高中英语 破题致胜微方法（情态动词系列）情态动词表“推测”之“过去、现在及未来”.doc

情态动词表“推测”之“过去、现在及未来”情态动词的推测用法，包括对现在，将来或过去情况的推测。因为时间点的不同，情态动词后所接动词的形式也会发生变化。一. 形式时 间情态动词形式对现在情况进行推测情态动词+ 动词原形对将来情况进行推测情态动词+ 动词原形对过去情况进行推测情态动词+ have donejane must be very bored with her job. she does the same thing everyday.（对现在情况进行推测）简一定烦透了她的工作吧，她每天都做着同样的事。they cant know the answer. let me explain to them. （对现在情况进行推测）他们不可能知道答案，让我给他们解释一下吧。according to the weather report, it may rain tomorrow. （对将来情况进行推测）天气预报说明天可能会下雨。there might be a strike next week. （对将来情况进行推测）下周可能会有罢工。the phone rang but i didint hear it. i must have been asleep.( 对过去情况进行推测)电话响了但是我并没有听到，我当时一定是睡着了。i cant find my umbrella. i may have left it in the library last night. ( 对过去情况进行推测)我的雨伞找不到了，我昨晚可能把它落在图书馆了。二. 解题方法1. 首先根据题干中的时间状语或语境，判断出所推测事实的时间。2. 根据情态动词所推测事实的时间，选用情态动词使用的正确形式。时间情态动词形式对现在情况进行推测情态动词+ 动词原形对将来情况进行推测情态动词+动词原形对过去情况进行推测情态动词+ have done3. 根据句意判断所应该使用的情态动词。情态动词表示推测时，可能性的大小肯定句：mustshouldmaycould/might否定句：cant/couldntshouldnt may notmight not三. 典型例题1.i mailed the letter two weeks ago. she_it.a. must receive b. cant receive c. might receive d. must have received 解析：本题考查情态动词的推测用法。由“i mailed the letter two weeks ago.”可知“寄信”和“收信”都是发生在过去的事情。对过去发生的事情进行推测时，情态动词应该使用“情态动词+have done”的结构，所以排除abc三项，答案为d。句意：我两周前寄出的信件，她一定收到了吧。解题方法：先根据事情发生的时间来确定情态动词的形式；然后再根据句意推测事情发生的可能性。2. he _ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. a. may have acted b. must have acted c. should act d. would act3. the weather turned out to be fine yesterday. i _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. a. should have taken b. could have taken c. neednt have taken d. mustnt have taken解析：本题考查情态动词的虚拟用法。由“the weather turned out to be fine yesterday”可知“昨天的天气很好，我带伞是没有必要的。”这里作者想说的是“本没有必要带伞，但是作者却带了”应该使用neednt have done意为“过去本没有必要做某事，事实上却做了”，答案为c。should have done表示推测时意为“过去应该发生了某事” ，表示虚拟时意为“本应该做某事，事实上却没有做”；could have done表示推测时意为“过去可能发生了某事” ，表示虚拟时意为“本可以做某事，事实上却没有做”。句意：昨天的天气结果很好，我本没有必要随身带着雨伞的。四. 拓展“情态动词+ have done”不仅可以表示对过去所发生情况的推测，还可以表示虚拟用法。解题时需要区分开他们用法的不同。对过去事情的推测:情态动词意义must have done过去一定发生了某事may have done过去可能发生了某事might/could have done过去也许发生了某事cant have done过去不可能发生某事should have done过去应该发生了某事虚拟用法：情态动词意义should have done sth本应该做某事（但实际上未做）could/ might have done sth.本可以做某事（但实际上未做）neednt have done sth.过去本来没有必要做某事（但实际上却做了）五. 练习1.【2014年陕西卷】my book, the house of hades, is missing. who _ have taken it?a.needb.mustc.shouldd.could2.【2013年四川卷】-why are your eyes so red? you _ have slept well last night.-yeah, i stayed up late writing a report.a. cantb. mustntc. needntd. wont3.【2016年浙江卷】george _ too far. his coffee is still warm.a. must have goneb. might have gonec. cant have goned. neednt have gone4.【2011年江苏卷】i left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.how unbelievable to get it back! i mean, someone _ it.a. will have stolenb. might have stolenc. should have stolend. must have stolen5.【2015年福建卷】-sorry, mum! i failed the job interview again.-oh, its too bad. you _ have made full preparations.a. mustb. canc. wouldd. should6.【2015年天津卷】i _ have worried before i came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.a. mightntb. mustntc. needntd. couldnt7. as you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning. a. maynt b. cantc. mustnt d. neednt8. sorry, im late. i _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.a. might b. should c. can d. will 9. the streets are all dry. it_ during the night.a. cant have rained b. must have rainedc. couldnt rain d. shouldnt have rained10. he _ the 8:20 bus because he didnt leave home till 8:25. a. couldnt have caught b. ought to have caughtc. shouldnt have caught d. must not have caught参考答案与解析：1. 答案：d2. 答案：a解析：本题考查情态动词.cant have done表示对过去事情的否定推测,意为“不可能做过某事”,符合语境,故选a.neednt have done表示“过去本没必要做某事，事实上却做了”; mustnt意为“禁止”; wont意为“不会”,均不符合语境.句意：你的眼睛为什么这样红?昨晚你肯定没睡好.是的,我熬夜写报告了3. 答案：c4. 答案：b5. 答案：d6. 答案：c7. 答案：d解析：本题考查情态动词maynt have done 意为“过去可能没有做某事”；cant have done 意为“过去不可能做某事”；mustnt 意为“禁止”；neednt havedone意为“过去本没有必要做某事，但事实上去做了”由句意可知，应该选d.句意：因为你昨天工作到很晚，今天早晨你本没有必要来的。8. 答案：a解析：本题考查情态动词might have done 表示过去可能做了什么；should have done表示本应该做某事，但事实上却没有做。can 表示推测意义时，通常不用在肯定句而是用在疑问句和否定句中。will做情态动词用时，意为“意志，意愿”。由句意可知本题应该选a。句意：对不起，我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关了然后又重新睡着了。9. 答案：a解析：本题考查情态动词的推测用法。由句意可知，是对“晚上下雨”可能性的推测。对过去发生事情做出推测，情态动词应该使用“情态