（讲练测）高考英语一轮复习 名词性从句复习（1）（讲）（含解析）新人教版必修1.doc

名词性从句(1)一、考点梳理。1.根据语境考查不同连接词的辨析why not try your luck downtown, bob? thats_ the best jobs are.where在此引导表语从句，表示“的地方”。又如：this is where the river is the deepest.这是河流的最深处。this is where i first met her.这就是我初次与她会面的地方。2.考查what的用法(1)_matters most in learning english is enough practice. what在此引导主语从句，相当于the thing that。(2)_parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. what在此引导主语从句，相当于the thing that3.根据句法功能考查连接词的选用 choosing the right dictionary depends on_you want to use it for. what用以引导宾语从句，用作介词on的宾语，其中的what在从句中用作介词for的宾语。4.考查whatever等的用法could i speak to_is in charge of international sales, please? whoever有两个主要用法：一是用于引导名词性从句，其意思相当于the person who;二是用于引导状语从句，其意思相当于no matter who。句中的whoever引导宾语从句，用作介词to的宾语， 5.在复杂结构中考查名词性从句的使用 having checked the doors were closed, and_all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. that在此用于引导宾语从句，用作动词check的宾语。这是一个比较复杂的句子，句中的现在分词having checked带有两个宾语从句(that) the doors were closed和that all the lights were off，只是前面一个宾语从句省略了引导词that。6.考查同位语从句的运用 a warm thought suddenly came to me_i might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. that在此引导同位语从句，修饰a warm thought。此题的难点是a warm thought与其同位语从句被分离开了。二、要点点拨名词性从句必记考点一、that从句1that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：(1)it+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good,wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。it is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.(2)it+be+名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。 its no surprise that our team should have won the game.不要惊奇，我们队本来就应赢得比赛。(3)it+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。 it is decided that the meeting has been put off till nextmonday.根据决定这个会议已经被推迟到下周一。注意：在口语和非正式文体中that常可省略。在非常短的句子中，that总是不必要的。its a pity (that) youre leaving.你要走，真遗憾。但that从句位于句首时，连接词that是绝对不能省略的。that we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.我们被邀请去参加今夜的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。(4)以下情况用虚拟语气：，it is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted（坚持要，一定要）that sb. (should) do sth.it is necessary/important/strange/natural that sb. (should) do sth. 2作动词的宾语 (1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, make等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语，此时that不可省略。注意：一个句子中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。(2)that从句一般不能充当介词的宾语，偶尔可作except，in，but的宾语。 he differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上。其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。 you may depend on it that i shall always help you.我会一直帮助你，你要相信这一点。3作形容词的宾语某些形容词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连接词that可省略。im afraid you dont understand what i said just now.我担心你没有明白我刚才说了什么。4作表语 (1)连接词that不可省略。 (2)主句的主语是reason，则表语从句只能用that引导。 (3)主句的主语是advice，suggestion，order，proposal等时，表语从句应用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。5作同位语 the news that the plane will take off on time makes everyone happy.飞机将按时起飞的消息使每个人都很高兴。特别注意：that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别连接词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后。如 ：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news,problem，possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。 关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，但另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语或宾语。若作宾语，还可以省略。但是，引导同位语从句的that一般不能省略。 the news that our football team won the match was really encouraging（同位语从句） 我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。 the news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.（定语从句）我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。【例】the fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. a. what b. which c. that d. though【答案】c 【例】news came from the school office _wang lin had been admitted to beijing university.a. which b. what c. that d. where【答案】c二、wh-疑问从句1作主语，常用it作形式主语 it has not been decided yet who will preside at the meeting.由谁来主持会议还没有确定。主语从句如果是用what，whatever，whoever等引导的，表示一个具体的东西或人，这种主语从句不能用it来替换。what he found interested me greatly. 他的发现使我很感兴趣。whoever has finished may rest 谁完工了就可以休息。【例】 a good friend of mine from i was born showed up at my home right before i left for beijingahow bwhomcwhen dwhich【答案】c 2作直接宾语特别注意：wh-疑问从句还可作介词的宾语，但if从句不能作介词的宾语。it all depends (on) how we solve the problem.这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。we are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。 3作表语【例】the little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother. a. where b. what c. how d. who 【答案】a 4作某些形容词的宾语 you must be careful what you do.你必须小心你所做的事情。 5作同位语 the question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.关于为什么这么多的人们将选择住在乡下而在城市工作的这个问题还在讨论中。 三、名词性关系从句可主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语 名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。 what= the thing(s) that/which whoever= anyone who whichever= anyone/anything that whatever=anything that where=the place where when= the time when注意：连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问，但what，when，where等连接词有两种含义，一种表示疑问（即：什么，何时，何地），另一种表示陈述(即the thing that，the time when，the place where)。【例】the how to book can be of help to wants to do the job. a. who b. whomever c. no matter who d. whoever 【答案】d注意：名词性关系从句还可作介词的宾语。 四、whether和if在名词性从句中的区别。下列情况只用whether不用if： 1引导主语从句且置于句首时。 2引导表语从句时。 3引导同位语从句时。 4引导宾语从句且前置时。 5作动词discuss和介词的宾语时。 6其后紧跟or not时。 7其后跟不定式时。五、“疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”的应用。 1whatever，whoever等既可以引导名词性从句，又可引导状语从句。引导名词性从句时，其主句缺主、宾、表、定语等，相当于anything that，anyone who等；当引导状语从句时，其主句不缺任何成分，并且主句和从句通常用逗号隔开，相当于no matter what, no matter who等。 “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，能和“疑问词+ever”结构互换。但不能引导名词性从句，no matter不能单独使用。 2what，who等与whatever，whoever等的区别在于：what， who等是指具体的东西或人；用whateverwhoever等是表示任何一个事物或人，无范围可言，语气比前者强烈得多。【例】she is very dear to us. we have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.a. whichever b. however c. whatever d. whoever【答案】c三、误区警示、典型陷阱题分析 1. she was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _ he said meant. a. that b. what c. that that d. what what【陷阱】可能误选b.许多同学一看选项首先就排除了c和d，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在a和b两个选项中，选项a肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了b. 2. after _ had happened he could not continue to work there. a. which b. how c. what d. having 【陷阱】可能误选a.3.“is _ you want to say？” asked the teacher. a. this b. that c. all that d. that all 【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选a或b. 4. “when _ leave for japan？” “when _ leave for japan is kept secret.” a. they will, will they b. will they, they will c. they will, they will d. will they, will they 【陷阱】可能误选d，认为 when 后应用疑问句词序。5. someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see _. a. who is he b. who he is c. who is it d. who it is 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【即时巩固】 1.【2016北京】24. your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.a. however b. whoever c. whatever d. wherever【答案】c考点：考查主语从句【名师点睛】主语从句 subject clauses (在主语的位置上)1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是特殊疑问词wh-。that he is a famous singer is known to us.= it is known to us thatwhether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.who will go makes no difference.u it is known to us that he is a famous singer.u it is not yet fixed when he will go to america.本题中，whatever引导主语从句，同时作do的宾语。2. wh和ever 连用的词引导的名词性从句和状语从句的区别l 区分使用wh-和wh-ever: wh 有疑问的意思；wh-ever有肯定强调的意思*who will be invited hasnt been decided.*whoever comes here is welcomed.*a reward of $1,000 will be given to whoever can provide any clues to the case.*the gift will be given to whomever i like.l wh-ever 在引导名词性从句时不能用no matter wh-来替换，但在引导状语从句时可以替换whatever happened, he would not mind.= no matter what happened, he2.【2016北京】29. the most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.a. whatb. thatc. whetherd. why【答案】b考点：考查表语从句【名师点睛】表语从句 predictive clauses (在be动词 后)1. 从句的连接词可以是that, 也可以是wh-的特殊疑问词。the fact is that she never liked him.the question is whether the movie is worth seeing.the question is who can complete the difficult task.u this/that/it is because i think it is because you are doing too much.u the reason whyis thatthe reason why the play is successful is that it appeals to many different people.2. 只能用whether 的情况* 在表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句中* 在介词后的宾语从句中it all depends on whether they will support us.* 在不定式之前he doesnt know whether to stay or not.* 从句中有or not时he doesnt know whether he should stay or not.3.【2016江苏】21.it is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.a.whyb.whatc.asd.that【答案】d【名师点睛】that 引导主语从句：由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下被放到句子的后面，用it 作形式主语来代替它的位置。常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句的句型有三种。1. it + be + 形容词+that从句适用于这种句型的常见形容词有：necessary，clear，true，strange，important，wonderful，possible，likely，obvious，surprising etc。1) its clear that they badly need help。很明显，他们急需援助。2) its possible that we can carry out the project at last. 最终我们能完成这项工程是有可能的。表语为 necessary，clear，true，strange, important, wonderful，possible, likely, obvious, surprising, astonishing, etc.等形容词时，谓语动词的形式一般为“should 动词原形”3) it is necessary that you (should)master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。4) it is strange that he should have killed himself .真奇怪，他竟然自杀了2. it +be +名词词组+ that从句常用于这种句型的名词词组有：a fact， a good idea，a pity，an hour，a shame，no wonder，good news etc.1) its a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。2) tom has a bad cold. 汤姆患了重感冒。 it is no wonder that he looks pale. 难怪他看起来脸色苍白。3) it is a great shame that he should have stolen a pen. 他竟然偷钢笔，真是太丢脸了。 shame 所用的句中要用虚拟语气。3. it + be+ 过去分词+ that从句常有的过去分词有：said，reported, hoped, believed, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggest