初一上册be动词,can_,一般现在时的用法归纳.doc

动词be (am, is, are) copula: be (am, is, are) I am He / She / It is We / You / They are 表示询问时将be动词放到句子开头,否定形式在be动词后面加not (可以缩写).变化形式归纳如下:肯定否定疑问II am Chinese.I am not Chinese.Am I Chinese?He / She / ItHe/She is English.It is cheap.He/She is not (isnt) English.It is not (isnt) cheap.Is he/she English?Is it cheap?They / We / YouThey are our friends.We are from America.You are a good boy.They are not (arent) our friends.We are not (arent) from America.You are not (arent) a good boy.Are they our friends?Are we from America?Are you a good boy? 一般来说,be可以用于下列几种情况:1 Be+形容词I am very happy. 我很高兴.He is very nice. 他人很好.2 Be+名词They are my friends. 他们是我的朋友.He is a very clever boy. 他是一个非常聪明的男孩.3 Be+介词短语The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上.She is at home now. 她现在在家.Are they from America? 他们是来自美国的吗?4 Be+形容词短语He is only twelve years old. 他只有12岁.5 Be+副词Class is over. 下课了.情态动词can modal verb: can 在表达 “某人能做某事” 时,可以用 “can+动词原形” 表达.如果表达自己不能做某事,可以在can后面加not,成为cannot,也可以缩写为cant.如:I can play football. - I cannot play football.Dick can speak English. - Dick cant speak English.*can是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化.如：They can swim, but he cant swim. 如果是询问某人能不能做某事,则要使用can的疑问形式,即将can提至句首.如:-Can you swim? 你会游泳吗?-Yes, I can. / No, I cant. 是的,我会. / 不,我不会.-Can she speak Chinese? 她会说中文吗?-Yes, she can. / No, she cant. 是的,她会. / 不,她不会. Can的用法和句式可以总结如下:肯定否定疑问回答I can play football.I cannot (cant) play football.Can you play football?Yes, I can.No, I cant.He/She can speak English.He/She cannot (cant) speak English.Can he/she speak English?Yes, he/she can.No, he/she cant.We can swim.We cannot (cant) swim.Can we swim?Yes, we can.No, we cant.They can dance.They cannot (cant) dance.Can they dance?Yes, they can.No, they cant.It can speak like man.It cannot (cant) speak like man.Can it speak like man?Yes, it can.No, it cant.*注: can在这里都表示能力,而且表示的为现在的能力,不能表示过去或将来的能力.there be句型 sentence pattern: there be there be句型一般用来表示 “地方有”.句子的结构一般为 “there is/are + 某物/人 + 地点”. 如:There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水.There are many students in the classroom. 课室里有很多学生. there be句型的用法可以总结如下:肯定否定疑问回答There is a computer on the desk.There isnt a computer on the desk.Is there a computer on the desk?Yes, there is.No, there isnt.There are some students in the park.There arent any students in the park.Are there any student students in the park?Yes, there are.No, there arent.*否定句和疑问句中some要改为any.注: 某地有某物要用there be来说而不能说there have/has.have got there be句型用来表示某地有某物,如果表示自己有什么东西可以用have got来表示.如:I have got a brother and a sister. 我有一个哥哥和一个姐姐.I have got a very lovely pet. 我有一只很可爱的宠物. 如果表示 “他/她” 有,则要用has got, 而 “我们, 你(们), 他们” 用have got. 如:He has got a basketball. 他有一个篮球.We have got many friends. 我们有很多朋友. 如果要表示 “没有”, 则要用have not (havent) got 或者has not (hasnt) got; 问 “有没有” 则要把have/has提至句首. 如:You havent got a football. 你没有足球.Has he got a brother? 他有兄弟吗?Have they got any fruit? 他们有水果吗? have/has got 的变化形式可以总结如下:肯定否定疑问回答I have got a very nice dog.I have not (havent) got any dogs.Have you got a dog?Yes, I have.No, I havent.He/She has got two friends.He/She has not (hasnt) got two friends.Has he/she got two friends?Yes, he/she has.No, he/she hasnt.We have got a house.We have not (havent) got a house. Have we got a house?Yes, we have.No, we havent.They have got a new teacher.They have not (havent) got a new teacher.Have they got a new teacher?Yes, they have.No, they havent.You have got a brother.You have not (havent) got a brother.Have you got a brother?Yes, I have.No, I havent.*注: have got表示 “某人有”, 而there be表示 “某地有”. 表示某地有某物不能用there have/has的形式. 有时have got与there be句型表达的意思有些相近,但句型和侧重点还是不同.如:We havent got any meat in the fridge. 我们冰箱里没有肉了.There isnt any meat in the fridge. 冰箱里没有肉了.两句都表示冰箱没有肉的意思.但是第一句首先是说 “我们没有肉了”,冰箱是次要的; 而第二句则只是表示冰箱没有肉了,至于其他地方有没有,是不是我们的肉就不得而知了.因此,使用中要注意表达的侧重点.如果到商场买东西,最好用 “Have you got any?”Some & any some和any既可以用于可数名词的复数之前,也可以用于不可数名词之前. some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句. 如:There is some milk in the cup. 杯子里有一些牛奶.There are some students in the classroom. 课室里有一些学生.I have got some good friends. 我有一些好朋友.Have you got a bike? 你有单车吗?I havent got any water. 我没有水了.Have they got any apples? 他们有苹果吗? Some用在可数名词前的时候名词要用复数形式.名词的复数变化如下:条件变化形式例词一般情况下加sshops, desks, bags一次以s, x, ch, sh结尾加esbuses, boxes, watches, brushes单词以 “辅音字母+y”结尾去y, 加iesbabies, cities, stories单词以o结尾 (有生命)加estomatoes, heroes单词以o结尾 (没生命)加sradios, photos, zoos一些以f或fe结尾的单词把f, fe变成veslifelives, knifeknives*一些名词的复数形式有不规则变化,如:manmen womanwomen childchildren footfeet toothteeth*有些名词的单复数同形, 如: deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等.*名词除了可数名词以外,还有不可数名词.常见的不可数名词有:1 物质名词: milk, water, meat, juice, rice, wheat, money2 抽象名词: beauty, youth, health, strength*不可数名词前面不可以用表示具体数量的数词或不定冠词.常见的用于不可数名词钱的词或短语有: some, any, much, a lot of等.情态动词wouldModal verb: would Would you like to? 一般可以用来邀请对方做某事。回答时有两种方式:1. 同意, 可以说 Id love to或Id like to.2. 拒绝,要说得客气一点,可以先说sorry,然后说明原因.如:Would you like to go to a movie? 你想去看电影吗?Yes, Id love/like to. 好的,我愿意.Sorry, I already have a plan. 很抱歉,我已经有安排了. 另外, would like to本身不表示要请,而表示 “想要”, 如:I would like a cup of tea. 我想要一杯茶.行为动词的一般现在时present simple tense 一般现在时可以表示经常性或习惯性的动作, 还可以表示现在的状态.如:I do my homework every night. 我每天晚上做作业.I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语. 第一,第二人称的一般现在时, 其谓语动词没有形式的变化,其否定形式一般时在谓语动词前加dont (do not), 如:I dont go to school on Sunday. I go to the park on Sunday. 星期天我不去学校,去公园. 主语是第一,第二人称的行为动词一般现在时形式列表如下:肯定形式否定形式I live far away from school.I dont live far away from school.We go to school on Sunday.We dont go to school on Sunday.You sing very well.You dont sing very well. 在表述日常行为时会用到时间,要注意英汉不同的时间表达方式.英语中,如果是半小时以内的时间,一般用几点过几分的表达方式,即 “past”, 如果超过了半小时,则用还差几分不到几点的表达方式, 即 “to”, 半点时一般用 “half past”, 如:at half past six / at six thirty 六点半at five past six 六点零五分at twenty to seven (还差20分钟到七点),也就是六点四十分 第三人称单数的一般现在时,动词要发生变化.其变化规律如下表:一般动词后加swears, reads, works, makes, likes以s, x, ch, sh结尾,后加eswatches, brushes以辅音字母 + o结尾,一边加esgoes, does辅音字母 + y结尾的单词, 变y为I, 加esWorries, carries表示经常性或习惯性的行为时常可以使用频度副词,常用的频度副词有always(总是), often(经常), usually(通常), sometimes(有时), seldom(很少), never(从不). 例句:1. She always goes to school on foot. 她经常步行去学校.2. He never listens to music. 他从不听音乐. 第三人称单数一般现在时的否定形式,在行为动词前加doesnt (does not),谓语动词要还原为动词原形. 如:He gets up early. 他起得很早.He doesnt get up early. 他起床不早. 一般现在时的提问方式.(1) 第一,第二人称在主语前面加do, 如:Do you often play basketball? 你经常打篮球吗?Yes, I do. 是的,经常打.No, I dont. 不,不经常打.(2) 第三人称在主语前面加does, 谓语动词还原成动词原形. 如:Does he sing well? 他歌唱得好吗?Yes, he does.是的,唱得很好.No, he doesnt. 不,唱得不好. 一般现在时各种句式可以总结如下:肯定否定疑问回答I often go to the park on Sunday.I dont often go to the park on Sunday.Do I often go to the park on Sunday?Yes, I do.No, I dont.You often go by bike. You dont often go by bike. Do you often go by bike?Yes, I do.No, I dont.We go to a picnic in summer holiday.We dont go to a picnic in summer holiday.Do we go to a picnic in summer holiday?Yes, we do.No, we dont.They often play together.They dont often play together.Do they often play toget