Cultural Studies (西方文论文化研究)完整版.ppt

CulturalStudies TheEnglishword culture comesfromtheLatin colere relatedtocultorworship Cultureoriginatedfromthemostbasichumanactivitiesatthattime cultivationortillage InChina theearliestmeaningfor culture isthewaytocontrolthecountrythrougheducation Itisacontrastto military force 武功 Whatisculture Cultureorcivilization takeninitswidestethnographicsense isthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge belief art morals lawcustom andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety EdwardBurnettTylorCultureisordinary whichmeansawholewayoflife RaymondWilliams Fromitsbroadsense cultureisthetotalsumofmaterialandspiritualwealthcreatedbyhumanbeingsduringthehistoricalprogressofhumansociety Fromitsnarrowsense culturebelongstoideology whichisconsistedbytheregulationsandorganizationscorrespondingtoit Inadditiontothat cultureisahistoricevent whichrepresentsthebenefitofcertainclassorethnicgroups DictionaryofWords Whatisculturalstudies Culturalstudiesisthepracticeofwhichwhatwecall theory forshortisthetheory Ifyouhadtosaywhat theory isthetheoryof theanswerwouldbesomethinglike signifyingpractice theproductionandrepresentationofexperience andtheconstitutionofhumansubjects FromLiteraryTheory Whatisculturalstudies CulturalStudies theStudyofCulture文化研究文化的研究 CulturalStudies CulturalCriticism文化研究文化批评 CulturalStudiesVStheStudyofCulture Culturalstudiesisthecoreofthestudyofculture andcontributestothedevelopmentofthestudyofculture CulturalStudiesVSCulturalCriticism Culturalcriticismmainlyreferstostudyliteraturefromculturalperspective Besidestheliteraryfield culturalstudiesalsopaytheirattentiononotherculturalphenomenainpeople sdailylife Origin ThetermwascoinedbyRichardHoggartin1964whenhefoundedtheBirminghamCentreforContemporaryCulturalStudiesorCCCS TheUseofLiteraryandCultureandSociety OtherEuropeancountriesandtheUS AfterWW theNewLeftnolongeranalysisthecircumstancesoftheUKfromeconomicperspective butculturalperspective BritishCulturalStudies RaymondWilliams Working classfamily WesternMarxist NewLeft StuartHall InfluencedbyWesternMarxists likeGramsci L AlthusserandR Williams the2nddirector RichardHoggart Working classfamily the1stdirectorofCCCS CenterforContemporaryCulturalStudies CCCS 1964 UniversityofBirmingham BritishCulturalStudies Popularculture Materialityofculture Culturalhedgemony Marxism Marxism Feminism Structuralsemiotics Post structuralism Postmodernismandpost colonialism CulturalStudies Literature Anthropology Sociology Media Elementsofculturalstudies Representatives RichardHoggartStuartHall HerbertRichardHoggart ApassingfigureinthecontemporaryculturalstudiesTheUsesofLiteracyapioneeringwork As asignificantinterventionintodebatesabouttheculturalvalueofthemassmediaandemergentformsofpopularculture thebook portraitsnorthernworking classlifewithastrikingevocativeness popularityandvividness StuartHall StuartHalliscreditedwithplayingaroleinexpandingthescopeofculturalstudiestodealwithraceandgender andwithhelpingtoincorporatenewideasderivedfromtheworkofFrenchtheorists Hisworkcentersontheinterconnectionsbetweenideology identity cultureandpolitics Hehasarguedfor therelevanceofasophisticatedMarxismtotheunderstandingofcontemporarysocialformations aswellasaforceforsocialchange CulturalStudies TwoParadigms CulturalStudies CONTENTS IRaymondWilliams 1921 1988 afoundingfigureofculturalstudies Reputation twobooks CulturalandSociety 1963 chartedthenatureoftheformationofcultureasaresponsetothedevelopmentofindustrialism TheLongRevolution 1965 pointedtothedemocraticpotentialofthe long inculture Thequestionofthefuture Thepopularculturalinstitutionshavechangedsoprofoundlythroughtheperiodinwhichculturalstudieshasbeendeveloped E gBetweenbroadcastingandprint 广播电视和印刷之间 Popularcultureorpopularfiction 通俗文化或通俗小说 Serialsandsoapoperas 连续剧和肥皂剧 从笑星到文化名人笑文化背后的思考文化精英主义和大众文化 Conclusion R Williamsgivesthesecasesasexamplesofhowintheefforttodefineaclearersubject toestablishadiscipline tobringorderintothework allofwhicharelaudableambitions therealproblemoftheprojectasawhole whichisthatpeople squestionsarenotansweredbytheexistingdistributionoftheeducationcurriculum canbeforgotton IIDisneyland AUtopianUrbanSpaceDisneyland M Gottdiener Disneyland builtinthe1950s aspecificplaceandathemepark presentedasanimaginary allofLosAngelesandtheAmericansurroundingitarenolongerreal butoftheorderofhyperrealandsimulation GottdienertacklesDisneylandasapost moderntext SocialControlInDisneyland socialcontrolisrefinedtoanart theartofmovingcrowdsbytheirownmotivationinsteadofcoercion Architecture Everyedificehasitssymbolicvalue e gInDisneyland thebuiltenvironmentisentertaining Disneylandhelpedinauguratetheentertainmentcultureofpostmodernism Economics priortothe1980srideswereportionedoutbyvariedindividualprices Since1981thelumpsumpayment whichisover 20aperson nowallowsvisitorstounlimitedaccesstoallrides atruecornucopia ifyoucanaffordtheentrancefee Classdistinctionsareminimizedandignored becausethepoorhavebeenscreenedoutoftheparkbythepriceofadmission Politics Disneylandinvertsthestructureoff