考试大纲(语言学).doc

XXXXX学院外国语学院语言学概论考试大纲一、考试基本要求 英语语言学概论是英语教育专业的一门基础理论课。语言学是主要研究语言的性质、语言的功能、语言的产生和发展、语言的习得以及语言和人类其它活动关系的学科。随着对语言研究的不断深入，人们更多地把注意力集中在语言学研究和语言教学研究的关系上。本课程开设的目的在于促进学生了解英语语言的性质、结构、特征和功能，以及它们与外语教学的关系，从而加强英语语言的学习和英语教学法的研究，提高英语语言水平和英语语言教学能力。二、考试形式考查和考试相结合，语言学概论考试采用闭卷笔试形式，试卷满分为100分，考试时间为120分钟。三、适用专业英语本科专业。四、考试内容和考试要求（按章或按模块分别叙述）考试大纲以教学大纲的要求为依据，对教材及大纲中各部分内容、知识点提出不同层次的要求，具体要求可分为两个层次，分别用A、B表示，其含义如下表：符号层次含义A识汇理解正确记忆并理解所学知识及所学知识的基本特征。B牢固掌握熟练应用能将所学知识在理解基础上，熟练应用，解决一些新的、有一定难度的问题。章 节知识点认知层次要求占比chapter1Introduction1.1whatislinguistics?1.1.1definitionA1%1.1.2thescopeoflinguisticsB2%1.1.3someimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsB3%1.2whatislanguage?1.2.1definitionsoflanguageA1%1.2.2designfeaturesoflanguageB3%1.2.3functionsoflanguageA1%chapter2Phonology2.1thephonicmediumoflanguageSpeech soundsA0%2.2phonetics2.2.1whatisphonetics?A1%2.2.2organsofspeechB2%2.2.3orthographicrepresentationofspeechsoundsbroadandnarrowtranscriptionsB2%2.2.4classificationofEnglishspeechsoundsA4%2.3phonology2.3.1phonologyandphoneticsA1%2.3.2phone,phoneme,andallophoneB1%2.3.3phonemiccontrast,complementarydistribution,andminimalpairB1%2.3.4somerulesinphonologyB2%2.3.5suprasegmentalfeaturesstress,tone,intonationA1%chapter3Morphology3.1introductionWhat is Morphology?A1%3.2openclassandclosedclassOpen class and closed classA1%3.3morphemestheminimalunitsofmeaningmorphemesB2%3.4analyzingwordstructuresWord structureB0%3.5 derivational And inflectionalmorphemesDerivational and inflectional morphemeB2%3.6morphologicalrulesofwordformationMorphological rulesA2%3.7derivationderivationB2%3.8compoundscompoundingB2%chapter4Syntax4.1whatissyntax?definitionA1%4.2categories4.2.1word-levelcategoriesA1%4.2.2phrasecategoriesandtheirstructuresB1%4.3phrasestructurerule4.3.1xp ruleB1%4.3.2coordinationruleB0%4.4phraseelements4.4.1specifiersA1%4.4.2complementsA1%4.4.3modifiersA0%4.5sentences(thesrule)Sentence structureB0%4.6transformations4.6.1auxiliarymovementB1%4.6.2doinsertionB1%4.6.3deepstructureandsurfacestructureB3%4.6.4whmovementB1%4.6.5moveaandconstraintsontransformationsA0%chapter5Semantics5.1whatissemantics?definitionA1%5.2someviewsconcerningthestudyofmeaning5.2.1thenamingtheoryA0%5.2.2theconceptualistviewA1%5.2.3contextualismA1%5.2.4behaviorismA1%5.3lexicalmeaning5.3.1sense andreferenceA1%5.3.2majorsenserelationsB3%5.4senserelationsbetweensentencesSentence relationB1%5.5analysisofmeaning5.5.1componentialanalysisawaytoanalyzelexicalmeaningB2%5.5.2predicationanalysis-awaytoanalyzesentencemeaning B2%chapter6Pragmatics6.1somebasicnotions6.1.1definitionA1%6.1.2pragmaticsvs.semanticsA1%6.1.3contextA1%6.1.4sentencemeaningvs.utterancemeaningB2%6.2speechacttheory6.2.1austinsmodelofspeechactsB1%6.2.2searlesclassificationofspeechactsB1%6.2.3indirectspeechactsB2%6.3principleofconversationprincipleofconversationA1%6.4cross-culturalpragmaticfailurecross-culturalpragmaticfailureB1%chapter7Languagechange7.1introductionBrief introductionA0%7.2phonologicalchangesphonologicalchangesA1%7.3morphologicalandsyntacticchange7.3.1additionofaffixesB0%7.3.2lossofaffixesB0%7.3.3changeofwordorderB1%7.3.4changeinnegationruleB0%7.4 lexical and semantic change7.4.1additionofnewwordsB0%7.4.2lossofwordsB0%7.4.3semanticchangesB1%7.5somerecenttrends7.5.1movingtowardsgreaterinformalityB1%7.5.2theinfluenceofAmericanEnglishB0%7.5.3theinfluenceofscienceandtechnologyB1%7.6thecausesoflanguagechangethecausesoflanguagechangeA1%chapter8Languageandsociety8.1thescopeofsociolinguistics8.1.1therelatednessbetweenlanguageandsocietyA1%8.1.2speechcommunityandspeechvarietyB1%8.1.3twoapproachestosociolinguisticstudiesA1%8.2varietiesoflanguage8.2.1dialectalvarietiesA1%8.2.2registerA1%8.2.3degreeofformalityA0%8.3standarddialectstandarddialectB1%8.4pidginandcreolepidginandcreoleA0%8.5bilingualismanddiglosiabilingualismanddiglosiaA0%chapter9Languageandculture9.1introductionBrief introductionA0%9.2whatisculture?whatisculture?A1%9.3therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturetherelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureB1%9.4Sapir-whorfhypothesisSsapir-whorfhypothesisA0%9.5linguisticevidenceofculturaldifferences9.5.1greetingsandtermsofaddressB0%9.5.2gratitudeandcomplimentsB0%9.5.3colourwordsB0%9.5.4privacyandtaboosB0%9.5.5roundingoffnumbersB0%9.5.6wordsandcultural-specificconnotationsB0%9.5.7cultural-relatedidioms,proverbsandmetaphorsB1%9.6culturecontact,culturaloverlapanddiffusionculturecontact,culturaloverlapanddiffusionA1%9.7thesignificanceofculturalteachingandlearningthesignificanceofculturalteachingandlearningA1%9.8interculturalcommunicationinterculturalcommunicationA1%chapter10LanguageAcquisition10.1introductionBrief introductionA0%10.2theoriesofchildlanguageacquisition10.2.1abehaviouristviewoflanguageacquisitionB1%10.2.2aninnatistviewoflanguageacquisitionB0%10.2.3aninteractionistviewoflanguageacquisitionB1%10.3cognitivedevelopmentinchildlanguagedevelopmentcognitivedevelopmentinchildlanguagedevelopmentA1%10.4languageenvironmentandthecriticalperiodhypo-thesislanguageenvironmentandthecriticalperiodhypo-thesisA0%10.5stagesinchildlanguagedevelopment10.5.1phonologicaldevelopmentA1%10.5.2vocabularydevelopmentA0%10.5.3grammaticaldevelopmentA0%10.5.4pragmaticdevelopmentA0%10.6atypicaldevelopmentatypicaldevelopmentA0%chapter11SecondLanguageAcquisition11.1introductionBrief introductionA0%11.2connectionsbetweenfirstlanguageacquisitionandsecondlanguageacquisitionconnectionsbetweenfirstlanguageacquisitionandsecondlanguageacquisitionA1%11.3contrastiveanalysiscontrastiveanalysisB1%11.4erroranalysiserroranalysisB1%11.5interlanguageinterlanguageB0%11.6theroleofthenativelanguageinsecondlanguagelearningtheroleofthenativelanguageinsecondlanguagelearningB0%11.7secondlanguagelearningmodelsandinputhypothesissecondlanguagelearningmodelsandinputhypothesisA1%11.8individualdif