（全国通用版）2019版高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists讲义 新人教版必修5.doc

unit 1great scientists重点单词1characteristic n特性；特征adj.特有的；独特的；典型的2defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n失败3attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加；定期去(某处) 4cure vt.& n治愈；痊愈；治疗5victim n受害者 6absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心7suspect vt.认为；怀疑n被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 8severe adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的9blame vt.责备；谴责n过失；责备 10handle n柄；把手vt.处理；操纵11link vt.& n连接；联系 12creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的；独创的13positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的14conclude vi.& vt.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束15analyse/analyze vt.分析analysis n分析16expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的17challenge n挑战vt.向挑战challenging adj.挑战性的18enquiry n询问enquire v询问19pollute vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染20announce vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告announcer n播音员21instruct vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n讲授；指导instructions (pl.)用法说明；操作指南22construct vt.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物23contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n捐献；贡献；捐助24enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的enthusiasm n热情；热心25reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n拒绝；抛弃26responsible adj.有责任的；负责的responsibility n责任；负责重点短语1put_forward 提出2draw_a_conclusion 得出结论3exposeto 使显露；暴露 4cure_sb_of_cancer 治愈某人的癌症5face/meet_the_challenge 迎接挑战 6be_absorbed_in 全神贯注于7be_to_blame_for 因应受责备 8linkto 将和联系或连接起来9contribute_to 有助于；导致 10apart_from 除之外；此外11be_strict_with 对严格的 12make_sense 讲得通；有意义重点句型1neithernor既不也不neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(教材p2)2every time 作连词引导时间状语从句so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(教材p2)3have sth done 结构a woman, who had moved away from broad street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(教材p3)4with 复合结构在句中作状语he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.(教材p7)语法要点过去分词作表语和定语but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people(predicative)(教材p2)so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(attribute)(教材p2)1conclusionnc，u 结论；结束draw a conclusion (教材p1)得出结论 (1)(2)in conclusion, id like to say how much i have enjoyed myself.最后，我想说说我过得多么愉快。the doctor concluded (drew a conclusion) that the patients disease was cancer. 医生推断那位病人得的是癌症。i concluded from what he said that he was not satisfied with the result.我从他的话推断出他对结果不太满意。the story was concluded with a happy ending, which was unexpected.故事以大团圆告终，这是出人意料的。2attendvt.出席；参加；照顾；定期去(某处)；随同vi.专心；留意john snow was a famous doctor in londonso expert, indeed, that he attended queen victoria as her personal physician.(教材p2)约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/school/church参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/上学/做礼拜attend to 处理；照顾；接待(serve)i cant go out with you tonight because i have an urgent thing to attend to.今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。the president was_attended (attend) by several members of his staff.总统有几名幕僚随从。she hadnt been attending during the lesson.上课时她一直不专心。3exposevt.暴露，揭露；使曝光；使面临，使处于的影响(或作用)之下but he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(教材p2)但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的平民百姓，他就备受鼓舞。(1)expose sth/sb/oneself (to)将暴露给(2)he doesnt want to expose himself to the influence of bad companions.他不想使自己受坏伙伴的影响。take care not to keep your children exposed (expose) to the bad books, net and magazines.注意不要让孩子接触不良书籍、网络和杂志。4curen治愈某种病的方法；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(教材p2)既不知道它的病因，也不知道它的治疗方法。(1)a cure for治疗的方法/药物(2)cure【比较网站】cure意为“治愈”，常指治疗疾病或革除恶习、弊害等，侧重结果，常用cure sb of sth。treat意为“治疗”，强调治疗过程，常用treat sb for sth。heal意为“(使)愈合，治愈”，指治愈伤口尤其是灼伤，使愈合或恢复正常。up till now, there is no cure for autism.迄今为止，还没有治愈孤独症的药物。the doctor cured my cough with a new medicine that had been developed not long before.那位医生用一种不久前研制的新药治愈了我的咳嗽。what we are concerned about now is how we can cure the child of his bad habit.我们现在所关注的是怎样才能改掉这个孩子的坏习惯。the doctor treated her for headache, but didnt cure her.那位大夫给她治疗头疼，但没有治好。the doctor healed the soldiers bullet wound in the leg.医生治好了那位士兵腿部的枪伤。5blamevt.责备；谴责；把归咎于n过失；责备it seemed that the water was to blame.(教材p2)看来水是罪魁祸首。(1)(2)mr zhang stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy, saying that he was not the one to_blame (blame)张老师站起来为那个16岁的男孩辩护，说他不应该是那个受到责备的人。dont always blame your own failure on others. you should take the blame for failure.不要总把失败归咎于他人，你应该为失败负责。6contributevt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助(1)contribute(2)the song dynasty contributed three great inventions to world civilization.宋朝为世界文明贡献了三大发明。various factors contributed to his downfall.多种因素导致了他的倒台。everyone should make a contribution to protecting (protect) the environment.每个人都应当为保护环境作贡献。【提示】 表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。1put forward提出(建议等)；推荐；将提前；将(钟表等)向前拨who put forward a theory about black holes? (教材p1)谁提出的关于黑洞的理论？【一词多义】 写出下列句中put forward的含义。the trade union congress put forward a plan for national recovery. 提出ive put you forward as the best man for the job. 推荐the hitech has put forward our production this year.提高you ought to put your watch forward by ten minutes.拨快they have put forward the date of their wedding by one week. 将提前put aside 储蓄；储存；留出；把放在一边put away 放好；积蓄put on 穿上；上演 put up 举起；张贴；挂起；搭建；提供食宿put up with 忍受；容忍put off 推迟；延期put out 扑灭；熄灭；出版；生产its wise to have some money put aside for old age.存些钱养老是明智的做法。never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.今日事今日毕。2apart from除之外；此外apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases.(教材p4)除了以上提到的结构，你也学过下面的词组。apart from you, i had no one to talk to.(相当于except)除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。apart from a few faults, he is a respectable teacher.(相当于except for)除了一些缺点外，他还是位值得尊敬的老师。apart from the two novels, i have bought two magazines.(相当于besides)我买了两本小说，另外还买了两本杂志。【提示】 in addition to 相当于 besides, 表示“除以外还”。3make sense讲得通；有意义；有道理only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(教材p7)只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。make sense of理解；明白make no sense没道理；没意义there is no sense in doing sth做某事没意义in a sense在某一方面；就某种意义来说in no sense决不(位于句首时，句子部分倒装)only after i read the poem a second time did i make sense of it.只有我把这首诗又读了一遍之后才理解了其含义。it makes no sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.这些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非买那件贵的呢？theres no sense in getting angry about it.为此生气是没有意义的。all food is, in a sense, organic, because it has come from plants or animals.在某种程度上说，所有的食物都是有机的，因为它来自植物或动物。in no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.你决不应该灰心丧气。继续努力，你迟早会成功的。1neithernor既不也不neither its cause nor its cure was understood.(教材p2)既不知道它的病因，也不知道它的治疗方法。【句式点拨】neithernor既不也不，连接句中两个相同成分。当连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。air is neither a solid nor a liquid. 空气既不是固体，也不是液体。neither he nor his parents like (like) the new tv series. they all think it boring.他和她父母都不喜欢这部新电视剧，他们认为它太无聊了。neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory. 理论没有实践不行，实践没有理论也不行。【提示】 遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：eitheror不是就是；not onlybut also不仅而且；notbut不是而是。2every time 作连词引导时间状语从句so many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(教材p2)所以每次疾病暴发时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。【句式点拨】(1)every time引导时间状语从句，相当于whenever，意思是“每当”。(2)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：each time, any time, next time, the序数词time(第次)，the瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant)(一就)等。(3)有些副词，如directly, instantly, immediately也可引导状语从句。【提示】 (1)for the first time是介词短语，只可作时间状语，而the first time是名词的连词化，引导时间状语从句。(2)it be the first time that如果前面用is，从句动词用现在完成时；如果用was，则用过去完成时。(3)its high/about time that从句动词用一般过去时或should动词原形。every time he comes back to his hometown, he will call on his former teachers.他每次回到家乡，都会去看望他原来的老师。the first time he came to the city, he decided to settle down.他第一次来到这个城市，就决定在此安家。the moment he got out of the airport, the pop star was surrounded by his fans.这位流行歌星一出机场，就被歌迷围了起来。it was the first time that he had_seen (see) his work in print.这是他第一次看见他自己的作品出版。its high time that i should have breakfast.该是我吃早餐的时候了。.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)1they didnt draw a conclusion until carrying out lots of scientific (science) experiments.2a similarconclusion (conclude) has been drawn after they did experiments, analyzed results and found supporting evidence.3the couple sent emails to their friends last friday announcing/to_announce (announce) the news, saying they were thinking about a possible wedding next summer. 4the infectious (infect) disease was not well controlled or thoroughly defeated. 5professor wang said the reason of shortsightedness is complicated and there is still no cure for it.6in many countries, political suspects (suspect) are kept under polices observation.7each of us is_exposed (expose) to radiation daily from natural sources, including the sun and the earth.8the incident made us worried first, but we managed to realize how to_handle (handle) situations like this.9honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.10when deeply absorbed (absorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1as you know, one cant become with aids by having dinner or shaking hands with patients.2no matter how hard i tried to read it, the sentence didnt make a sense to me.3some of us often try to please someone else because we need people to like us: we are in our greatest fear of rejected and abandoned. 4last night neither my wife nor my parents able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.5i always have so many things to attend when i come back to the company after a trip abroad.6the teacher cured him his bad habits and he made great progress in english.7i think of the happy hours we spent together every time see these photos.8the two sides agree that this has contributed positively to mutual understanding and trust.9a driver drives a truck past the site of an “ecocity” construction, in northeastern china, which is due to be completed next month. 10apart from too large, the hat doesnt suit me. as a result, i return with nothing in hand.课文语法填空john snow, a wellknown doctor in london, who had attended queen victoria as her personal physician, considered helping ordinary people 1exposed (expose) to cholera as his job. he thought it was a great challenge to control its outbreak, which caused many thousands of deaths, because no one knew either its cause 2or its cure. john snow suspected that people absorbed the disease into their bodies with their meals and was determined to do research 3into an outbreak in london in 1854.the locations of the dead peoples houses drawn on the map gave john snow a valuable clue about the causemany victims lived near the water pump. through 4further (far) investigations, he found perhaps it was the polluted water that was 5to_blame (blame). he had the handle 6removed (remove) from the pump and the disease slowed down. it had been proved that cholera was spread by germs. he also found some 7supporting (support) evidence 8linked (link) to the outbreak of cholera. so he announced with 9certainty (certain) that the water from the pump carried the virus.to prevent this happening again, john snow suggested the water source 10be_examined (examine) and people not be exposed to polluted water any more. thus, “king cholera” was defeated at last!.阅读理解a(2018广东中山纪念中学高三模拟)teacher, lawyer, doctorwhen someone says “career”， these classic jobs are the first ones you think about, right? weve found four uncommon careers with awesome and unusual benefits.chief listening officeryou may not have heard of a chief listening officer, but theyve probably heard from you. clos closely monitor social platforms and conversations to keep an eye (and ear！) on whats being said about their company or brand. your work enables a fast response to any and all complaints, questions, or misinformation.why its awesome: this job is on the rise. as more organizations rely on social media for market research and customer service, the position of clo will only become more important.food stylistmouthwatering restaurant commercials and wasteful magazine photographs of delicious food dont come easy: it takes the work of a food stylist to make it all happen. armed with cooking skills, creative style, and tools ranging from lipstick to lard, you get food ready for its photograph.why its awesome: this is one of those rare cooking jobs that provide chances to create, but dont require you to slave away in a restaurant kitchen.global mobility consultantas a global mobility consultant, you help employees make smooth transitions(过渡) into their new homeswhether its in bangkok, berlin, or the next state over.why its awesome: if youre the type who enjoys travel and likes learning about other cultures, systems and traditions, this career could be a perfect fit. as companies continue to expand across borders, this position is expected to grow by 21 percent over the next few years.computational linguistcomputational linguists help computers and humans communicate with each other. more specifically, you create computer programs that can translate, transcribe, and comprehend regular, human language.why its awesome: this field is the front line for exciting technological areas like speech recognition and artificial intelligence. in other words, you could help create robots.语篇导读本文为说明文，介绍了四种不同寻常的职业：首席收听官，食物造型师，全球流动性顾问和计算机语言学家。1what does a chief listening officer do?ado market research.blisten to chief officers.crespond to customers opinions. dtrack social platforms and conversations.解析 d细节理解题。根据chief listening officer中第一段第二句可知，clo的工作就是监听和搜集社交平台和对话中对他们任职公司的或品牌的谈论，其中track和文中的monitor为同义词，故选d项。2what is vital if you want to be a food stylist?ahard work in a restaurant kitchen. brestaurants and delicious food.ccooking skills and creativity.dcommercials and magazines.解析 c细节理解题。根据food stylist中第一段第二句可知，当你具备了厨艺、创新造型和工具，你就为你的食物拍照作好了准备，所以对食品造型师来说重要的是厨艺和创造性，故选c项。3what may contribute to the growing need for global mobility consultants?apeoples love for travel.bpeoples interest in other cultures.cemployees desire for great progress.dcompanies tendency to expand globally.解析 d细节理解题。根据gobal mobility consultant中第二段最后一句可知，导致对全球流动咨询师的需求上涨的原因是各公司不断的跨国扩张(发展)，故选d项。4what are computational linguists good at according to the text?aboth computers and languages.bcommunicating with others.cspeech recognition.dcreating robots.解析 a推理判断题。根据computational linguist中第一段第二句可知，计算机语言学家是编写程序使计算机能翻译、转换和理解人类常用语言，也就是说他们要对计算机和人类语言都擅长才能完成这一工作，故选a项。bjoseph goldberger was a doctor for the united states public health service and he was an advocate for scientific and social recognition of the links between poverty and disease. in 1914, goldberger was asked by us surgeon general rupert blue to study a skin disease that was killing thousands of people in the south. the disease was pellagra(糙皮病)goldberger traveled to the state of mississippi where many people suffered from pellagra. he studied the victims and their families. most of the people lived a hard life. the doctor came to believe that the disease didnt pass on from one to another, but was instead related to food. he received permission from the state governor to test this idea at a prison. prisoners were offered pardons if they took part. one group of prisoners received their usual foods, mostly corn products. a second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and drank milk. members of the first group developed pellagra. the second group did not.but some medical researchers refused to accept goldbergers idea. for the south, pellagra was more than simply a medical problem. there were other things, including southern pride.so goldberger had himself injected(注射) with blood from a person with pellagra. he also took liquid from the nose and throat of a pellagra patient and put them into his own nose and throat. he even swallowed pills that contained skin from pellagra patients. an assistant also took part in the experiments. so did goldbergers wife. none of them got sick.joseph goldberger died of cancer in 1929. he was fiftyfive years old. several years later, researchers discovered the exact cause of pellagra: a lack of vitamin b3 known as niacin.语篇导读本文为记叙文，介绍了美国医生约瑟夫古德伯格研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。约瑟夫古德伯格医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。5who were easy targets of pellagra according to goldberger?apeople in america.bpeople put into prison.cpeople having a poor diet.dpeople touching pellagra patients.解析 c细节理解题。根据第二段第三句，再结合古德伯格在监狱进行的实验的内容可知，在古德伯格看来，糙皮病和食物有关，而且患者大多生活条件差；再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知，不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病，故选c项。6what did goldberger want to prove by the experiments mentioned in paragraph 4?apellagra wasnt so terrible.bpellagra didnt spread.cpellagra could be cured.dpellagra wasnt a medical problem.解析 b推理判断题。根据第二段提到的古德伯格认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容和结果可推知，古德伯格进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不会传染，故选b项。7which words can be used to describe goldberger?adevoted and determined.bselfless and friendly.cpatient and expert.dstubborn and enthusiastic.解析 a推理判断题。文中提到的古德伯格在监狱及在他自己身上作实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中，有奉献精神；尽管一些人不认可古德伯格的观点，但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的，这体现出他意志坚定，故选a项。.语法填空scientists have discovered that 1staying (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. researchers at the university of california found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fatthe type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. brown fat burns energy, 2which helps us lose weight. white fat stores e