学前教育管理体制在我国面临的问题和挑战分析.docx

学前教育是我国教育体系的重要组成部分，并且随着社会的发展，人们对学前教育的关注度不断增加，并且对我国的学前教育事业提出了更高的要求。但是当前我国的学前教育管理体制还存在着许多问题，无法有效地指导学前教育事业的发展，并且随着经济社会的发展、教育管理体制的变化，学前教育管理体制面临着巨大的挑战。一、目前我国学前教育管理体制面临的主要问题（一）政府主导作用不明确随着我国经济体制由过去的计划经济转向市场经济，学前教育事业的发展也发生了重大变化。过去政府计划办学的理念已经不能满足当前经济社会发展的需要，学前教育事业发展呈现出明显的市场化和社会化。我国学前教育管理体制市场化制度不健全，学前教育事业发展出现了严重的下滑，需要政府积极发挥主导作用，指导市场经济形势下的学前教育管理体制建立。在2010年国务院颁布的关于当前发展学前教育的若干意见中，明确了“政府主导”的学前教育发展思路。但是在实际过程中，在如何定位学前教育发展中的政府职责、政府如何在学前教育发展中发挥作用等方面没有取得有效的成果，学前教育管理体制中政府职责定位不清晰。（二）政府整体和政府各级部门之间职责定位不明确首先，在我国当前实行的“地方负责，分级管理”学前教育管理体制中，不论是中央政府，还是地方政府，都存在职责定位不明确的问题。中央政府没有提供相关政策职责缺位、缺乏学前教育均衡发展职责，导致各地学前教育发展存在严重的不平衡。而地方政府则存在着权责错位严重，尤其是在学前教育的财政制度方面，存在严重的职责主体重心过低的问题。其次，在政府的各级部门之间，存在着严重的权责划分不合理问题，教育部门、财政部门、民政部门、妇联组织等等多个部门都承担着部分学前教育发展职责，但是由于权责划分不明确、不合理，导致了多头领导、缺位越位等问题的出现。（三）学前教育管理机构设置不合理在现有的学前教育管理体制下，学前教育管理机构设置标准不明确，在机构人员数量、机构性质、机构归属、机构的资质以及机构的职责等方面都是一些模糊的表述，操作性差，导致了各地学前教育机构设置随意性大，并且由于地区经济发展不平衡，在机构人员设置和编制等方面存在较大的不同。不合理的学前教育管理机构无法有效地指导学前教育规划、组织、评估和监督等工作。二、学前教育管理体制在我国面临的挑战分析（一）政府职能转变对政府在学前教育管理体制中的作用提出挑战当前我国政府的职能正在逐步向“服务型政府”转变，公共服务体系建设则成为“服务型政府”建设和发展的基本目标。学前教育事业作为公共服务体系建设的重要内容，在政府职能转变的形势下，政府在学前教育管理体制中的主导作用正在面临巨大挑战。尤其是当前学前教育资源有限与需要接受学前教育人数不断增长之间的矛盾越来越突出，政府更应该积极发挥主导作用，不断提高学前教育公共服务体系建设。（二）财政体制改革对学前教育管理体制责任主体提出的挑战我国当前实行的分税制财政管理制度对学前教育管理体制责任主体确定提出了挑战，在目前学前教育事业财政投入比例中，地方财政所占的比例比较大，中央财政所占的比例很小，由于地方财政发展不平衡，这种投入财政配比在一定程度上制约了学前教育事业的健康发展。因此，根据事权与财权相匹配的原则，中央政府应当作为学前教育管理体制的责任主体，加大学前教育事业发展的财政投入，并且要将责任重心朝着欠发达地区、广大农村和基层偏移，有效统筹学前教育的健康发展。（三）多样化完善学前教育资源对政府部门权责划分提出的挑战由于我国人口基数大的基本国情，在学前教育发展方面，一直存在着学前儿童人口多而学前教育资源缺乏的矛盾，并且这个矛盾随着学前教育的市场化和社会化在进一步增加。为了更好地发展学前教育事业，国家出台了相关政策，要求多种形式扩大学前教育资源，加快学前教育的发展。这就向政府相关部门的权责划分提出了挑战。因此，政府应当统筹协调学前教育发展的各个部门，如教育、规划、建设、财政、人社等部门，明确各个部门的职责，避免出现多头管理、缺位越位的现象。三、结语完善的学前教育管理体制是学前教育事业发展的重要基础，当前我国的学前教育管理体制存在着一些问题，并且在新形势下随着政府职能、财政制度和学前教育的发展而面临着更巨大的挑战，我们要对这些问题和挑战有着清晰的认识，争取建立健全学前教育管理体制，为学前教育发展奠定良好的基础。Pre-school education is an important part of the education system in China, and with the development of the society, the increasing peoples attention to preschool education, and to preschool education in China higher requirements are put forward. But the current our country pre-school education management system still exist many problems, unable to effectively guide the development of preschool education, and with the development of economic society, the change of management system of education, pre-school education management system is faced with great challenge.One, at present our country preschool education of the main problems in the management system(a) the government leading role is not clearAlong with our country economic system by the past planned economy toward a market economy, great changes have taken place in the development of pre-school education also. In the past the government plans to the idea of running a school have already cant meet the needs of the current economic and social development, preschool education career development presents obvious marketization and socialization. Pre-school education management system in our country market system is not sound, preschool education career development a sharp decline, the government will need to actively play a leading role, guidance of pre-school education under the market economy management system set up. In 2010 the state council issued several opinions on the current development of pre-school education, has been clear about the government-led preschool education development. But in actual process, how to position in the development of pre-school education the government responsibility, government how to play a role in preschool education development there has been no effective results, such as unclear orientation of the governments responsibility in pre-school education management system.(2) the government as a whole and responsibilities between the government departments at all levels positioning is not clearFirst of all, the current practice in our country where is responsible, hierarchical management pre-school education management system, whether the central government or local government, there is responsibility positioning is not clear. The central government does not provide relevant policy responsibility vacancy, lack of preschool education balanced development of responsibility, can lead to the development of pre-school education around the exists serious imbalance. While local governments exist dislocation accrual is serious, especially in the area of preschool education financial system, there are serious responsibility main body low center of gravity of the problem. Second, the government departments at all levels, there are serious unreasonable power and responsibility division problem, education department, financial department, civil affairs departments, womens federation organization and so on multiple departments are part of the preschool education development of responsibility, but due to the power and responsibility divided not clear, unreasonable, led to the bull leadership, the emergence of the problem such as the absence of offside.(3) the pre-school education management organization setup is not reasonableUnder the current pre-school education management system, pre-school education management organization set standard is not clear, the personnel quantity, nature, the qualification of attribution, institutions and agencies responsibilities are some vague expression, operability is poor, led to the preschool education institutions from set up the optional the gender is big, and by the unbalance of regional economic development, in such aspects as personnel establishment and staffing is different. Unreasonable pre-school education management institution can not effectively guide the pre-school education planning, organization, assessment and supervision, etc.Second, pre-school education management system in our country is faced with the challenge of analysis(a) the transition of government function, challenge the role of the government in pre-school education management systemCurrent our country government function is gradually to the service-oriented government, the public service system has become service-oriented government the basic purpose of construction and development. Pre-school education career as an important content of the public service system construction, under the situation of the transition of government function, the governments leading role in the pre-school education management system is facing enormous challenges. Especially in the current preschool education resources are limited and need to accept the contradiction between the growing number of preschool education is more and more prominent, the government should actively play a leading role, constantly improve the pre-school education public service system construction.(2) the fiscal system reform of preschool education management system put forward the main responsibility of the challengeTax-distribution financial management system of the present determine the main responsibility for the pre-school education management system put forward the challenge, in proportion to the current financial input in preschool education career, the share of local finances is larger, the share of central government finances is very small, because the local finance development imbalance, this into financial ratio to a certain extent, restrict the healthy development of the preschool education. Therefore, based on the principle of the governance match the purse strings, the central government shall be used as preschool education management system, the main responsibility of the increasing financial input in the development of pre-school education career, and to the responsibility center of gravity in the less developed areas, the rural and grassroots migration, the healthy development of effective pre-school education as a whole.(3) diversification improve preschool education resources put forward challenges to the government power and responsibility divisionDue to the basic national conditions of Chinas big population base, in preschool education development, there has been much population of preschool children and preschool education resources lack of contradictions, and the contradiction with the marketization and socialization in the further increase of pre-school education. In order to better development of preschool education programs and national policies, introduced requires a variety of forms to expand pre-school education resources, speed up the development of preschool education. This poses a challenge to the r