/ 辨别a和b distinguish a from b / distinguish between a and b52. 把. 和. 结合起来 combine a and b 53. 失明 lose ones eyesight54. 包含某人或某物/某人或某物被包含在内including sb.(sth.) / sb.(sth.) included55. 视.而定，取决于 depend on 56. 捡起，（偶然）学会，接某人 pick up sentences：1. 正因为如此，英语才成了一种具有许多令人困惑不解的规则的语言。that is why english has so many difficult rules that confuse people. (p22) 2. 英语是由每个进入不列颠的人群所说语言中的规则和词汇构成的。the english language is made up of the grammar and vocabulary each these people brought to britain . (p22) 3.如今，我们在说英语时，有时发现很难确定到底该选哪些单词或词组。when we speak english today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. (p22) 4. 古法语对中古英语也造成了影响。old french made other contributions to middle english as well.（p23）5. 到14世纪后半叶，英国各阶层都使用了英语。by the latter half of the 14th century, english had come into widespread use among all classes in england. 6. 另一方面，英语的确借用了很多的法语词。on the other hand, the english language did borrow many words from french.(p23)7. 可以肯定的是，这样的变化过程还会持续，人们还会不断发明新的词汇和新的表达法。it is certain that this process will continue,and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things .(p23)8. 一种书面语言的发展方式,能告诉我们关于一种口语的历史,同样也告诉我们文化方面的东西。the way a written language developed can tell us just as much about a culture as the history of a spoken language. (p38)9. 汉语与西方语言不同,区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想，物体和行为。 the chinese language differs from western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. (p38)10. 然而并不是所有汉字都是用来描述物体的。however, not all characters are used to describe objects. (p38)11. 尽管诺曼人说法语，在其统治英国的250年间，法语却没有取代英语而成为 英语的第一语言。 even though the normans spoke french for the entire 250 years they ruled england, french did not replace english as the first language.12. 然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响并不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利 对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语替代了凯尔特语。 however, the norman conquest did not affect english as much as the angles and the saxons victory about 600 years earlier, which led to old english replacing celtic.13. 最大的贡献来自于讲法语的诺曼人，他们于1066年击败英格兰并控制了这个国家。 the most important contribution was from the normans, a french-speaking people who defeated england and took control of the country in 1066.14. 有人抱乐观态度，认为这个过程是好的，而其他人则担心它会导致语言的污 染。 some people are optimistic and believe that this process is good, while others worry that it may result in language pollution.15. 虽然这些类型的汉字能够表示意义，但是他们的缺点之一是其字行不具有表 音的功能。 though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced.16. 他的方法使用带小凸点的纸张，这些小凸点可以用手指感觉出来。 his system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers.17. 虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。 while the students found the soldiers idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.m3u3 lost civilizationwords：1. wealthy (adj.) 富有的, 富裕的wealth (n.) 财富, 财产2 historical (adj.)历史的; 与历史研究相关的historic (adj.)有历史意义的 history （n.) 历史historian（n.) 历史学家3. express (n. ) 表达; 表情, 神色expression (vt.) 表达, 表示4. educate (vt.)教育education (n.) 教育, 培养educator(n.) 教育者, 教育家welleducated(adj.) 受过良好教育的5. aware (adj.) 意识到的, 知道的; 察觉到的awareness(n.)认识, 意识6. poison (n.)毒药, 毒物(vt. ) 毒害,下毒poisonous(adj. ) 有毒的7. unfortunate (adj. )不幸的; 遗憾的fortunate(adj.)幸运的fortune (n.)运气8. powerful (adj.) 强有力的power(n.)力量; 权力9. solve (n.) 解决办法, 解答 solution(vt.) 解决, 解答10. declare (vt.) 宣布, 宣称declaration (n.) 宣布, 宣告;宣言; 申报, 声明(书)11. memorial (n.) 纪念碑, 纪念馆(adj.) 纪念的memory(n. )记忆; 纪念memorize (v.)记忆12. erupt (vi. ) (火山等)爆发 eruption(n. ) 爆发13. glory(n.) 辉煌; 荣耀, 光荣glorious(adj.) 光荣的, 辉煌的14. cultural (adj.) 文化的culture (n.)文化15. explode(vi.) 爆炸explosion_(n. ) 爆炸, 爆发16. decorate(vt.) 装饰, 装潢 decoration (n.) 装饰, 装饰品17. destroy (vt.)毁坏, 摧毁destruction (n.)破坏, 毁灭destructive (adj.)破坏性的, 毁灭性的phrases： 1. win a place赢得一席之地2. be known as 作为有名3. attend a lecture 听演讲4. take over接手，接管5. pour out of从泼出/喷出6. the surrounding countryside周围的乡村7. be buried alive 被活埋8. cause damage to对成伤害9. under government protection受政府保护10. be decorated with用装饰11. turn out结果，证明12. fail to do做某事失败/没能13. break down出故障，垮了，破裂，崩溃，分解14. run through流经，贯穿15. cut down砍倒，削减16. result in导致，引起 17. drive sb. crazy / mad使某人疯狂18. the discovery of的发现19. no doubt 无疑，确实 20. in battle 在战斗中21. rise up against 反抗，起义 22. lead sb. to do sth带领做 23. stand in ones path阻碍（某人）24. turn ones eyes east把眼光转向东方 25. grow tired of对厌倦26. come down with a fever染上发烧 27. divide among sb在中分配 28. for centuries to come 接下来的几个世纪 29. think of as把看做 30. a way of looking at the world around us观察我们周围世界的方法 31. earn ones salary挣钱32. have a deep influence on对有深刻的影响 33. teach by asking questions通过提问来教书 34. make sb. aware of sth使意识到，察觉到 35. way of approaching the truth探求真理的方式 36. the basis of modern philosophy and science现代哲学和科学的基础 37. have enough of sb.受够了某人 38. take sb to court for (doing) sth因为某事而将其告上法庭39. put sb. to death处死某人40. search for the truth追求/探求真理41. a surprise attack 意外袭击42. carry out 发起，执行，进行43. set sail for 启航去44. on board 在车/船/飞机上45. in memory of 为了纪念46. in return for 为了回报sentences：1. we are in italy now, and tomorrow we are visiting pompeii.现在我们在意大利，明天我们将游览庞贝。2. many people were buried alive, and so was the city.许多人被活埋了， 整个城市也被掩埋。3. today i saw the ancient roman city of pompeii as it was 2,000 years ago.今天 我见到了罗马古城庞贝，它和跟2.0000 年前一模一样。4. people started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage.人们开始 在这一区域挖掘寻宝，这造成了很大的破坏。5. when i waked around the city, i saw streets just as they had been, with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on the rainy days.当我在城中漫步时，我保持看到原样的街道，沿路都有垫脚石，这样下雨天你就不用在泥泞中行走了。6. it turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部少华消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。7. the desert was a green land, but trees were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand. 这个沙漠曾经是一片绿地，但是树木被砍到，这就使得这个城市被沙子掩埋了。8. when asked how a statue from distant greece could have appeared in china, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of alexander the greats influence当被问及来自遥远的希腊的雕像怎么会出现在中国时，研究人员解释说，这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。9. in 334 bc he took his army, now with 4200 men, into the middle east, and then egypt,defeating every army that stood in his path.公元前334 年，他率领当时已达4万2千 人的军队进入中东，接着是埃及，兵峰所至，所向披靡。10. then, he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to india, finding victory wherever he went. 然后，他又将目光转向东方长驱直入印度，所到之处，攻无不克，战无不胜。11. philosophy can be thought of as a way of looking at the world around us, or of answer the great questions of life, such as why are we her?and what is truth?哲学课被认为是观察我们周围世界的一种方式，或是解答人生重大的问题的一种方式，如“我们为什么会在这里？”以及“什么是真理。”12. finally, some people had had enough of him, so they took him to court for questioning the existence of the greek gods and for corrupting the young people of athens.最后，一些人们对他忍无可忍，便把他送上法庭，罪名是质疑希腊众神的存在和腐蚀雅典的年轻人module 4 unit 1words:1. persuade (vt. )说服, 劝说; 使信服 persuasive(adj. )有说服力的; 劝说的, 2. benefit (vt. & vi. ) 使受益; 得益于(n. )益处; 救济金; 奖金 beneficial ( adj. )有益的, 有帮助的3. designer (n. )设计者, 设计师 design(vt. & n. ) 设计4. determine (vt. ) 确定, 查明; 决定; 裁决determined(adj. )坚决的, 有决心的 determination (n. )决心, 果断5. analysis (n. )分析, 分析结果 analyse (vt. )分析6. react (vi. )做出反应, 回应 reaction (n. ) 反应; 感应7. personally (adv.)个别地; 就本人而言; 本人, 亲自 personal (adj. )个人的, 私人的, 亲自的 personality (n. )个性; 品格; 名人8. advertise (vt. & vi. ) 做广告, 宣传 advertising(n. ) 做广告;广告活动; 宣传 advertisement (n. ) 广告; 广告宣传9. innocent (adj. )清白的, 无罪的; 纯真的 innocence (n. )清白, 天真无邪10. promote (vt. )推广, 促销; 促进, promotion (n. )促进, 提升, 推销11. intelligence (n. )智力, 才智; 情报 intelligent (adj. )聪明的; 有才智的12. poisonous (adj. )有毒的 poison (n.) 毒; 毒药phrases:1. 习惯于做某be used/accustomed to doing sth.2. 哄骗某人做某事fool sb. into doing sth.3. 上的当, 受的骗fall for 4. 欺骗; 捉弄play tricks on5. 厌烦, 厌倦be tired of/be bored with6. 偶遇, 无意中发现come across7. 信赖; 信仰believe in8. 记住某事have in mind9. 弄清楚, 弄懂; 计算出 figure out10. 由于, 因为; 应归于due to 11. 损害, 损坏cause/ do damage to12. 关心, 担心, 挂念be concerned about13. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 14. 旨在, 目的是 aim to do / be meant to do 15. 知道, 意识到be aware of 16. 涉及, 关于; 处理, 应付 deal with 17. 鼓励某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 18.事先, 预先, 提前in advance 19. 吸引, 引起兴趣; 呼吁appeal to 20. 把表达清楚get sth. across 21. 劝阻某人做某事discourage sb. from doing sth. 22.通知/告诉某人某事inform sb. about/of sth. 23. 死于die from 24. 太快，太早all too soon 25. 惊醒某人做某事shock sb into