新人教版八年级下册英语Unit 8单元知识点总结与练习.doc

新人教版七年级英语下册Unit 8 IS there a post office near here? 词型转换near反义词: far across动词：cross 名词：crossingfront反义词：backnorth形容词：northernright反义词：left/wrongenjoy第三人称单数：enjoyseasily形容词：easyfree反义词：busy方位介词的用法：*across from 在对面，后接地点名词或代词。例：There is a bank_ _(在对面) the library.*next to 在.旁边，靠近后接地点名词或代词。例：(1)The pay phone is _ _(紧挨着) the library.(2)The garden is next _my house. A.on B.to C.in D.at *betweenand在和之间（两者之间）例：( )She is sitting _Lily and Lucy. A.near B.next to C.between D.across from*in front of 在前面（范围之外）*in the front of 在.前面（范围之内）例：( )The hotel is _the bank.（ ）Tom sits _the classroom and listens to the teacher carefully.A.in the front of B.in front of C.in the front D.in frontpay v 支付，付钱*pay for +物 “付钱买某物”*pay + 钱+for +物 “付多少钱买某物Eg:She pays 5 yuanfor the books.Where +be+地点“.在哪儿“例( )“_ is the hotel?” “Its near the bank”A.How B.Who C.Where D.WhatExcuse me 打扰了，对不起用法：因询问事情，打扰别人而表示歉意时的用语，常用在问路之前。 sorry 对不起 因做错事，说错话时向别人道歉时的用语。例( )-_,could you tell me the way to the bank?A.Hello B.Excuse me C.Hi D.Sorryon the right/left 在右边/左边例( )The hotel is down Bridge Street _the right. A.in B.on C.at D.to Youre welcome 不客气 当别人向你道谢时的应答语。表示不用谢的用语还有：Thats all right /Not at all /Its a pleasure.短语：1.post office 邮局 2.pay phone 投币式公用电话 3.across from 在.对面 4.next to 紧靠 5.betweenand.在和之间 6.in front of 在前面7.in the neighborhood 在附近 8.go straight 沿着.直走 9.turn right 向右拐 10.welcome to欢迎到. 11.take a walk 散步 12.the beginning of .的开始13.have fun 玩到开心 14.the way to 去.的路 15.take a taxi 乘出租车 16.have a good trip 旅途愉快17.on the Fifth Avenue 在第五大街busy adj 忙的be busy doing sth=be busy with sth 忙于做某事例：He is busy _(do) his homework.enjoy v 喜欢 enjoyable adj 高兴的enjoy sth 喜欢某物 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time 玩得高兴例：(1)Tom enjoys _(play) soccer.（2）Jim and Sunsan enjoy_(watch) TV .（3）Do you enjoy_English in our class ,Mr Green?A.teach B.teaches C.to teach Dteaching (4)They have fun at the party. A.have a good time B.play C.like D.have interests let sb do sth 让某人做某事Let me _(help) you. lets do sth 让我们一起做某事例： Lets _(go) to school.tell v 告诉tell sb about sth 告诉某人关于某事tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要去做某事the way to +地点 去.的路Can you tell me the way to the post office?hope v 希望hope to do sth 希望去做某事hope + that 从句例：I hope _(visit) Beijing.take a walk =have a walk 散步例：( )-Lets _. All right .A.take a walk B.take walk C.to take walk D.to take a walkwelcome to +地点 欢迎到某地来 Welcome _my birthday party.A. at B.in C.to D./语法规律：there be 结构一、 构成：There be .句型表示的是 “某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为There be(is，are，was, were )+名词+地点状语。例如：There are fifty-two students in our class. There is a pencil in my pencil-case.二、用法:1.否定句：在be后加上“not”,也可用“no”来表示。即：no + n.（名词）= not aanany + n.（名词）。例如： There is an orange in her bag.There isnt an orange in her bag.There is no orange in her bag.There are some oranges in her bag.There arent any oranges in her bag.There are no oranges in her bag. There is some juice in the bottle.There isnt any juice in the bottle.There is no juice in the bottle.例题分析：There is a library across from the school(改为否定句)_ _a library across from the school. 2. 一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如： There is some money in her handbag. Is there any money in her handbag? (疑问句和否定句中，some改为any, something改为anything.)There is something new in todays newspaper.Is there anything new in todays newspaper?例题分析：There are some birds in the tree.(改为一般疑问句)_ _ _ birds in the tree?Is there a baseball under the chair？(作肯定回答)Yes,_.3.特殊疑问句：There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用 “Whos + 介词短语?”；当主语是物时，用 “Whats + 介词短语?”。其中there在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如： There is a bird in the tree. Whats in the tree? There are some bikes over there. Whats over there?There is a little girl in the room. Who is in the room? 对地点状语提问：用 “Where is are + 主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如： There is a computer in my office. Where is the computer? -Its in my office. There are four children in the classroom. Where are the four children?-They re in the classroom. 对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式： 如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？”表示：There are twelve months in a year. How many months are there in a year?There is only one book in my bag. How many books are there in your bag?There is a cat in the box. How many cats are there in the box?如果主语是不可数名词，则用“ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？”表示：There is some money in my purse. How much money is there in your purse?4.反意疑问句：There be或There加其它动词，其反意疑问句一律用there? 例如：There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isnt there?5. There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。There is a basketball in the box. There is a little milk in the glass.There are many birds in the tree.如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的 “就近原则”。例如：There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. There are some bananas and an orange in the basket. 例题讲解：用be 动词填空：1. There _a post office near here.2. There _some water in the glass.3. There_some pictures on the wall.4. There_a pen and three pencils in the pencil case.5. There_some books and a dictionary on the desk.6. There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语(如和将来时be going to will、现在完成时 havehas + pp. ) 例如：There must be a pen in the box.Is there going to be a dancing party tonight?There is not going to be a meeting tonight.7. There be 句型与have/has 的区别：There be 句型表示客观存在;have/has 表示主观拥有There be 句型不能与have/has 连用。一、随堂练习：（ ）1.Are there any oranges on the table? -Yes,_A.they are B.there are C.are there D.they do （ ）2.There _a pen and some books in my bag.A.are B.have C.has D.is （ ）3._！ Can you tell me the way to the post office? A.OK B.Hello C.Excuse me D.sorry （ ）4.Just go straight and turn_.The school is _. A.left,to the left B.left ,on the left C.on the left ,left D.left ,left（ ）5.Our school is _a bank. A.next B.next to C.between D.between and（ ）6.-_is the post office? -Its next to the hospital. A.How B.Why C.Where D.What（ ）7.The pay phone is _the post office and the library. A.in B.between C.near D.front （ ）8._,Are you Mr Green？A.sorry B.OK C.Excuse me D.Hello （ ）9.Thank you very much,Eric! -_.A.Im sorry B.Youre welcome C.Here you are D.I dont know （ ）10.Are there _books on the desk? -Yes ,there are_. A.some,some B.any ,some C.any,any D.some ,any 二、完型填空：After school, Tom and Molly 1. 2 father and mother are not at home. They are 3 work. The two children see their white cat Rex is running 4 the floor. The cat is dirty. Molly wants to 5 it. She says to Tom, “lets clean the cat 6 the water.” Then Tom puts some water 7 a washbasin. He catches the cat and puts it in the water. But the cat doesnt like 8 in the water. It jumps and jumps. Soon there 9 a lot of water on the floor. Then their father and mother come home. They see the water on the floor. They are not 10. They say to the children, “Dont do that