解读建筑电气在设计节能中的具体措施中英文分析 文档.doc

/ /解读建筑电气在设计节能中的具体措施中英文分析Reading the specific measures analysis of building electrical design in energy saving 随着社会的发展进步，节能环保的理念成为世界经济发展的主旋律，无论是在建筑行业还是社会建设的其他领域和行业，在能源的使用方面，都还没有一个有效的利用的方法，伴随着社会快节奏式生活的开展，作为能源消耗第二大国，建筑电气的节能重要性就更加突出，为了减少建筑消耗的能源，应在满足投资经济性的同时，尽可能地降低建筑电气的运行能耗。降低建筑电气设计 的能源消耗是大势所趋。Along with societys development and progress, the concept of energy conservation and environmental protection to be the worlds economic development theme, whether in the construction industry or other areas of social construction and industry, in terms of energy use, have not a effective method of use, along with the social life of fast rhythm type, as the second largest country, energy consumption of building electrical energy saving is more important, in order to reduce construction consumption of energy, as well as investment economy should be in at the same time, as far as possible to reduce the operation of the electric energy consumption. Reduce the consumption of energy source for building electrical design is the trend of The Times.一、建筑电气设计节能的原则分析A, building electrical design in energy saving analysis of the principle1.满足建筑物的功能1. Meet the function of the building满足照明的照度、色温、显色指数；满足舒适性空调的温度及新风量，也就是舒适卫生；满足上下、左右的运输通道畅通无阻；满足特殊工艺要求，如娱乐场所一些电气设施的用电、展厅的工艺照明及电力用电等。Meet the lighting intensity of illumination and color temperature and color rendering index; Meet new comfort air conditioning temperature and air flow, which is comfortable and health; Meet up and down, left and right sides of transport channels unimpeded; Meet special process requirements, such as entertainment venues some electrical facilities, exhibition hall lighting electricity and power electricity and etc.2.考虑实际经济效益2. Considering the actual economic benefits节能应考虑国情及经济效益，不能因为节能而过高地消耗投资，增加运行费用。而是应该让增加的投资在几年或较短的时间内用节能效益进行回收。Energy-saving should consider the national conditions and economic benefit, not because of energy saving and consume too much investment, increase the operation cost. But should increase investment in a few years or for a shorter time with energy saving benefit of recycling.3.节省无谓消耗的能量3. Save the unnecessary consumption of energy节能的着眼点应是节省无谓的能量。首先找出哪些地方的能量消耗与发挥建筑物功能无关，再考虑采取什么措施节能。如变压器的功率损耗、传输电能线路上的有功损耗都是无用的能量损耗；又如量大面广的照明容量，要采用先进技术使其能耗降低。因此，节能措施也应贯彻实用、经济合理、技术先进的原则。A focal point of energy saving should be save unnecessary energy. First of all find out which parts of the worlds energy consumption has nothing to do with building functions, to consider what measures saving energy. Such as power loss of transformer, power transmission lines on the active loss are useless energy losses; And like a enormous quantity wide capacity of lighting, to adopt advanced technology to reduce their energy consumption. Therefore, energy-saving measures also should implement the principle of practical, economic and reasonable, advanced technology.二、建筑电气设计节能具体措施分析Second, building electrical design in energy saving measures analysis1.照明节能设计1. Lighting energy saving design照明节能设计就是在保证不降低照明质量的要求下，尽量减少照明电路中能量的损失，从而达到能量利用的最大化。照明节能设计的措施通常一般有以下几种：照明方式选择：应当充分利用自然光，这是节省照明能耗的重要方式之一，即在设计中电气设计人员应当尽量考虑到自然光与人工照明的充分结合，从而从很大程度上节省了照明电能；选择合理的光源：其最基本的原则就是应根据不同的场所选择不同的光源。选择恰当的照明方式或装置也是一种可行的节电能的方法。根据照明使用的要求分别采用各种节能型开关，如病房、卧房可采用调光开关；室外场所和公共场所得照明则可采用光电、声控开关；走道、走廊等场所可采用节能声控开关。Lighting energy saving design is under guarantee not reduce the requirement of lighting quality, minimize the lighting circuit of energy losses, thus to maximize the use of energy. Lighting energy saving design measures usually has the following kinds: (1) illumination method choice: should make full use of natural light, this is one of the important ways to save energy consumption of lighting, electrical design in the design personnel shall be given a combination of natural light and artificial lighting, thereby largely saving lighting electricity; (2) choose reasonable light source: its basic principle is should choose different light source according to different places. 3. Choose the right lighting or device can also is a kind of feasible power saving method. According to the requirement of the lighting used, respectively, used in a variety of energy-saving switch, dimmer switch can be used such as ward, bedroom; Outdoor places and public places lighting can use photoelectric, voice-activated switch; Corridor, corridor and so on can be adopted energy-saving acoustic control switch.2.降低线路损耗设计2. Reduce the loss of line design当电能传输时，在电路网络中就产生功率损耗，一般来说，其与线路的长度和负载的大小相关联。因此，应当尽量提高系统的功率系数、减少导线的电阻，从而降低其损耗。其措施主要有以下几种：线路路径的选择要合理。为减小导线长度，线路尽可能不走弯路，尽量走直线；合理选择导线截面积：导线的截面积大小的确定应根据电流指标与经济条件来确定。对于线路较长的电路，在满足电流以及电压降要求的情况下，可使导线的截面积加大12级；合理确定电气用房所在的位置。其遵守的基本原理就是尽量减小供电路径。When electric power transmission, power loss occurs in the network, in general, its associated with the length of the line and the size of the load. Therefore, should as far as possible improve system power factor, reduce the resistance of the conductor, thereby reducing the loss. The measures mainly has the following kinds: (1) the line path selection is reasonable. To reduce the length of wire, the line as far as possible dont detours, a straight line as far as possible; (2) choose the conductor cross-sectional area: the size of the cross-sectional area of the wires should be based on current indicators and economic conditions were determined. On line long circuit, under the condition of meet the requirements of current and voltage drop, can make the conductor cross-sectional area increase 1 2 grade; (3) reasonable electrical housing location. It adhere to the basic principle is to minimize power supply path.3空调系统的节能设计3. The energy-saving design of air conditioning system所谓的建筑能耗，也就是建筑功能使用时所消耗的能源，这其中，建筑采暖与空调能耗占总能耗的50%70%。上世纪末期，我国建筑能源消耗占世界比例的20%25%。暖通空调系统在建筑节能中的作用可想而知，节能技术的研究开发和运用是暖通空调系统、建筑系统节能的基础，这些技术的合理应用，一定能为建筑节能做出重要的贡献。比如通过控制中心微机上的检测，画面上随时都能显示机组的启停时间运行时间以及冷水机组的运行状态、过载报警等参数，对暖通节能的有效实施颇有益处。So-called building energy consumption, that is, building functions when using the consumed energy, the energy consumption of building heating and air conditioning energy consumption accounted for 50% 50%. At the end of the last century, Chinas building energy consumption accounts for the proportion of 20% 25%. The role of hvac system in building energy efficiency, energy saving technology research, development and use is the basis of the hvac systems, building energy conservation, the reasonable application of these technologies, must can do important contribution in building energy efficiency. Such as center on microcomputer control through the test, the picture can show unit start-stop time at any time on the running time, and the operation of the chiller, overload alarm parameters, such as, for the effective implementation of the hvac energy saving benefits.4供配电系统节能设计4. Power supply and distribution system design配电系统应从全局出发，统筹兼顾，按照负荷性质、用电容量、工程特点、系统规模和发展规划以及当地供电条件，选择合理供电电压和供电方式，合理设计供配电系统，做到系统经济合理，简单明确，减少电能损失，并便于维护和管理?。根据建筑布局、系统分配要求、用电设备分布等情况，并考虑供电半径及减少电能损耗，合理设置机房及竖井，变配电所及供配电设备应尽量靠近负荷中心。Should from the global distribution system, overall consideration, according to the nature of the load, the capacity of electricity utilization, development scale and engineering characteristics, system planning and the local power supply condition, choose reasonable power supply voltage and the power supply, reasonable power supply and distribution system design, system economic and reasonable, simple and clear, reduce power losses, and easy to maintain and management? . According to the architectural layout, distribution of system requirements and utilization, equipment distribution, etc., and to consider power supply radius and reduce power loss, reasonable setting room and shafts, variable power distribution and power supply equipment should be close to load centers.5合理选择变压器5. Reasonable selection of transformer变压器作为配电系统的基本设备，其损耗大约占总耗量的6%，合理选择变压器的容量、台数、运行方式，合理调整负荷。季节性负荷较大或冲击性负荷严重影响电能质量时，设专用变压器，以适应由于季节性造成的负荷变化时能够灵活投切变压器，实现经济运行，减少由于轻载运行造成的不必要电能损耗。Transformer as the basic equipment of power distribution system, the loss is about 6% of the total consumption of reasonable selection of transformer capacity, sets, operation mode, adjusting the load. Great seasonal load or badly-impactive loads the serious influence power quality, dedicated transformer, so as to adapt to the load caused by seasonal change transformer, flexibility to achieve economi