辽宁省灯塔市高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练（2）.doc

辽宁灯塔市2016高考英语二轮阅读理解训练【2】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。(superconducting materials)the stone age, the iron age. entire epochs have been named for materials. so what to call the decades ahead? the choice will be tough. welcome to the age of superstuff. material science - once the least sexy technology is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. but superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science.the key to the new materials is researchers increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. but by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. ford motor co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. a firm called kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.a similar transformation has overtaken plastics. high-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. and one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. besides, composites plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantrymans life by deflecting two bullets in the grenada invasion.some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. the newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.but new materials have no impact until they are made into products. and that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. it can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future.1.how many new materials are mentioned in this passage?a twothreec fourd five2.why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science?a to compare them with the new materials.to show the significance of the new materials on the future world.c to compare the new materials to them.d to explain his view point.3.why is transition difficult?a because transition requires money and time.because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.c because research on new materials is very difficult.dbecause it takes 10 years.4.where lies success of a country in the new age of superstuff?a it lies in research.it lies in investment.c it lies in innovation.d it lies in application.vocabulary1.superstuff 超级材料2.superconducting ceramic 超导陶瓷3.exotic 神奇的4.shape 塑造，成型5.brittleness 脆性6.polymer 聚合体7.karate jacket 空手道外衣8.touch sensor 触及传感器9.each punch and chop 每一个击、打10.blot 玷污，损害风景的东西11.tinker 修补，调整12.amendable 服从于，遵循的13.biodegradable 能生物递减分解的14.six-pack rings 放六个罐子的环状物15.decompose 分解16.recyclable 可循环（使用的）17.infantryman 步兵18.deflect 使偏斜，使转向19.a new twist 一个新的观点，方法难句译注1.material science once the least sexy technology is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.【参考译文】材料科学，一度曾是最无吸引力（最不起眼）的技术，正以崭新的 ，以超导陶瓷为首的种种实用性发明绽开新颜。这种超导陶瓷可能会使电子技术彻底改变。2.some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. the newest fiberoptic cables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.【参考译文】有些高级材料是带有新方法的老标准。最新全国电话的光纤电缆由玻璃制成。这种玻璃透明度极高，一片100英里厚的玻璃比一块标准的窗框玻璃还要清晰透明。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇介绍“超导材料”的论说文,采用一般到具体的分类写作手法。先指出未来时代的材料属于超导，然后再提出三种超导材料，再逐一说明。答案详解1.b 三种超导材料。答案再第一段最后一句“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷”。下面各段具体讲这三种材料。第二段讲陶瓷：“新材料之关键在于研究工作者不断提高在分子水平上处理物质的能力。举陶瓷为例，由于它的脆性，长期来应用范围有限。但是通过改善导致脆性的微小缺陷，科学家制造出一种保持原有硬度和抗热性，但坚实得多的陶瓷”。第三段讲塑料。“类似的转折发生在塑料上，高强度的塑料建成了桥梁、溜冰场、直升机的叶轮。一种震动或推动就能发电的新型塑料用于电子吉他上，触及传感塑料用于机械手和空手道外衣上，它能自动记录每次击打。”后面谈及塑料垃圾可以处理，或者制造可分解还原的塑料制品。塑料内加入其他化合物加强性能。第四段讲有些高级材料由新的改变，最新的光纤电缆由玻璃制成，透明度极高，100英里厚的一块其清晰度比一块普通窗玻璃还高。2.b 说明这种新材料对未来世界的意义。答案在第一段：“神奇的塑料、玻璃和陶瓷一定会象生物工程和计算机一样将改变世界。”a. 把它们和新材料相比较，这里不仅仅是比较，而是说明三者都具同样的作用改变世界。 c. 把新材料比作它们。也不仅仅是比喻比拟。 与a一样没有说到核心电。d. 说明他的观点。太笼统。3.a 转折需要钱和时间。见最后一段“可是新材料只有制成产品才有影响，而这个转折可能很困难，因为转折需要长期的研究和投资。可以这么说，在不久的将来，更牢牢地掌握如何把材料转变成商品将决定一个国家之成败。”b. 因为许多制造商不愿改变他们的设备。c. 因为新材料的研究非常困难。 d. 转折要华上十年时间。这三项文内没有涉及。4.d 在超级材料时代已过之成功在于应用。a. 在于研究。b. 在于投资。c. 在于革新。这三项都是应用的部分前提。其中a和b文内提到，c项文内未涉及。【陕西省西安市第一中学2014高考英语二模试题】b do you know how to use a mobile phone without being rude to the people around you?talking during a performance irritates (激怒) people. if you are expecting an emergency call, sit near the exit doors and set your phone to vibrate (振动). when your mobile phone vibrates, you can leave quietly and let the others enjoy the performance.think twice before using mobile phones in elevators, museums, churches or other indoor public placesespecially enclosed spaces. would you want to listen to someones conversation in these places? worse yet, how would you feel if a mobile phone rang suddenly during a funeral! it happens more often than you think. avoid these embarrassing situations by making sure your mobile phone is switched off.when eating at a restaurant with friends, dont place your mobile phone on the table. this conveys the message that your phone calls are more important than those around you.mobile phones have sensitive microphones that allow you to speak at the volume you would on a regular phone. this enables you to speak quietly so that others wont hear the details of your conversations. if you are calling from a noisy area, use your hand to direct your voice into the microphone.many people believe that they cant live without their mobile phone. owning a mobile phone definitely makes life more convenient, but limit your conversations to urgent ones and save the personal calls until you are at home.【小题1】what should you do when you need to answer a phone call during a performance? a. call back after the performance. b. answer it near the exit door. c. talk outside the exit door. d. speak in a low voice.【小题2】 putting your mobile phone on a restaurant table may make your friends think_. a. you prefer to talk to your friends at the table b. you value your calls more than your friends c. you are enjoying the company of your friends d. you are polite and considerate of your friends【小题2】when you are calling in a noisy area, you are advised to _. a. use a more sensitive microphone b. shout loudly into your microphone c. go away quietly to continue the phone call d. use your hand to help speak into the phone【小题4】the author implies that the use of mobile phones in such places as museums should be_. a. limited b. expected c. encouraged d. recommended【答案】【小题1】c【小题2】b【小题3】d【小题4】a【解析】试题分析：文章介绍了一些使用电话的礼仪，怎样打电话不会打扰到别人，什么地方应该尽量不要接电话，还有接电话以后怎么说话都要注意。【小题1】细节题：从文章第二段的句子：sit near the exit doors and set your phone to vibrate (振动). when your mobile phone vibrates, you can leave quietly可知如果你在演出的中途想接电话，应该在出口外面交谈，选c 【陕西省西安市第一中学2014高考英语二模试题】cwhen a rare disease ald threatened to kill the four-year-old boy lorenzo, his parents refused to give up hope. doctors explained that there was no cure for ald, and that he would probably die within three years. but lorenzos parents set out to prove the doctors wrong.the parents devoted themselves to keeping their son alive and searching for a cure. but doctors and the families of other ald patients often refused to take them seriously. they thought the efforts to find a cure were a waste of time, and drug companies werent interested in supporting research into such a rare disease.however, the parents still refused to give up and spent every available hour in medical libraries and talking to anyone who would help. through trial and error, they finally created a cure from ingredients (调料) commonly found in the kitchen. the cure, named lorenzos oil, saved the boys life. despite the good results, scientists and doctors remained unconvinced. they said there was no real evidence that the oil worked and that the treatment was just a theory. as a result, some families with ald children were reluctant to try it.finally, the boys father organized an international study to test the oil. after ten years of trials, the answer is: the oil keeps ald children healthy.【小题1】doctors said that lorenzo might die within three years because_ .a. they had never