课文注释 Unit 2 Cloning

Unit 2 Cloning(Notes to the texts)1 Clone克隆。一个细菌经过几十分钟就可一分为二；一根葡萄枝切成十段就可能变成十株葡萄；仙人掌切成几块, 每块落地就生根；一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐茎, 一年内就能长出数百株草莓苗这些都是生物靠自身的一分为二或自身的一小部分的扩大来繁衍后代, 这就是无性繁殖, 无性繁殖的英文名称叫Clone, 译音为“克隆”。实际上, 英文的Clone起源于希腊文“Klone”, 原意是“嫩枝”或“插条”繁殖。利用动物的胚胎细胞或体细胞, 使其与已预先去除遗传物质的成熟卵子融合, 并发育成胚胎, 再经胚胎移殖成仔产出。用这种方法产生的动物其基因全部来自供体, 而与卵子无关。这种无性繁殖技术就称为克隆技术。2 Dolly the sheep多莉羊。多莉羊于1996年7月5目由苏格兰罗斯林研究所的伊恩威尔穆特教授等人通过体细胞克隆法培育问世, 是世界上首只成年体细胞克隆动物。多莉诞生后六年, 因肺部感染而死亡。六岁对于绵羊来说是年轻的, 因此多莉的早逝意味着克隆技术尚不完善。3 Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Cloning scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illnesses were more appropriate to a much older animal. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊身上, 这让他们很沮丧。本句中的news与that Dolly had become seriously ill是同位语关系。一个名词或代词后面有时可按一个单词、短语或从句, 对前者作进一步的解释, 说明它指的是谁或是什么, 这就是同位语。如：Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday. 王先生, 我孩子的老师, 星期二要来看我们。I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children. 我, 作为家里最大的女孩, 老得照料家中的其他孩子。cast down使沮丧；使泄气。如：He was much cast down by his failure to find work. 他找不到工作十分泄气。He was cast down by the result of the experiment. 他被实验的结果搞得很沮丧。be appropriate to (for) sth适合于的；适当的。如：Beethovens music is appropriate for the occasion. 贝多芬的音乐适合这种场合。You should write it in a style which is appropriate to your subject. 你应当用一种适合你的文章主题的写作风格。4 Is it in favour of cloning or against cloning? 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为?in favour of 赞成；支持。如：I have told her about our plan, and she is in favour of it. 我对她讲了我们的计划, 她表示赞同。He refused a job in the company in favour of a university appointment. 他拒绝了一家公司的工作, 而接受了一所大学的职位。5 Dollys death, like her birth, is bound to raise worries. 多莉之死, 正如它的出世一样, 注定要带来焦虑。be bound to肯定会。如：Look at the sky. Its bound to rain this afternoon. 看看天, 今天下午一定会下雨。In a group as big as this, you are bound to have disagreements. 在这么大的一群人中, 你一定会遇到不同意见。raise举起；使起来；引起；提出。如：If you have any questions, please raise your hands. 你们如有问题, 可举手问。Shut the windows. The jeep in front of our car has raised a cloud of dust. 关上窗子, 我们车子前面的吉普车扬起了一片尘土。Their discussion raised a series of problems. 他们的讨论引出了一系列的问题。问题：raise, rise和arise意义相近, 但用法不同。 请看以下句子, 正确理解句子的意思并把它们译成汉语。They raise the flag every morning when the sun rises.Everybody expects a rise in wages at the beginning of the year.Many problems would arise if he knew the facts.6 Scientists believe human cloning is just a matter of time but the assumption that human clones have already been born hasnt been proved yet. 科学家们相信人类的克隆只不过是时间问题, 但是克隆人已经问世的说法还没有被证实。7 You might find this hard at first but it pays off when you come to speak. 你可能在开始时觉得困难, 但当你说起来了, 你会觉得很值得。pay off在此句中表示“是值得的；没有白费”。如：His efforts paid off when the girl accepted his proposal. 他的努力没有白费, 女孩接受了他的求婚。 另外, pay off还有“偿清；还