（临门一脚）高考英语热点专题复习 第四部分 写作专题十二 短文改错 (2).doc

专题十二：短文改错一、考点精要【授之以渔】注意答题说明及答题规范文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加 （1-2个）在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。 删除 （1-2个）把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改 （6-8个）在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。纵观近年高考英语短文改错题，学生和老师都认为难度不大，然而，每年高考中还是有不少考生对此题深感头痛，主要原因是：1.考生的英语基础知识不扎实。2.考生缺乏对短文改错命题特点的了解和做题规律方法的总结。其实，我们可以将错误类别归结为以下几种：考点1. 词法错误【巧点妙拨】词法错误主要是指词的使用错误。词法错误是短文改错错误率最高的部分，需要特别注意。错误类别主要有下列几个方面：名词的单复数使用错误；冠词使用不当；形容词与副词形式的错误；形容词或副词级别的错误；形容词或副词的修饰词不当；形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词使用不正确等。1. 名词单复数使用错误名词单复数的错误也就是名词该用单数形式时错用了复数形式，该用复数形式时错用了单数形式。也有不可数名词用了复数形式的情况。典题对应典题1. since then-for all these year-we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.(2014年全国卷i)答案：year改为years。解析：year为可数名词，被all修饰，所以需用复数形式。典题2. no one in the carriage had previously spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. (2014年浙江卷)答案：strangers改为stranger。解析：根据前后两句的语意可知此处的stranger应该指代the tichet-owner，故应该使用单数形式。典题3.tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning.（2010年四川卷）答案：troubles改为trouble。解析：在此句中trouble意为“麻烦”，为不可数名词。故没有复数形式。2冠词使用不当冠词通常从以下几个方面出题：不定冠词a与an互改；不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；根据需要增加或删除冠词。定冠词the的多余和缺失，如季节、月份、星期、球类及三餐活动等无需加任何冠词，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏掉了the。典题对应典题1. besides, cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.(2014年辽宁卷)答案：第一个a改为an。解析：average以元音音素开始，故用an。典题2. then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from its owner. the person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success. (2014年浙江卷)答案：a ticket中的a改为the。解析：此处用the表示特指上文中提到的“那张票”。典题3.as result, the plants are growing everywhere. (2014年全国卷i)答案：as后加a。解析：as a result为固定短语。3形容词与副词形式的错误形容词与副词形式的错用指的是该用形容词形式却用了副词形式，或者该用副词形式却用了形容词形式。典题1. no one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. (2014年浙江卷)答案：previous改为previously。解析：此处作状语修饰全句需用副词形式。典题2. we are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! (2014年全国卷i)答案：wonderfully改为wonderful。解析：tomatoes为名词，需用形容词作定语，而不可以用副词形式。4. 形容词或副词级别的错误形容词或副词级别的错误指的是该用比较级或最高级却用了原级，而该用原级形式的却用了比较级或最高级。此外，还有比较级的修饰词使用不当。常见的比较级修饰语有：a bit, a lot, a great deal, even, still, yet, a little, slightly, somewhat, any, much, many, far, greatly, rather。常见的最高级修饰语有：almost, by far, by no means, much, nearly, quite, really等。典题1. to make matters bad,now i have to share a room with my younger sister,maggie.(2013年浙江卷)答案：bad改为worse。解析：to make matters worse为固定短语。典题2.i knew that they would be worried about me because i was so farther away,and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. (2012年浙江卷)答案：farther改为far。解析：此处语境中只是陈述了自己离得远这一事实，没有比较意味，所以无需用比较级。5.-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词的错用-ed结尾的形容词指的是主语自身的感受，而-ing结尾的形容词表达的是“令的”之意。典题1.i am awfully tiring,but i know ill never fall asleep.(2013年浙江卷)答案：tiring改为tired。解析：此处是指“我很累”，而不是“我令人很累”，故用tired。 典题2.therefore,i told them interested stories and how i was enjoying brazil.(2012年浙江卷)答案：interested改为interesting。解析：我给他们讲有趣的故事，说的是故事令人感兴趣，所以用interesting。6.有无-ly结尾的副词错用一种情况是该词本身是副词，不必加-ly；另一种情况是两个词都是副词，一个以-ly结尾，一个是本身的形式。一般情况下，以-ly结尾的副词表示抽象意义，而不以-ly结尾的副词则表示具体的动作程度。这类错误近几年考查的较少，但也应该重视。典题1.i found the test difficult,but i tried hardly to do it.(2013年四川卷)答案：hardly改为hard。解析：hardly意为“几乎不”，而hard本身就是副词，根据句意可知将hardly改为hard。典题2.hearing his story about his expression in america,we were deep moved.答案：deep改为deeply。解析：此处指“我们被深深地感动了”，所以应该用deeply，deep用作副词表示具体的深度。 考点2. 句法错误【巧点妙拨】常见的句法错误有动词的时态和语态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，情态动词，名词性从句的连词，定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。这些错误通常与句子成分的分析紧密相连，所以难度较大。1. 动词的时态和语态错误动词的时态和语态是近几年高考短文改错中常涉及的考点，主要是一般现在时态和一般过去时态的更改。而语态主要是主动语态和被动语态相错用以及不及物动词用了被动语态。典题1. my dream school starts at 8:30 a. m and ends at 3:30 p. m. there are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. we didnt need to do so much homework. (2014年全国卷ii)答案：didnt改为dont。解析：根据前面两句的时态可知此句用一般现在时态。典题2.they were looked like rain!(2014年陕西卷)答案：去掉were或者looked。解析：be和look在此处为系动词，不应该用被动语态。2.主谓一致错误主谓一致错误是指谓语动词的形式跟主语不一致。其错误表现为：主语是复数形式，而谓语动词却用了单数，或者主语是单数形式，谓语动词却用了复数。典题1.suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky . (2014年陕西卷)答案：was改为were。解析：此句主语是the arrows，是复数形式，所以谓语动词用were。典题2.my dream school look like a big garden. (2014年全国卷ii)答案：look改为looks。解析：此句主语是my dream school，是单数形式，所以谓语动词用looks。3.非谓语动词使用错误非谓语动词的错误主要体现在：应该用过去分词的用了现在分词，应该用现在分词的用了过去分词；应该用非谓语动词的用了谓语动词,应该用谓语动词的用了非谓语动词；动词不定式的to不可以省的而省略，不该用不定式to的而用了。典题1.felt hungry,we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish. (2013年陕西卷)答案：felt改为feeling。解析：feel这个动作是we发出的，与we之间是主动关系，因此用feeling。典题2.one evening at sunset,we sat by the fire,have our barbecue. (2014年陕西卷)答案：have改为having。解析：此句中已经有谓语动词sat，故此处用having，表示伴随动作。典题3.he wanted teach me about animals,insects and trees.(2014年陕西卷)答案：wanted后加to。解析：want to do sth.为固定搭配，to不能省略。4.从句连接词错误从句连接词错误主要指名词性从句中的连接词选择错误；定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的选择错误；状语从句中连词的选择错误；主从复合句之间缺少或多余连接词。典题1.but before long they began to see which was happening. (2012年全国卷)答案：which改为what。解析：在名词性从句中如果没有选择范围需用what，而不用which。典题2.having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (2013年全国卷ii)答案：that改为which。解析：which引导的是非限制性定语从句，并且在句子中充当主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。典题3. although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. (2014年全国卷i)答案：but改为yet或者去掉but。解析：分析句子成分可知，此句中已经有连词although，因此but多余，故去掉but或者改为副词yet。考点3. 行文逻辑错误【巧点妙拨】行文逻辑错误主要指代词、副词的指代错误，连词的逻辑意义错误。这类错误必须通过阅读全文来综合考虑。1代词和副词指代错误代词的指代错误主要是代词的指代对象、代词的性别、代词的单复数以及代词的格与文章的逻辑意义不一致，反身代词的使用错误。代词的检查应该注重上下文的呼应和前后句的逻辑关系，注意代词前后同位的名词、代词等，从而确定恰当的代词，尤其注意反身代词、指示代词的用法。副词的指代错误不太常见，但是也会出现here与there，up与down，in与out的错用。典题1. we appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.(2014年辽宁卷)答案：our改为your。解析：根据前后文句意可知，此句句意为“我们理解你的歉意和好意”，故将our改为your。典题2. my uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird. neither of the arrows hit the target. (2014年陕西卷)答案：neither改为none。解析：neither指代两者都不，而none指代三者或三者以上都不。典题3. i was happy when the toys worked, but when things went wrong, i got angry and broke it.（2012年全国卷）答案：it改为them。解析：由前文可知此处代指toys，故用them，而不用it。典题4. in the car park here ginna nearly got knocked over as a car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.（2012年辽宁卷）答案：here改为there。解析：根据in the car park可知，应该是there，而不是here。典题5.i knew that they would be worried about myself because i was so far away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. （2012年浙江卷）答案：myself改为me。解析：在宾语从句中主语是they，故不应该用myself，而应该用me。典题6. for a while parents bought me new toys. （2012年全国卷）答案：在parents前加my。解析：根据句意可知，此处特指作者的父母，其前应加my。而可数名词的复数形式用于泛指。典题7.how are you those days？（2012年重庆卷）答案：those改为these。解析：those表示远指，these用于近指。根据句意以及are可知，是指最近的日子，故用these。2副词以及连词逻辑意义错误副词以及连词逻辑意义错误是指根据上下文或者整篇文章来判断，该词的逻辑意义不符合该处的语境，如表示对比关系的用了选择关系，表示结果关系的用了因果关系，表示转折关系的用了并列关系。典题1. a passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset. (2014年浙江卷)答案：but改为and。解析：由前后句意可知，此处为并列关系，而不是转折关系，故将but改为and。典题2. in the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. （2012年辽宁卷）答案：unless改为until/till。解析：此处语境说的是等到了路上交通不再拥挤，表示时间，故将unless改为until/till。考点4. 常用搭配错误常用的搭配错误多为介词与动词和名词或者是动词与副词的搭配错误。大多数情况为固定短语。典题1. nearly five years ago,and with the help by our father, my sister and i planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden, (2014年全国卷i)答案：by改为of。解析：with the help of固定短语。典题2. we can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. (2014年全国卷ii)答案：listening后加to。解析：listen为不及物动词，后加宾语时需加介词to。典题3. although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. （2014年辽宁卷）答案：bothers后的to去掉。解析：bother为及物动词，后直接加宾语，因此去掉to。二、解题技巧【名师坐堂】高考短文改错应试策略及答题原则三步：1.通读全文，把握大意：树立整体意识，快速阅读全文，注意语境和有关提示。2.细读全文，逐句斟酌：以句子为单位，分析文章中前后句和上下文的逻辑关系，逐句寻查错误。3.再读全文, 复核审查：复读全文，检查修正后的文章是否语意连贯、流畅，结构完整。四不改1.标点符号不改。2.大小写不改。3.词序错误不改。4.单词拼写不改。七查：1.查时态是否一致。2.查主谓是否一致。3.查代词是否一致。4.查句子中的谓语是否完整。5.查是否该用被动语态。6.查主从句的连接词是否正确。7.查行文逻辑是否一致。三、命题趋向高考短文改错命题特征及命题趋势：高考短文改错涉及词汇、语法、句型结构等方面的知识和逻 辑推断和综合辨析, 是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。题材以记叙文为主,题材和语言符合中学生实际;句子结构由简单句为主逐渐过渡到以复合句和并列句为主。学生在平时写作中常出现的错误是短文改错考查的重点。四、直击高考短文改错专练一i like music very much, pop songs particularly. every evening then i am doing homework and at weekends when i at home, i always play some of my favorite songs on my tape recorder. the familiar patterns of notes attracts me into the colourfully world of music. now and then i stopped to follow the songs. sometimes, my mother comes in, asking me to fix my attention to my homework. she does not like the pop music. like most grown-ups, she enjoys folk songs, because the peaceful music reminds her of their beautiful life when she was young. it is a truth which people of different age understand music differently and enjoy different kinds of music.短文改错专练二on january 5th, students in our school visited robot world, which we saw a great diversity of robot. it was amazed to find those robots could do a great number of things just like real people, included playing chess, playing the piano and drawing pictures. whats more, the robots were in different kinds and shapes, which made us enjoyable. in addition, that excited me most is the show given by a group of robots. they danced just as if they were dancers on the stage. by visiting robot world, i have learned a lot of about robots, especial about their functions and shapes. the great human wisdom is so powerful that it make us feel more comfortable live in the world.短文改错专练三last sunday afternoon, i went to the zoo with lily. there was lots of people there. i found a girl cry in the zoo. she was lost and she cant find her mother. we decided to help her. i try my best find the broadcasting station in the zoo. on the same time lily played with her and looked after her careful there. the little girl stopped crying and played with lily. at last his mother came. that made me feel very happily. i thought i really did a good thing. if everyone helps with each other, the world will become more beautiful.短文改错专练四last sunday i saw a worst storm in yearsit came sudden and went on for over three hoursafter lunch, i went into my room to have a restthe air was hot, but all was quietthen a strong wind started to blow into my roompieces of paper on my desk flew high into the air and some flew out the open windowas i ran out to catch it, big drop of rain began to fallwhen i come back into the house, it was raining more harder and harderthen i heard a loud crashing sound from the back of the housewhen i ran out to find out that had happened, a big tree had fallen down and broke the top of the backroom短文改错专练五i couldnt believe my ears when i heard my name calling. i was chosen to play the leading role in the play. that was my dream. as a shy and thin grill, i used to be quite afraid of speaking in the public. but my parents and teachers always encourage me to do so. now i have changed great. in class, i am often the first one to stand up and answer questions even if i may take some mistakes. no pains, no gains. now i am always brave enough overcome the difficulty in my heart and have changed in a lively girl. so my experience shows that we should not be afraid of losing face but only in this way can we make progresses.短文改错专练六this morning i got up early and went to school as usually, only to find there were nobody in the classroom because it is sunday. “how a bad memory i have!” i couldnt help laughing. stand in front of the school gate, i began to wonder what to do next. suddenly a good idea occurs to me. “why not get together with some good friends for a picnic in such a fine weather?” i immediately telephoned some of my best friends, but they all agreed to join me. about two hours late, we finally arrived a pleasant park with trees and flowers here and there. we really enjoyed us greatly.短文改错专练七in recent years many flowers shops have been appeared in our small town. it is common for people to buy flowers when they go to a gathering, visiting a sick friend, or attend a wedding or birthday party. i still remember clear one day last year when tom, a disabled student, presented some flowers to his mother to express his gratitude for her. he owing his entire life to his mothers kind and care. with her he would not have had the confidence or the courage to fight his disability. as a result the great effort he has made, he was finally admitted to a key university.短文改错专练八i didnt realize the importance of working in groups since i was chosen monitor of my class in high school. at first, i did most of duties myself while other students cared few about class activities. as a result, i was tired out and depressing. then i turned to my teacher and he gave me some advice of how to cooperate well with other. thus i begin to realize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone to do his part in class.from my experience, i strong feel that it is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me from trouble and make me work more efficiently. therefore, we need the teamwork spirit in our lives. 短文改错专练九its pleasure for me to have a chance to make a short speech today. i have found that some of my classmates study deeply into the night. whats more, they did not spare any time to exercise during the day. but they are less energetic than the others in class and cant always stay focusing on their lessons. worse than that, some of them seldom have breakfast, with which is also a bad habit and will certainly do harm for their health.obvious, its important for us to have enough sleep and a proper diet. we must learn to make wise use of our time, and only in this way can we keep fit and study well. i hope my advices can help you.thaks for listening.短文改错专练十in the summer holiday, we travelled to qingdao and paid visit to my uncle there. its a long and bored journey. but the moment i arrived, i fall in love with the city. its such beautiful a city that i can hardly find any word to describe it. the streets are cleaning and the sky is blue. if you walk along the coast, you can feel the wind to blowing on your face. the sea is vast and sometimes you can find a boat or a ship. you may also do some fishing as far as it is permitted. moreover, i think the driver there drive too fast in the street. you can never be too carefully when crossing the street.短文改错专练十一 the winter holiday is coming, which made me excited. i have been looking forward at relaxing myself. id like to go skating, climb mountains and see several movie. i think i can play the basketball with my classmates. how a wonderful time ill have during the winter holiday! however, my parents think different. they dont want me go out. they are afraid ill be knocked down by a truck, fall off a tree, or fight with others. beside, they are afraid i will lose my way. i hate being treated like a bird keeping in a cage. to get more freedom, i will try to persuade him.短文改错专练十二it was 7:15 in the morning of february 8, 2007.i was walking alongpark roadtowards the east whilean old man came out of the park on the other sides of thestreet. then i saw a yellow car drive upthird streetand madea right turn intopark road. the next moment the car hitthe man while she was crossing the road. he fell with a cry.the car didnt stop and drive off at full speed headingwest.inoticedthedriverwasyoungwoman wore a pair ofglassesand theplatenumberwas ac864. after two minutes later, i stoppeda passed car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.短文改错专练十三snow came a bit later this year than usually. after school, we took a bus to go back home in noon. on the way, we were attracted by the amazing scenery trees, houses, and even cars were covered with purely white snow. how desperately we want to play in the snow! however, when we got off the bus, we immediately ran to a square nearby to enjoy the very spirits what the snow brought us. despite the cold weather, we had a great fun playing with the snow. many passer-by watched us laughing and playing, with smiles on his faces. occupying with our study every day, we would like to regard it a refreshing experience for us all.短文改错专练十四patience is of great importance in our daily life. once i waited a bus to come at a stop. 30 minutes past, but no bus came. both upset and annoyed, i decided to walk on feet. but no sooner had i left when the bus arrived. i thought if i had waited for one more minute, i would have caught it. if i chose to take a next bus, i would have to wait for other 30 minutes. only then do i realize my problem. being impatient will possible waste all the effort that we have put it in. now whenever i am close to lose my patience, ill think of this experience.短文改错专练十五 man is creative and powerful, during the long history of human beings, the world has been complete changed by man with new invention and huge projects. however, comparing with man, nature is certainly more powerfully. disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, volcanoes happen so frequently, which make us believe everything that man creates it can be destroyed by nature and many of them can never be recovered. whats worse, mans damage nature will cause fewer terrible natural disasters. no matter which is more powerful, man or nature must treat each others as friends and live in peace.专题十二专练一 1. then 改为when 2. when i后加am 3. attacts改为attract 4. colourfully改为colourful 5. stopped改为stop 6. to my homework改为on my homework 7. the pop music去掉the 8. their改为her 9. which改为that 10. age改为ages 专练二1. which