湖南省邵东县高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼（3）.doc

湖南省邵东县2016高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼（3）阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的a,b,c或d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity.i would return from school and spend the expected half hour recording the days events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary.i did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but i gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever recorded on paper.after all, isnt accumulating memories a way of preserving the past? when i was thirteen years old, i went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, wellequipped with pens, a diary, and a camera.during the trip, i was busy recording every incident, name and place i came across.i felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels.on my last night there, i wandered out of my tent, diary in hand.the sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows.i automatically took out my pen.at that point, i understood that nothing i wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds i allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.all i remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations i had set down in my diary.now, i only write in my diary when i need to write down a special thought or feeling.i still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful.i take pictures, but not very oftenonly of objects i find really beautiful.im no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when i grow old.i realize that life will simply pass me by if i stay behind the camera, busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.i dont want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes.maybe i wont have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe ill forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.i dont live to make memoriesi just live, and the memories form themselves.1before the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of_.aobserving her school routinebexpressing her satisfactioncimpressing her classmatesdpreserving her history解析细节理解题。由文章第一段的最后一句话“after all, isnt accumulating memories a way of preserving the past？”可知，我认为通过看过去经历的记录是保存过去的一种方式，故选d项。答案d2what caused a change in the authors understanding of keeping a diary?aa dull night on the journey.bthe beauty of the great valley.ca striking quotation from a book.dher concerns for future generations.解析细节理解题。由第三段的第一句话“at that point, i understood that nothing i wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds i allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley.”可知，山谷的美让我意识到没有什么能比得上让自己去体验美。故选b项。答案b3what does the author put in her diary now?anotes and beautiful pictures.bspecial thoughts and feelings.cdetailed accounts of daily activities.ddescriptions of unforgettable events.解析细节理解题。由第四段第一句话“now, i only write in my diary when i need to write down a special thought or feeling.”可知现在“我”只把一些特殊想法和感受写在日记里，故正确答案为b项。答案b4the author comes to realize that to live a meaningful life is_.ato experience itbto live the present in the futurecto make memoriesdto give accurate representations of it解析细节理解题。由最后一段的最后一句“i dont live to make memories.i just live，and the memories form themselves”可知a项正确，c项不正确；由第四段最后一句“i realize that life will simply pass me by if i stay behind the camera，busy preserving the present so as to live it in the future.”可知b项错误。由最后一段第二句话“maybe i wont have as many exact representations of people and places；maybe ill forget certain facts，but at least the experiences will always remain inside me.”可知d项错误。答案a。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。having a great teacher can be lifechanging. mr. goodney, my 9th grade advanced english teacher, pushed me in ways i hadnt been pushed in the classroom previously. he didnt grade me compared to my classmates；he graded us on a personal grading scale. mr. goodney encouraged me but i just couldnt seem to please mr. goodney, no matter how hard i worked.i continued to see the dreaded bs, sometimes even a c, so frequently that i said goodbye to my hopes of being a middle student. i was a really diligent nerd(令人厌烦的人). yet at the end of the semester when report cards came out, i had an “a” next to my english class, and i realized that the letter he had written on my report card was just a way to make me work harder than i ever had.he made me push myself to think deeper, write better, and analyze more thoroughly. he didnt hate me as i initially thought, and i looked back embarrassed about all those times when i showed frustration and dissatisfaction with a returned grade. he would write a positive comment on one of my papers that would invigorate_me to work even harder even if i made a little bit progress. these sporadic (零星的) good words would motivate me to do whatever it took to earn those praising comments on my next paper and push me to try and top my last assignment. after we all improved he expected perfection and those high standards made all of us better writers, creators, good students, and useful people. mr. goodney inspired me to become an english teacher although i felt like i fell below his standards in a classroom. now i have become a high school teacher. thinking of him from time to time makes me try to come up with fresh and creative teaching ways just as he did.from my experience i believe a good teacher is very important. mr. goodney inspires me to this day, and i wish i could travel back to the 9th grade for just one day in the old classroom, so i can fully thank him, which i didnt do at that time. 1. according to the passage, mr. goodney graded the author_. ain order to encourage himbaccording to his real marks ccompared to his classmatesdas most teachers usually do 2. what do we know about the author from the passage? a. he only did well in english and often got praises. bhe didnt study his lessons hard enough. che got good marks on one of his report cards. dhe had confidence in becoming a top student. 3. the underlined words “invigorate me” in paragraph 4 can be replaced by_. atake pity on mebencourage mecplay tricks on medoffer me help 4after getting a positive comment, the author_. atried to do better next time bthought his teacher liked him best cthanked his teacher immediatelydfelt proud of him too much解题导语一个好的老师可以改变一个人的命运。作者永远不会忘记自己在九年级时的英语老师。在他的鼓励和帮助下，作者终于成为了有用之才。1. 解析：选a。细节理解题。从文章第一段中的. he graded us on a personal grading scale和第二段中的mr. goodney encouraged me. 可知，这位老师在教育孩子方面的不同， 他是按学生的个人情况给打分，借此来鼓励孩子。2解析：选c。细节理解题。由文章第三段中的yet at the end of the semester when report cards came out, i had an “a” next to my english class. 可知，作者在他的其中一张成绩单上得到了好的成绩。3. 解析：选b。词义猜测题。根据句中提到的a positive comment.及下文的.work even harder.可推断，invigorate意为“鼓励”，故正确选项为b。4. 解析：选a。细节理解题。从文章第四段中的these sporadic(零星的) good words would motivate me to do whatever it took to.push me to try and top my last assignment. 可知，老师的这些鼓励激励了作者，使他更加努力地去争取在下一次做得更好，更完美。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。nowadays, there is a heated debate on whether pollutants should be cleaned in the air. cleaning up the air, while good for our lungs, could make global warming worse. and the pollutants still go up around the air, along with carbon dioxide.these pollutants are called aerosols (气溶粒) and they include soot as well as mixtures of nitrogen(氮) and sulfur(硫) and other stuff into the air. natalie mahowald, a climate researcher at cornell university, says so far, scientists have mostly tried to understand what those aerosols do while theyre actually in the air.there are so many different kinds of aerosols, she says. some warm and some cool. but in fact, humans are giving out a lot of extra aerosols, and they tend to cool for the most part.the aerosols reflect sunlight back into space, or keep us cool. but it turns out thats not all they do. these aerosols also influence how much carbon dioxide gets drawn out of the air by plants on land and in the sea.they can add nutrients, for example, to the oceans or to the land, mahowald says. but also while theyre in the atmosphere they can change the climate, and thus that also can influence the amount of carbon, the land or the ocean can take up. so there are quite a few different ways that aerosols can act on each other.mahowalds results suggest that reducing those pollutants could be an even bigger problem than realized, when you consider that aerosols help remove carbon dioxide from the air by encouraging plant growth. hard numbers on this effect are highly uncertain at the moment, but this could turn out to be quite significant.and studying it is not easy because the effects arent well understood. for example, nitrogen can be a fertilizer (肥料), but it can stop plant growing when nitrogen comes out of the air in acid form. right now it seems like were much more likely to clean up aerosol pollution, while increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. so scientists, unfortunately, may have a chance to see whether this experiment on our planet should continue or not.36. from paragraph 2, we know that .a. scientists have been aware of how aerosols workb. natalie mahowald is an expert in climatec. cleaning up the air is so populard. pollutants are under control so far【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由第二段第二句natalie mahowald的同位语a climate researcher at cornell university可知natalie mahowald是一个气候专家，故选b。37. what is natalie mahowalds opinion on those aerosols?a. aerosols can influence each other in various ways.b. all the aerosols will cool the earth.c. aerosols can add nutrients to human beings. d. any kind of aerosols will warm the earth.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由第三段some warm and some cool得知，bd选项错误, 与some不符。从第五段的to the oceans，得知c也不对。由第五段最后一句aerosols can act on each other气溶粒可以以不同的方式相互影响，故选a。38. why is it important for scientists to get accurate numbers according to the passage? a. scientists have a chance to research them.b. they can bring scientists much more benefit.c. scientists can protect the earth from being pollutedd. they can help scientists understand the effects better. 【答案】d【解析】推理判断题。从第六段最后一句和第七段开头句可推出d正确。其他选项与题目没有直接的因果关系。它们能帮科学家更好地理解影响，故选d。39. what does the last sentence of the passage imply?a. scientists will be in a dilemma.b. the experiment will be successful.c. scientists will carry out the experiment.d. scientists have difficulty in the experiment. 【答案】a【解析】词义猜测题。从第七段开头句和第八段最后一句should continue or not应不应该进行。说明研究的左右为难。故a最合适。而d选项属于事实题，不是暗示推理题。科学家左右为难，故选a。40. which of the following can be the best title of this passage?a. pollutants in the air.b. the experiment on the planetc. the reason for global warming d. the influence of aerosols 【答案】d【解析】标题归纳题。全文以aerosols为中心，说明它的影响。故d正确。其他选项要么范围太大要么太小，不够全面。气溶粒的影响，故选d。2015高考英语（附解析答案）.单项填空1my parents check our package carefully to make sure we dont_ anything we will need on the trip.aleave off bleave outcleave about dleave for解析考查短语动词辨析。“父母仔细检查包裹”的目的是为了“不要遗漏(leave out)任何东西”。leave off停止，中断；leave about乱放；leave for动身去。答案b2before the sales start，i make a list of_my kids will need for the coming season.awhy bwhat chow dwhich解析 考查介词的宾语从句的引导词。句意：在促销活动开始之前，我列出了一份在即将来临的季节里孩子们所需物品的购物清单。介词of后为一个宾语从句，而从句中谓语动词need需要宾语，故判断应由what来引导此宾语从句。答案 b3to my_，my pet dog，which was lost three days ago，came back safe and sound.aattraction berror ccredit ddelight解析考查名词辨析。既然是“丢失的宠物狗安然无恙地归来”，应该感到高兴(delight)，故选d项。attraction吸引；to ones delight“使某人高兴的是”。答案d4the computer system_suddenly while paul was searching for information on the internet.abroke down bbroke outcbroke up dbroke in解析考查短语辨析。break down出故障；break out爆发；break up拆开；break in破门而入。句意：当paul在网上查找信息时，电脑系统突然瘫痪了。答案a5do you know when_accident happened?i was not there，so i dont know the exact date.but it must be_sunday because i was off duty only on sundays.athe；a ba；aca；不填 dthe；不填解析考查冠词。根据句意可知此处accident是指双方都知道的事，故其前应用定冠词；而sunday此处是指某一个星期天，其前应用不定冠词。答案a6overheating development might have a bad_ on the national economy.acause binfluencecresult dfactor解析句意：经济过热可能会对国家的经济带来坏的影响。have.influence onhave.effect on“对有影响”。答案b7they have put the names of all the students on the list.none_.aleft out bwas leaving outcis being left out dwas left out解析 leave out“遗漏”，为及物动词短语，none与leave out为被动关系，故可排除a、b两项；用一般过去时表示过去的动作，由此可排除c项。答案 d8_the stress and pressure from her job，she bore the burden of caring for her sick mother.aas well as bas long ascas far as das soon as解析句意：除了来自于工作的紧张和压力外，她还承受着照顾生病的母亲的重担。as well as 相当于besides。答案a9. how could i thank you enough?dont menti