（3年高考2年模拟）高三英语二轮突破 阅读理解特训17（含解析）.doc

阅读理解特训：3真2模含解析2014届高三英语二轮突破17c82013浙江卷 c the baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. during the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. after a week or so, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother”the real mother or the mothersubstitute (母亲替代物). during the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological (心理的) thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. the harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mothersubstitutesone covered with cloth and one made of bare wire. if the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. however, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mothersubstitutes as their favorites. thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the more comfortable cloth mother. why is cloth preferable to bare wire? something that the harlows called contact(接触) comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. wire doesnt “rub” as well as does soft cloth. prolonged (长时间的) “contact comfort” with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk. according to the harlows, the basic quality of a babys love for its mother is trust. if the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no matter how interesting they might be. it screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. if its cloth mother is now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushes to it and holds onto it for dear life. after a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. it then climbs down from the mothersubstitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace (拥抱) as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother”. 50psychologically, what does the baby monkey desire most during the first two weeks of its life? a. warmth. b. milk. c. contact. d. trust. 51after the first two weeks of their life, baby monkeys prefer the cloth mother to the wire mother because the former is _. a. larger in size b. closer to them c. less frightening and less disturbing d. more comfortable to rub against 52what does the baby monkey probably gain from prolonged “contact comfort”？a. attention. b. softness. c. confidence. d. interest. 53it can be inferred that when the baby monkey feels secure, _. a. it frequently rushes back for a deep embrace when exploring the toysb. it spends more time screaming to get rewardsc. it is less attracted to the toys though they are interestingd. it cares less about whether its mother is still around54the main purpose of the passage is to _. a. give the reasons for the experimentb. present the findings of the experimentc. introduce the method of the experimentd. describe the process of the experiment【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者阐述了一个关于幼猴的实验发现。50a考查细节理解。从文章第一段“during the first few days of its lifeonto almost any large, warm, and soft object”可知，幼猴刚出生最需要的是温暖，所以选a项。51d考查推理判断。从第三段“why is cloth preferable to bare wire？baby monkeys spent much of their time rubbing against their mothers skins”推知，幼猴选择“布妈妈”，而不是“线妈妈”的原因在于相对于“线妈妈”而言，“布妈妈”皮肤接触起来更舒服，可能也更暖和，故选d项。 52c考查细节理解。从第三段“prolonged (长时间的)contact comfort with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and ”可知，长时间地与“布妈妈”接触，增加了幼猴的自信心，因此c项是最佳答案。53d考查推理判断。从最后一段“if its cloth mother is now introducedit obviously begins to feel more secure.it then climbs down fromand less and less time holding onto its mother”推知，当幼猴看到“布妈妈”后，它会觉得有安全感，从而在行为上会放松起来，从而越来越喜欢玩玩具，而减少与“母亲”接触的时间，所以d项正确。54b 考查写作意图。文章主要介绍了一个关于幼猴的实验结果，因此作者在文章中是要呈现这个结果给读者，所以b项为最佳答案。c82013北京卷 dmultitaskingpeople who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. the findings, based on performances and selfevaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and cant focus on one activity. and “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things，” said david sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the university of utah.sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensationseeking (寻求刺激) or impulsive (冲动) they were. they then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. but those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. they also were more likely to admit to sensationseeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.“people multitask not because its going to lead to greater productivity, but because theyre distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important，” sanbonmatsu said.adam gazzaley, a researcher at the university of california, san francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldnt find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether peoples recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.the findings do suggest, however, why the sensationseekers who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “people who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations，” said paul atchley, another researcher not in the group. “this may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though theyre dangerous.”67. the research led by sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask _a. seek high productivity constantlyb. prefer handling different things when getting boredc. are more focused when doing many things at a timed. have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time68when sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they _a. assessed the multitasking ability of the studentsb. evaluated the academic achievements of the studentsc. analyzed the effects of the participants tricky mental tasksd. measured the changes of the students understanding ability69according to sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their _a. limited power in calculationb. interests in doing things differently c. inability to concentrate on one task d. impulsive desire to try new things70from the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually _a. drive very skillfullyb. go in for difficult tasksc. fail to react quickly to potential dangersd. refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior【要点综述】 这是一篇科普议论文，主要论证同时处理多重任务这一心理现象。犹太大学研究者发现，同时处理多重任务并不是出于提高生产率的目的，而是当事人容易分心而不能专心于所做的事情上。尽管来自加州大学的研究者提出了不同的看法，但确实证明同时处理多重任务者对于危险境地确实不太敏感。67d 细节理解题。根据第一段“those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things”可知选d。68a 细节理解题。根据第二段“they then evaluated the participants multitasking ability with a tricky mental task”可知评估的是参与者的同时处理多重任务的能力。69c 细节理解题。根据第四段“but because theyre distractible”可知，人们同时处理多重任务是因为他们容易分心，而不是高效。distractible“容易分心的，不专心的”，c项是对它的同义转换。70c 细节理解题。从最后一段“are generally less sensitive to risky situations”可知，同时处理多重任务者对于潜在危险不能及时做出反应。c82013大纲全国卷 ethe oldest and most common source(来源)of renewable energy known to man, biomass is one of the most important forms of energy production in the united states and elsewhere.since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywherefrom trees and grasses to agricultural and citylife wastesbiomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.according to the union of concerned scientists(ucs), biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), because the energy it contains comes from the sun.when plant matter is burned, it gives off the suns energy.in this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery(电池)for storing the suns energy.as long as biomass is produced continuouslywith only as much grown as is usedthe “battery” lasts forever.according to the energy information administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the united states for several years running through 2007, making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nations total electricity supply.in 2008although the numbers arent all in yetwind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year.some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.such practice may save homeowners money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.so, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.72why is biomass considered as “a sort of natural battery”？ait burns merely plant matter. bit keeps producing electricity.cit stores the energy from the sun. dit produces zero carbon dioxide.73we learn from the text that in 2008 _awind power could be the leader of renewable energy b. there was a rapid growth of electricity productioncbiomass might become the main energy source d0.50.9% of power supply came from biomass74why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass? ato prevent the waste of energy. bto increase production safety.cto reduce pollution. dto save money.75where does the text probably come from? aa research plan. ba science magazine. ca book review. da business report.【要点综述】 本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了biomass(生物量)的特征、优点以及它在美国能源中的地位。72c细节理解题。根据第二段中的“because the energy it contains comes from the sun.when plant matter is burned, it gives off the suns energy.in this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery for storing the suns energy.”可知c正确。73a推理判断题。根据第三段中的“in 2008although the numbers arent all in yetwind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.”可知，2008年风能占居首位。关键词定位：a项中的the leader of 和文中first place意思相同。74c推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.such practice may save homeowners money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.so, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.”可知c正确。75b推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文是一篇有关生物量能源的科普类文章。所以，它应该是科学杂志上的文章。故选b。c8 2013湖北卷 dthe technology is great.without it we wouldnt have been able to put a man on the moon, explore the oceans depths or eat microwave sausages.computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge.but sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients whove come into their surgery waving an internet printout, convinced that they have some rare incurable disease, say, throat cancer.the truth is usually far more ordinary, though: they dont have throat cancer, and its just that their throats are swollen.being a graduate of the internet “school” of medicine does not guarantee accurate selfhealthchecks.one day mrs.almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work.while i took her blood sample and tried to find out what was wrong, she said calmly, “i know whats wrong; ive got throat cancer.i know theres nothing you doctors can do about it and ive just got to wait until the day comes.”as a matter of routine i ordered a chest xray.i looked at it and the blood results an hour later.something wasnt right.“did your local doctor do an xray？” i asked.“oh, i havent been to the doctor for years，” she replied.“i read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted, so i knew thats what i had.”however, some of her symptoms, like the severe cough and weight loss, didnt fit with itbut shed just ignored this.i looked at the xray again, and more tests confirmed it wasnt the cancer but tuberculosis (肺结核)something that most certainly did need treating, and could be deadly.she was lucky we caught it when we did.mrs almond went pale when i explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered.it was certainly a lesson for her.“im_so_embarrassed，” she said, shaking her head, as i explained that all the people she had come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested.she listed up to about 20, and then i went to my office t