（讲练测）高考英语二轮复习 专题04 阅读理解Ⅱ：细节理解题（练）（含解析）.doc

专题4 阅读理解：细节理解题2016全国卷 ci am peter hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. since march 2012, ive done 89 tripsof those, 51 have been abroad. i have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞) in my little box because ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. in all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. so i am always conscious of time. i had one trip last year where i was caught by a hurricane in america. i picked up the stem cells in providence, rhode island, and was meant to fly to washington then back to london. but when i arrived at the checkin desk at providence, the lady on the desk said: “well, im really sorry, ive got some bad news for youthere are no fights from washington.” so i took my box and put it on the desk and i said：“in this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease, please, youve got to get me back to the united kingdom.” she just dropped everything. she arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, rerouted(改道) me through newark and got me back to the uk even earlier than originally scheduled. for this courier job, youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.30. why does peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?ahe cannot stay away from his job too long. bthe donor can only wait for that long. cthe operation needs that much time. dthe ice wont last any longer. 31. which flight did the woman put peter on first?ato london. bto newark.cto providence. dto washington.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历，表现了人们之间的友爱。 2016全国卷 dthe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. a silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness or worry. silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙) with conversation. persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. many native americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional chinese and thai persons do. therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. in these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. for example, russian, french, and spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. however, mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. in still another use, persons in asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. a nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 32. what does the author say about silence in conversations?ait implies anger. bit promotes friendship. cit is culturespecific. dit is contentbased. 33. which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?athe chinese. bthe french. cthe mexicans. dthe russians. 34. what does the author advise nurses to do about silence?alet it continue as the patient pleases. bbreak it while treating patients. cevaluate its harm to patients. dmake use of its healing effects. 33a细节理解题。根据第二段中的“just as some traditional chinese and thai persons dowhat may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.”可知，中国人和泰国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考。故选a。34d细节理解题。根据末段末句“a nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients”可知，作者建议护士用沉默的效果来帮助治疗病人。故选d 。 2016全国卷 da new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful antarctic voyage back to life. frank hurleys pictures would be outstandingundoubtedly firstrate photojournalismif they had been made last week. in fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. the ship was the endurance, a small, tight, norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take sir ernest shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of antarcticas weddell sea. from that point shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. the journey was intended to achieve more than what captain robert falcon scott had done. captain scott had reached the south pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. as writer caroline alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story the endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. scotts last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the worlds imagination, and a film made in his honour drew crowds. shackleton, a onetime british merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the south pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. frank hurley, a confident and gifted australian photographer who knew the antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. 13. what do we know about the photos taken by hurley?a. they were made last week.b. they showed undersea sceneries.c. they were found by a cameraman.d. they recorded a disastrous adventure.14. who reached the south pole first according to the text?a. frank hurley. b. ernest shackleton.c. robert falcon scott. d. caroline alexander.15. what does alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?a. artistic creation. b. scientific research.c. money making. d. treasure hunting.【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了frank用图片使一次失败的南极航海活动重新进入人们的视野，让人们能够了解这次航海的许多信息。 2016全国卷 bon one of her trips to new york several years ago, eudora welty decided to take a couple of new york friends out to dinner. they settled in at a comfortable east side cafe and within minutes, another customer was approaching their table. “hey, arent you from mississippi？” the elegant, whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “im from mississippi too.”without a second thought, the woman joined the welty party. when her dinner partner showed up, she also pulled up a chair. “they began telling me all the news of mississippi，” welty said. “i didnt know what my new york friends were thinking.”taxis on a rainy new york night are rarer than sunshine. by the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside. weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. heading back downtown toward her hotel, her bigcity friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their big apple dinner into a mississippi state reunion(团聚). “my friend said: now we believe your stories，” welty added. “and i said: now you know. these are the people that make me write them”sitting on a sofa in her room, welty, a slim figure in a simple gray dress, looked pleased with this explanation. “i dont make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “i dont have to.”beauticians, bartenders, piano players and people with purple hats, weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends, from walks through the streets of her native jackson, miss, from conversations overheard on a bus. it annoys welty that, at 78, her left ear has now given out. sometimes, sitting on a bus or a train, she hears only a fragment(片断) of a particularly interesting story.5. what happened when welty was with her friends at the cafe?a. two strangers joined her. b. her childhood friends came in. c. a heavy rain ruined the dinner. d. some people held a party there. 7. what can we learn about the characters in weltys fiction?a. they live in big cities. b. they are mostly women. c. they come from real life. d. they are pleasure seekers. 2015全国卷 amonthly talks at london canal museumour monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first thursday of each month except august. admission is at normal charges and you dont need to book. they end around 21：00.november_7ththe canal pioneers, by chris lewis. james brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. he was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. chris lewis will explain how brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”december_5thice for the metropolis, by malcolm tucker. well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how londons ice trade grew.february_6than update on the cotswold canals, by liz payne. the stroudwater canal is moving towards reopening. the thames and severn canal will take a little longer. we will have a report on the present state of play.march_6theyots and aitsthames islands, by miranda vickers. the thames has many islands. miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. she will tell us about those of greatest interest.online bookings：.uk/bookmore info：.uk/whatsonlondon canal museum1213 new wharf road, london ni 9rt.ukwww.canalmuseum.mobitel：020 7713 083621when is the talk on james brindley?afebruary 6th.bmarch 6th.cnovember 7th.ddecember 5th.22. what is the topic of the talk in february?athe canal pioneers.bice for the metropolis.ceyots and aitsthames islands.dan update on the cotswold canals.23. who will give the talk on the islands in the thames?amiranda vickers.bmalcolm tucker.cchris lewis.dliz payne. 2015全国卷 bthe freezing northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to sarasota, florida, my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. i left for the land of warmth and vitamin c(维生素c), thinking of beaches and orange trees. when we touched down to blue skies and warm air, i sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best partparticularly to my taste, dulled by months of coldweather root vegetableswas a 7 am adventure to the sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call.the market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every saturday from 7 am to 1 pm, rain or shine, along north lemon and state streets. baskets of perfect red strawberries; the redpainted sides of the java dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.disappointed by many a broken, vineripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. no matter how attractive they look in the store, once i get them home theyre unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. but i homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the browns grove farms stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. these were the real dealand at that moment, i realized that the best part of sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in new york i wouldnt be experiencing again for months.delighted as i was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when i learned that browns grove farm is one of the suppliers for jack dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the sarasota ritz carlton, whereluckily for mei was planning to have dinner that very night. without even seeing the menu, i knew id be ordering every tomato on it.24. what did the author think of her winter life in new york?aexciting. bboring. crelaxing. dannoying.25. what made the authors getting up early worthwhile?ahaving a swim.bbreathing in fresh air.cwalking in the morning sun.dvisiting a local farmers market.27. what was the author going to do that evening?ago to a farm. bcheck into a hotel.ceat in a restaurant.dbuy fresh vegetables.25d细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句可知，作者认为早上7点到当地的农产品市场是有意义的。故选d。 27c细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“a newly opened restaurant at the sarasota ritz carlton, whereluckily for mei was planning to have dinner that very night.”可知，作者那天晚上计划在餐馆吃饭。故选c。2015全国卷 csalvador dali (19041989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. the pompidou centre in paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly the persistence of memory. there is also lenigme sans fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.the visitor will enter the world of dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. the exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.the exhibition shows how dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限). “from the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing flemish accuracy and the showy baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheatre in figueras，” explains the pompidou centre.the fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the museo nacional reina sofia in madrid, spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the salvador dali museum in st. petersburg, florida.28. which of the following best describes dali according to paragraph 1?aoptimistic. bproductive.cgenerous. dtraditional.29. what is dalis the persistence of memory considered to be?aone of his masterworks.ba successful screen adaptation.can artistic creation for the stage.done of the best tv programmes.30. how are the exhibits arranged at the world of dali?aby popularity.bby importance.cby size and shape.dby time and subject.29a细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly the persistence of memory.”可知the persistence of memory是他的杰作之一。故选a。30d细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“the exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.”可知，展品是根据时间和主题安排的。故选d。2015全国卷 byour house may have an effect on your figure. experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.open the curtains and turn up the lights. dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food. if your home doesnt have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.mind the colours. research suggests warm colours fuel our appetites. in one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 per cent less than those in a yellow or red room. warm colours like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colours make us feel less hungry. so when its time to repaint, go blue. dont forget the clockor the radio. people who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. and while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. if you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. it makes you less likely to rush through a meal. downsize the dishes. big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. we eat about 22 per cent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate. when we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 per cent. and well pour about 30 per cent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.25the text is especially helpful for those who care about_ atheir home comfortsbtheir body shapechouse buyingdhealthy diets26a home environment in blue can help people_ adigest food betterbreduce food intakecburn more caloriesdregain their appetites27what are people advised to do at mealtimes? aeat quickly.bplay fast music.cuse smaller spoons.dturn down the lights.26. b细节理解题。根据文章的第三段中的“people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 per cent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，在蓝色的屋子里吃饭，要比在黄色或者红色的屋子里少吃33%的食物。因此b项 “减少食物摄入量”的说