英国文学史PART TWO---Chapter 3 The Flowering of English Literature.doc

Chapter 3 The Flowering of English LiteratureAdela Class B Lanzhou UniversityI. The Flourishing of LiteratureII. Sidney and RaleighA. Sir Philip Sidney(1554-1586)-a well-known poet and critic of poetry His main works: 1) Astrophel and Stella( love sonnets)爱星者和星星2) Apology for Poetry诗辩 ( according to Sidney, poetry has a superiority over philosophy and history)l n Platos “ Republic”:1, Idea理念；相 2, Experienced world 3, Art B. Walter Raleigh(1552?-1618) -another versatile man of action, thought and letters. His works:1) Discovery of Guiana ( literary history)2) History of the World3) His handful of lyricsIII. Edmund Spenser( 1552-1599)- the Poets Poet of the period 埃德蒙斯宾塞 （Edmund Spenser，15521599），英国文艺复兴时期伟大诗人，代表作有长篇史诗仙后、田园诗集牧人月历、组诗情诗小唱十四行诗集、婚前曲、祝婚曲等。斯宾塞早在1569年就翻译过法国诗人杜倍雷的诗歌，并通过法文转译了意大利诗人彼特拉克的诗歌。他最早的诗作牧人月历是仿照罗马诗人维吉尔等古代牧歌写成的。斯宾塞的主要作品是仙后。他的诗用词典丽、情感细腻、格律严谨、优美动听，对后世的英国诗人，包括弥尔顿、马洛、雪莱、济慈等都有很深远的影响，被后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。他在长诗仙后中他探索出了一种新的适用于长诗的格律形式，后被称作“斯宾塞诗节”。 His work:1) The Shepherds Calendar牧人月历 -a pastoral 田园的poem in twelve books卷, one for each month of the year. The Shepherds in the poem represent the poet himself and his frirnds2) Epithalamian祝婚曲-a beautiful sonnet sequence and marriage ode celebrating his successful love affair.3) Amoretti爱情小诗-consisting 88 sonnets 4) The Faerie Queene仙后 - l a long poem planned in 12 books, of which he finished only 6, which can be interpreted as an allegorical work寓言. ( it tells that the Queen holds a feast of 12 days, and on each day a stranger in distress appears, claiming help against a dragon or giant or tyrant. A knight is assigned to each guest and then comes their advenyures, during which each knight represents a virtue, as Holiness, Temperance节欲, Chastity贞洁纯洁, Friendship, Justice and Courtesy礼貌恩惠)l The work was dedicated to Queen Elizabethl The end of the work is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous and gentle disciplinel The dominating thoughts of the poem are nationalism（Queen), humanism(its opposition to Roman Catholicism), and puritanism( shown in its moral teaching道德说教） The Spenserian Stanza: A special verse form that consists of eight iambic pentameter 五步格诗lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet, with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.Spensers position in English Literature: (p43)略IV. John Lyly（1554？-1606） His work；1) Euphues-a representative of the romance written for the “ gentle reader, which was written in a peculiar style known as “ Euphuism”绮丽体 “ Euphuism”绮丽体：jufjz()m夸饰文体；华丽词藻；尤弗伊斯体-Euphuismis a peculiar mannered style of Englishprose， which consists in the use of balanced sentences and words alliterating, riming or identical. In other words, it consists of a preciously ornate华丽的 and sophisticated 精致做作的style, employing in deliberate excess a wide range of literary devices such asantitheses,alliterations, repetitions andrhetorical questions. 2） Thomas Deloney -written in simple , artless language and written for ordinary people and everyday life instead of the court.V. Francis Bacon-the founder of Engllish materialist philosophy and the intellectual energy of the Renaissance.( once Lord Chancellor大法官）His works: 1) Advancement of Learning学术的进展（ fragments)2) New Instrument新工具：l Inductive methods归纳法l Deductive methods演绎法3）Essays:(58 essays included) l They cover a wide variety of subjects, such