湖南省衡南县第九中学高考英语 语法专题复习 虚拟语气（1）.doc

湖南省衡南县第九中学高考英语 语法专题复习 虚拟语气目的：本单元的语法知识。重点：条件从句中的虚拟语气。难点：虚拟语气中的错综时态。翻译下面的句子，理解其隐含意义： 1).well,if you had jioned the chat room ten minutes ago, you would have known what we were talking about! 2)., if i got married in the uk, i would expect a present, but if i got married in italy, i would have to give a present. 结论：虚拟语气表达的是一种_(真实/非真实)的情景。 1:用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空，来完成句子。 1).i _(reach) the book if i _(be) a it taller. 2).if i _(have) the chance, i _(want )to be a translator. 3).if i _(be) a student, i _(not use)the mobile phone in class. 【归纳总结】 以上两个句子表述的内容是与_(过去/现在/将来)的事实相反。其句子结构是：if +主语+_, 主语+_ . 【即时操练】 根据中文意思，完成下列句子： 1).假如现在我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。 if i _ more time now, i _ german. 2). 要是我象你一样年轻，我就会找时间锻炼。 if i _as young as you, i _ time to exercise. 3). 如果不是你喜欢足球的话，我才不会告诉你这个比赛的消息呢。 if you _ football,i _ you the news of match. note : would, could , might 和should 可以互换使用, 但意义是有区别的. would intention; plan could ability; might probability 2:选择正确的答案。 1). if you _ yesterday,you _ my son. a. came;could see b.had come; could have seen c.came; could have seen d.had come;could see 2). if it _ last sunday,we _ out for a picnic. a. didnt rain;would go b.didnt rain;would have gone c. hadnt rained; would go d.hadnt rained;would have gone 3). if i _harder at senior high school,i _ in going to beijing university. a.had worked;could have succeeded b.had worked;could succeed c.worked ; could have succeeded d.worked ; could succeed 【归纳总结】 以上两个句子表述的内容是与_(过去/现在/将来)的事实相反。其句子结构是：if +主语+_, 主语+_. 【即时操练】根据中文意思，完成下列句子：1).如果昨天你按时交了作业了，老师就不会罚你了。 if you _ your homework in time yesterday,the teacher _ you.2).如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。 if he _, he _ the train.3).如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。 if you _ him yesterday, he _ some suggestions.3.翻译下面的句子，注意划线部分的意义：1) if i had time tomorrow, i would certainly help you.2) if i were to fail my maths test, i would have to take it again at the end of the term.3) if he should come tomorrow, i would talk to him about it.【归纳总结】 以上两个句子表述的内容是与_(过去/现在/将来)的事实相反。其句子结构是：if +主语+_, 主语+_.【即时操练】根据中文意思，完成下列句子：1) 假如我要出国，我就会去法国。 if i _ go abroad, i _ to france.2) 万一明天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。 if it _ tomorrow, our picnic_off.3). 要是明天是周日，我就会去看电影。if it _ sunday tomorrow, i _ to see a film. 4.句型改写：每一空一个词。1). if you should make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed._ you _ a mistake, you should not be embarrassed.2) if you had told me earlier, i would not have this problem now._ you _me earlier, i would not have this problem now.3) if you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner._you _the train, you would be there much sooner. 【归纳总结】 当if引导的虚拟条件句中含有had,should 或were 时，我们可以把他们提到句首，这时，if一定要省略。4) if you were the manager here, what would you do? _ ,what would you do ?5) if he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. _ , he would be fired immediately.6) if i had had time, i would have run around the lake again. _ , i would have run around the lake again.7) if there should be a flood, what should we do? _ , what should we do?5.错综条件虚拟语气假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致, 叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。1).if the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.2).if you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital now.【即时操练】 用括号里动词的适当形式完成下面句子：3).if you _ (come and attend) the meeting yesterday, you _ ( know) what we are doing now. 4).if you _ ( follow) my advice, you _( not be )in trouble now.5).if you _ (ask) him yesterday, you _( know )what to do now.6. 我们也可以用 otherwise, or 以及 with, without 或 but for等构成的短语来代替if引导的虚拟条件从句：1).without air (=if there were no air), there would be no living things. 2).but for your help (=if it hadnt been for your help), i couldnt have done it.3).i was busy that day. otherwise i would have gone there with them.(=if i hadnt been busy that day, i would have gone there with them.) 4).i would have finished the work, but i have been ill. (=if i hadnt been ill, i would have finished the work.)7.在 even if, as if, as though and if only 引导的状语从句中，也常使用虚拟语气：1).即使生了病，他也去办公室。 even if he were ill, he would go to his office. 2).他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。 he treated me as if i were a stranger. 3).她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。she talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 4).要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。if only our parents could live with us!巩固练习：选择正确的答案：1. everything _ if albert hadnt called the fire brigade (消防队).a.will be destroyed b. will have been destroyed c. would be destroyed d. would have been destroyed 2. the business is risky. but _, we would be rich.a. should we succeed b. we should succeed c. might we succeed d. would we succeed3. what would have happened, _, as far as the river bank?a. bob had walked farther b. if bob should walk farther c. had bob walked farther d. if bob walked farther4. i _ you some money, but i hadnt any on me then.a. would lend b. would have lent c. could lend d. may have lent5. _ today, he would get there by friday. a. was he leaving b. if he leaves c. were he to leave d. if he is leaving6. supposing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passengers? a.were to sink b. has sunk c. was sinking d. sunk7. i dont think hell attend the party, and _ he attend it, what would he wear?a. were b. had c. did d. should 8. if i had studied english last year, i _ able to speak it now. a. would have been b. should be c. had been d. could be 9. if you _ your medicine yesterday, you would be well now. a. took b. would take c. had taken d. would have taken10. -is he feeling any better? -no, if he had followed the doctors advice. he _ quite all right now. a. will have been b. would have been c. would be d. will be 11. i dont have a cellphone. if i _one , it would be convenient for me to get in touch with others. a. has b. have been c. had d. have12. if the earthquake had happened in the daytime, there _ many more deaths. a. were b. would have been c. had been d. would be 13. if we were to be 200 years old, we _ everything.a. will change b. can change c. could change d. shall change14. you didnt let me drive. if we _ in turn, you _ so tired. a. drove; didnt get b. drove; wouldnt getc. were driving; wouldnt get d. had driven; wouldnt have got15. if i _ in the 22nd century, i _my vacation in a very different way.a.should live; would spend b. will live; should spend c.were living; should have spent d.will be living; would have spent用括号