（五年高考）高考英语 专题十四 阅读七选五（全国通用）.doc

专题十四 阅读七选五20152011年各省市高考题passage 1(2015新课标全国)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。building trust in a relationship againtrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 1 trust is a risk.but you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.unfortunately，weve all been victims of betrayal.whether weve been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. 2 its understandable，but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there. 3 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing. 4 if youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.but theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”.at some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.you didnt lose “everything”.once trust is lost，what is left？instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 5 instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.a.learn to really trust yourself.b.it is putting confidence in someone.c.stop regarding yourself as the victim.d.remember that you can expect the best in return.e.theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.f.this knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.g.seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。信任是来源于人们以往经历的一种非天生行为。但有时它也会带来风险。当我们失去对别人的信任时，该如何重新获得呢？本文向前读者介绍了几点实用的做法。1.解析本题考查综合分析能力。前句讲的是信任是人们从过去的经历中学来的一种行为。本空在此基础上做进一步的说明，即信任就是依赖某人。故答案选b。答案b2.解析本题考查联系上下文的能力。本段的主要内容是，人们由于遭受欺骗或受到误导等而倍感受伤，不能忍受此类事情再次发生，从而就不再相信任何人。e项中的they与前句中的people相对应，且与下句“its understandable.”衔接自然，文意相通。故答案为e。答案e3.解析本题考查联系上下文的能力。后面一句是对空格的解释和说明。其中“having confidence in yourself”与a项中的trust yourself意义相近。因此答案选a。答案a4.解析本题考查综合分析能力。通读本段可知其大意是：一旦遭到背叛，你就成为客观环境的受害者，但作为一名受害者和以受害者的身份去生活是不同的。所选答案应当包含关键词victim。由此可知答案为c。答案c5.解析本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。本段的内容围绕主题句“you didnt lose everything.”展开。一旦失去了信任，就要将目光放在仍然拥有的一切上面，对生活中美好的人或事心存感激。通过这一次的经历，给谅解和自身的成长提供足够的空间才是正确的做法。因此答案为g。另外，空格之后的instead一词对解答本题有明显的提示作用。答案gpassage 2(2015新课标全国)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. 1 ，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.no one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.when you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit. 2 .as always，you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.during the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day. 3 ，it is wise to take a day off to rest.but during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 4 .after two weeks，start timing yourself. 5 .depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.a.after six daysb.for a good marathon runnerc.before you begin your trainingd.with each day，increase the distance by a half milee.if they still feel good，you can begin running in themf.time spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingg.now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time【语篇导读】这篇短文向读者介绍了马拉松训练之前要做的准备工作，包括跑鞋的挑选和注意事项，也给出了每日训练里程的建议。1.解析本题考查综合分析能力。马拉松训练需要精心准备，且要按照循序渐进的原则增加跑步里程。而空格之后的购买鞋子的事宜也是准备工作的一部分，需要提前做好。故答案选c。答案c2.解析本题考查联系上下文的能力。由上句可知，找到合适的鞋子之后穿上几天，以确认一下是否合适。e项承接这一内容，若仍然感觉舒适，跑步时就可以穿上。答案e3.解析本题考查联系上下文的能力。由“to take a day off to rest”可知，在第一周时，要留出一天的休息时间。因此a项与语境相吻合。答案a4.解析本题考查综合分析能力。前文谈论的是跑步里程的问题，选项d与此相对应。关键词a half有助于锁定d项为正确答案。答案d5.解析本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。本段开始论述的是前两周的跑步里程，空格前面一句说的是时间问题，而选项g中的distance和time恰好与这两个话题相关联。因此答案为g。答案gpassage 3(2015北京)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。this way to dreamlanddaydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them. they can seem forgetful and clumsy. 1 they annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.but daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 2 can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?so how can we come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?first, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 3 and if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task，preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “mindfulness”， being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 4 finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 5 always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.a.having interesting things to think about also helps.b.they stare off into space and wander by themselves.c.without wandering minds, we wouldnt have relativity, coke or postit notes.d.at one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.e.it involves slow, steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive.f.daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.g.therefore, its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone.【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了“白日梦”现象事实上有助于创造性思维的开发。1.解析第一段具体列举“白日梦”在大众印象中的有哪些弊端。选项在文章前后句中起到段内逻辑连接的作用。故选b。答案b2.解析本段话主要说明白日梦其实有很多好处，选项前后是顺承关系，故选c。答案c3.解析选项a中的“also helps”与空前一句中的“help”对应，且两句话主语形式统一，都说的是进入空想的条件，故答案为a项。答案a4.解析本段主要谈如何避免空想。选项e中的it指代上句中的mindfulness，此时是对上句内容的解释，故答案为e项。答案e5.解析本选项中有逻辑词therefore可作为解题线索之一，空前主要讲了精彩的想法随时都会出现，所以带一个笔记本或录音机以便随时记录是一个好主意。故选g。答案gpassage 4(2015四川)根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。a：i need to lose some weight.my clothes dont fit anymore. 1 b：well, instead of watching tv all day, you could do more exercise.a： 2 b: like cycling, or you could work out at the gym.a: i dont have time. 3 b：ok, then you could change your diet. 4 a：you mean no more hamburgers! oh no!b: ok. 5 a.like what?b.im too busy.c.what should i do?d.some more hamburgers?e.buy some larger clothes then.f.thats a good idea.thanks a lot.g.eat something healthier, like fruit.【语篇导读】本文通过两个人的对话，告诉了我们减肥的方法，以及不减肥的后果。1.解析考查对下文的总结概括能力。根据下文的you could do more exercise.可知，上文是询问该怎么做，故选择c。答案c2.解析考查对下文的总结概括能力。根据下文的like cycling, or you could work out at the gym.可知，上文要求说话者举例说明， 故选择a。答案a3.解析考查对下文的总结概括能力。根据上文的i dont have time.可知，选择b，意为我很忙。答案b4.解析考查对下文的总结概括能力。根据上文的you could change your diet.可知，应吃些健康食品， 如水果。答案g5.解析考查对下文的总结概括能力。根据上文的you mean no more hamburgers! oh no！可知如果不这样做，就只有买大号的衣服了。答案epassage 5(2014北京)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。evaluating sources (来源) of health informationmaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation.a key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information.reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 1 go to the original source.media reports often simplify the results of medical research.find out for yourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science.think about the type of study. 2 watch for misleading language.some studies will find that a behavior“contributes to”or is“associated with”an outcome；this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 3 carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.use your common sense.if a report seems too good to be true，probably it is.be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 4 evaluate“scientific”statements carefully，and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术). 5 friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration，but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.a.make choices that are right for you.b.the goal of an ad is to sell you something.c.be sure to work through the critical questions.d.and examine the findings of the original research.e.distinguish between research reports and public health advice.f.be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.g.the following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.1.解析通过整体把握，可以发现文章是“总分总”的结构，第一段与最后一段是开头和总结，而中间的段落便是作者提出的建议。因此第一段末的句子应该起到统领下文各条建议的作用，故答案是g。答案g2.解析本段的关键词是the original source，作者建议要认真考虑研究的内容，并能检测判断这些内容是否科学，故此处答案是d，the original research同the original source相对应。答案d3.解析本段与misleading language“误导性的语言”相关，故答案是f，要知道作者也许会错误地传递信息，所以为了完全了解这些信息，要仔细阅读或者倾听。答案f4.解析空格前提到的advertisements和b选项中的an ad是对应的。答案b5.解析本段说朋友和家人可能也会提供很多的建议和想法，但是我们每个人都应该找到适合自己的，故与选项a表达的意思是相同的，即要做出适合自己的决定。答案apassage 6(2014新课标全国) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。the jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 1 by helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.1.curiosity your children need to be deeply curious. 2 ask kids，“what ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？”and then try them out.did those ingredients make the pancakes better？what could we try next time?2.creativity true creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 3 there are a dozen different things you can do with them.experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.3.interpersonal skills understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.we know whats going on inside our own head，but what about others？being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 4 “why do you think shes crying？”“can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“if someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”4.self expression 5 there are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic，acting，drawing，building，photography.you may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.a.encourage kids to cook with you.b.and we cant forget science education.c.we can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.d.so how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?e.gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.f.we can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.g.being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.【语篇导读】本文讲述了如何帮孩子发展他们的技能。1.解析根据“by helping them.what the future holds”可知这里叙述的是帮助孩子发展其技能，所以上句应该是应该怎样帮助他们为将来的工作做好准备。故选d。答案d2.解析根据“what ingredients can we add to.and try them out”可知这里叙述的是做煎饼时添加什么配料会更好，所以上句应该是鼓励孩子和你一起做饭。故选a。答案a3.解析根据“true creativity is the ability to.from it.”可知这里叙述的是根据现存事物创造新事物。所以后面应该是我们可以提供给孩子机会使他们尝试创新。故选c。答案c4.解析根据下文“why do you think.？”和“can you tell how.？”以及“if someone were.？”可知这里是问孩子怎样判断人的情感，所以上文应该是我们在真实生活中以及在听故事时要问这样的问题。故选f。答案f5.解析根据下文“there are many ways to express.”可知这里叙述的是有许多方法可以表达自己的想法和观点，所以上文应该是用一种有意义的方式交流观点和想法是非常珍贵的技能，故选g。答案gpassage 7(2014四川) 根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项多余选项。mary：mike，how do i look in these blue jeans?mike： 1 they really suit you，mary!mary：thanks，you know，these kinds of jeans are in style now.mike： 2 mary：i mean.they are very popular these days；everyone is wearing them!mike：you are great at keeping up with fashions.mary：well, 3 mike：perhaps you can help me pick out a pair of jeans now，since you are an expert.mary： 4 i would be happy to help you with your fashion change!mike： 5 a.wow，great!b.no problem!c.see you then.d.any suggestions?e.i am a girl after all.f.what do you mean?g.thank you so much!【语篇导读】这是一则谈论衣着的小对话。1.解析由上面的问句及后面的答语可知a为正确答案。答案a2.解析下面的“i mean.”明显暗示出答案。答案f3.解析女孩子喜欢赶时髦，e项与上一句衔接自然。答案e4.解析根据后面一句可知此处意为“没问题”。答案b5.解析别人爽快答应帮助自己，应向对方表示感谢才符合交际习惯。答案gpassage 8(2014辽宁) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life.every waking moment，the eyes are working to see the world around us.over forty percent of americans worry about losing eyesight，but its easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes.here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight： schedule yearly exams. 1 experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.the good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment，including eyeglasses. protect against uv rays (紫外线).longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes.no matter what the season is，its extremely important to wear sunglasses. 2 give your eyes a break.twothirds of americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. 3 experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule：every 20 minutes，take a 20second break and look at something 20 feet away. 4 as part of a healthy diet，eat more fruits and vegetables each day.vitamins (维生素) c and e help protect eyesight and promote eye health.practice safe wear and care of contact lenses (隐形眼镜).many americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight.while some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. 5 otherwise，you may have problems such as red eyes，pain in the eyes，or a more serious condition.a.eat your greens.b.eye care should begin early in life.c.they can properly protect your eyes.d.stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.e.parents usually dont care about their own eyesight.f.always follow the doctors advice for appropriate wear.g.this frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.1.解析从空的下一句experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check.可以看出视力应从娃娃抓起。答案b2.解析本段内容是说戴太阳镜防止紫外线伤害眼睛的问题。无论在什么季节，戴太阳镜十分重要，他们可以保护你的眼睛，和上句为承接关系，因此选c。答案c3.解析上句提到：三分之二的美国人每天使用电脑或其他电子产品的时间多达七个小时，下一句应自然是：这种频繁的用眼运动增加了视力疲劳的风险，g项为最佳答案。答案g4.解析本题应是本段的中心句。从下文提及的健康饮食，多吃水果、蔬菜可以推知a项正确。答案a5.解析本段讲的是正确配戴隐形眼镜的问题。要听从医生建议，恰当配戴，否则，也许会有红眼病，眼疼或者更加严重的眼部疾病，故f正确。答案fpassage 9(2013新课标全国) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.the word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)that is，they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 1 commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 2 business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning，direction，and control of the operations of a business. 3 one is the establishment(制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production；sales；the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies；and accounting. 4 the third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管) and guidance by the management in authority. 5 a.control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.b.in this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.c.examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.d.however，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.e.the second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.f.in the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.g.planning in business management has three main aspects.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，为读者介绍了什么是商业和商业管理。1.解析前文介绍了什么是营利性商业机构。空后的句子出现“commonly called nonprofits”，由此可知空处应填d，表示语意的转折，介绍非营利性商业机构。答案d2.解析上句提到了非营利性商业机构，则空处应是提供更多的信息，对上句进行进一步的阐释和扩展。故选c项。答案c3.解析前句解释了商业管理的概念，下文为商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面，因此本句填g，商业管理中的规划包括三个方面的内容。答案g4.解析前一句为第一个方面，后一句为第三个方面，显然本句应介绍第二个方面，故填e。答案e5.解析第二段的第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧，分别是planning，direction和control。接下来已经介绍了前两者，最后一点“control”还未提及，所以本空应涉及control的内容。故本空填a。答案apassage 10(2012新课标全国) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。kids health: four steps for fighting stresseverybody gets stressed from time to time. 1 some wa