青海省西宁市高考英语一轮阅读理解选编二.doc

青海省西宁市2017高考英语一轮阅读理解选编二阅读理解训练 (2015山东省威海市二模)big cats have existed on the earth for millions of years, though scientists arent sure exactly how long. but a new study indicates that a skull(颅骨) of a snow leopard(豹) relative that was recently unearthed is 4.4 million years old. that makes it the oldest big cat fossil(化石) ever found.a team of us and chinese scientists unearthed the skull in tibet. this creature is not a direct ancestor to big cats, but it is closely related to the snow leopard, study leader jack tseng told the associated press. the fossil lends evidence to the belief that big cats existed in asia and spread out from there.big cats are at the top of the food chain and have few predators of their own. big cats include snow leopards, clouded leopards, tigers and lions. based on genetic judgements, most scientists believe they first existed in central asia. but previously, the oldest known big cat fossil was 3.6 million years old and found in africa.the new fossil findings were published in the november 13 issue of the science journal proceedings of the royal society b: biological sciences. tseng and his team were fossil hunting in the himalayas in 2010 when they discovered some bones, including the buried cat skull. the researchers were able to determine its age by studying the surrounding rocks and soil. the skull indicates that the animal was about the size of a clouded leopard, which can grow up to 50 pounds. in 2012, the team returned to unearth more cat bones.david polly from indiana university told the associated press that the fossil is “convincingly older than the_current_record_holder”. he added that there could be even older big cat fossils in the tibetan plateau to uncover.文章大意：本文讲述了最新考古发现一个大型猫科动物的颅骨化石。5what does the newly unearthed skull prove?abig cats might have their origins in asia.bthe oldest fossil is 4.4 million years old.cthe snow leopard is the oldest big cat.dthe skull is of big cats direct ancestor.答案：a推理判断题。由第二段最后一句话“the fossil lends evidence to the belief that big cats existed in asia and spread out from there.”可推知，该化石使我们相信大型猫科动物起源于亚洲，然后繁衍到其他地方。6what does the underlined word in paragraph 3 mean?arelatives.benemies.cpartners.dprotectors答案：b猜测词义题。所在句意为“大型猫科动物位于食物链的顶端，所以几乎没有天敌”。7how do the researchers know the skulls age?aby measuring its size and forehead.bby examining other bones around it.cby studying its chemical composition.dby exploring the rocks and soil around it.答案：d细节理解题。由第四段第三句话“the researchers were able to determine its age by studying the surrounding rocks and soil.”可知，通过研究化石周围的岩石和土壤来测量化石的年代。8where was “the current record holder” in the last paragraph found?aasia.bafrica.camerica.daustralia. 答案：b推理判断题。画线词意为“现在的纪录保持者”，应该指的是新化石发现之前的最古老的化石；而第三段最后一句话“but previously, the oldest known big cat fossil was 3.6 million years old and found in africa.”可知，它是在非洲发现的。【由江苏省盐城市2014模拟改编】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。spanish explorers called them las encantadas, the enchanted isles, and charles darwin used his studies of the islands as the foundation for his theory of natural selection. the galapagos are among the worlds most important scientific treasures, a group of volcanic islands surrounded by deserted beaches and inhabited by unique varieties of giant tortoise, lizards, and birds. yet life on this united nations world heritage site has turned sour. battles have broken out between fishermen and conservationists. ecuador, which owns the islands, has sent a naval patrol (海军巡逻队) to put down disturbances. the controversial director of the galapagos national parkwhich controls 97 percent of galapagos land and the reserve extending to 40 miles offshorehas been fired, while an air of uneasy tension hangs over the islands, as the islanders prepare for election when they pick their representatives in ecuadors national assembly. “its a very tense situation,” said leonor stjepic, director of the london-based galapagos conservation trust, which raises money to help projects on the islands. “we are watching it with concern.” the violence has been triggered by an alarming growth in the islands population. puerto ayora, on santa cruz island, housed just 45 inhabitants in the 50s. today there are more than 10,000, while the islands total population is more than 19,000 and growing by 6 percent a year, despite recently introduced a law to limit waves of immigrants fleeing the poor areas of ecuador for a life “in paradise (天堂)”. on top ofthis, more than 100,000 tourists visit the islands every year.such numbers have put the islands, special ecology under intense pressure. conservationists backed by the ecuador government, have replied by exercising strict controls to protect the islands* iguanas, blue-footed boobies, and giant tortoises. these moves have angered many local people, however. they want to exploit (开发利用) the islands waters and catch its protected species of sharks, lobsters and sea cucumbers, which can fetch high prices in japan and south korea. angry fishermen surrounded the charles darwin research station on santa cruz last february, threatened to kill lonesome georgethe last surviving member of the pinta island species of the galapagos giant tortoise. the situation got improved after the ecuador government made concessions (让步) by increasing fishing quotas (配额), which angered conservationists. “it is tragic, the short-term gain of a few fishermen versus the long-term survival of the galapagos,” said john mccosker of the california academy of sciences. “they are killing the golden goose.”then, the ecuador government appointed fausto cepeda as the national parks new director, a post that has become a political football for the mainland government. there have been nine directors in the past 18 months. this appointment was particularly controversial, however. cepeda was known to have close ties with the fishing industry, and the rangers (管理员),who run the national park and reserve, rebelled.more than 300 staged a sit-in at the parks headquarters and prevented cepeda from taking up his post. a battle broke out, and at least two people suffered serious injuries. eventually, cepedawith the fishermens help- entered the park. “i am in office, i am in control. and i am trying to lower the tension,” he announced. the ecuador government took no chances, and sent a patrol boat to maintain the peace. a few days later, ecuador environment minister fabian valdivicso met representatives of rangers. after discussions, he told newspapers that he had decided to remove cepeda from the post.however, as the population continues to rise, the long-term pressures on the islands are serious and will not disappear that easily. “we have to balance its special environment with the needs of local people. in that sense, it is a microcosm (缩影) for all the other threatened parts of the world. so getting it right here is going to be a very, very important trick to pull off,” said stjepic.1、what does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 5 refer to?athe islands swelling population.bthe law to limit waves of immigrants.ca life in paradise.dthe tourists visiting the islands every year.2、how significant were the islands for charles darwin?ahe based his theory on his studies there.bhe built the charles darwin research center there.che advocated the balance between ecology and people there.dhe found the last surviving giant tortoise there.3、what is the primary contributing factor to the conflict between conservationists and fishermen?athe dismissal of the previous director of the galapagos national park.bthe exploitation of the islands.cthe governments support of galapagos conservation trust.dcepedas close tie with the fishing industry.4、we can learn from the passage that _.athe projects of galapagos conservation trust on the islands are profitablebconservationists get angry when fishermen are killing a goosecpoliticians from the mainland government play football on the islandsdthe government is trying to ease the tension5、in paragraph 13, what does the author mean by “the ecuador government took no chances”?athe government did not seize opportunities.bthe government made no compromises.cthe government did not run risks.dthe government shrank from responsibilities.【参考答案】1-5、aabdc【黑龙江省哈尔滨师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学2016届三高第一次三校联合模拟】if you live in a big city, there are many thing to drive you crazy on your daily route, and its not just overcrowded subway trains.vicky zhao is a mainlander working in hong kong. for her, one thing she cant put up with is people standing on the wrong side of the escalator(自动扶梯) in subway stations. “escalators help us move faster and save time. it isnt a place to rest,” the 24-year-old says. “i often see tourists block the way with their suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hours. it annoys me to no end.”admitting she is not the patient type, zhao says things are much better in hong kong than in cities on the mainland where “stand right, walk left” signs are often ignored.the logic behind the “stand right, walk left” escalator etiquette(礼仪) seems obvious. even though you may want to catch your breath while youre transported up or down, you should still consider others and leave enough space for people in a hurry, so that they can run and catch the train.many cities escalators, including londons and beijings, use the “stand right, walk left” system to speed up the flow of people. (australia is an exception and you should stand on the left side instead.) but some cities discourage people from moving on escalators out of safety reasons. in hong kongs subway stations there are regular announcements asking people to “stand still” on escalators. even so, most people in this fast-paced city observe the “stand right, walk left” etiquette.but the people who stand on escalators defend themselves by telling the walkers not to be so impatient. the bbc quotes one stander as saying: “if the person is in such a rush, why not just take the stairs? even when the escalator is packed and theres nowhere to move, i see these same people complaining about not being able to pass.”whatever the escalator etiquette is in the place you live or visit, do what most people are doing and always be mindful of others: leave enough space between each other, dont stay at the end of the escalator, and if someone is blocking your way, a simple “excuse me” is enough.29. in the second paragragh, the underlined word it refers to_a. the authors living in the big city of hong kong.b. being crowded on the subway trains in rush hours.c. peoples blocking the way or chat on the escalators.d. peoples standing on the right side resting.30. when on the escalator, a majority of local people in hong kongg_a. stand still as the railway stations require.b. ignore the “ stand right, walk left” signsc. use the stairs instead of escalators.d. follow the “stand right, wail left” etiquette.31. what can be inferred from the 6th paragraph?a. not everyone follows the “stand right, walk left” etiquette.b. the bbc is against the “stand right, walk left” etiquette.c. people should be patient and take the stairs if possible.d. people shouldnt complain about the crowded escalators.32. which of the following statements is the writers opinion?a. people should stand right no matter where they are.b. people should do as the romans do and consider others.c. people should do as they like on the escalators.d. people should be seriously criticized when they block the way.【答案】 29c30d31a32b【解析】试题分析：本文介绍了在香港有一些内地游客不遵守“stand right, walk left”的电梯礼仪，而在人们中引发的议论。29. c 猜测词义题。本句“i often see tourists block the way with their suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hours. it annoys me to no end.”意为：作者经常看见游客用他们的手提箱堵住了路，或者在上下班高峰期在电动扶梯上聊天，这让作者很失去。后句中的it就是指前句中的：block the way with their suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hours故c正确。30. d 推理判断题。根据文章第三段zhao says things are much better in hong kong than in cities on the mainland where “stand right, walk left” signs are often ignored.他说在香港要比在内地好的多，因为在内地“stand right, walk left”经常会被忽视。这说明在香港，大部分人会记住并服从“stand right, walk left”。故d正确。31. a 推理判断题。根据本段the bbc quotes one stander as saying: “if the person is in such a rush, why not just take the stairs? even when the escalator is packed and theres nowhere to move, i see these same people complaining about not being able to pass.”有时候电梯上都是人，动都动不了，但是仍然有人抱怨无法通过。说明仍然有人站在左边挡住了路。所以a项正确。要特别注意a项中not和everyone连用表示部分否定，也就是说：不是所有人都遵守“站在右边，走在坐标”的电子扶梯礼仪。【名师点睛】本文【属于猜测词意题中的代词复指题。本文中的it就是指代前句中的：block the way with their suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hours。这一类代词复指题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”来理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。尤其要根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。 文章中的代词it, that, he, him 或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找;也有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如： like tom, the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs. one of them, called simply found, was born one snowy night in chicago, when david returned to his car to find under his wiper(雨刷) an angry note intended for someone else: “whys your car here at her place?” 本文中them指的是前面出现的self-published art magazines。 however, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. a growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. it指的是月球人(moon people)所问的问题(the question)。考点：考查议论文阅读【黑龙江省哈尔滨师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学2016届三高第一次三校联合模拟】explore australias top end on a northern territory camping tour through kakadu, katherine gorge and litchfield national parks. this five-day-tour to the top ends three most popular national parks takes you hiking to waterfalls, swimming in rock pools and spotting crocodiles on a private wildlife cruise. experience the top ends unique culture, spend evenings around the campfire and sleep under the stars at private campsites in a traditional australian bedroll or a permanent safari tent. this small-group tour is limited to 16 people, ensuring a personalized experience with your guide, and operates seasonally from may to november.additional information: confirmation will be received at time of booking. there is a possibility of cancellation after confirming if there are not enough passengers to meet requirements. in the event of this occurring, you will be offered an alternative or full refund(退款). a moderate amount of walking is involved. minimum age is 5 years. please restrict luggage to 22 lbs (10kg). excess luggage can be stored at your darwin accommodation. please bring hat, sunscreen, water bottle. (1.5 liters), walking shoesboots and swimsuit. take insect-resisting measures. all camping equipment provided including sleeping bag, pillow, pillow case, towel and sheet.33. the tour is most suitable for_.a. an old couple celebrating their gold weddingb. a new father with his twin baby girls aged 2c. a photographer who enjoys out