2013年12月四级翻译以及翻译练习 (2).docx

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案：翻译(茶和咖啡)【翻译原文】你要茶还是咖啡?是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。【参考译文一】Would you like tea or coffee? Meals are frequently asked questions， many westerners will choose coffee， and the Chinese will choose tea， according to legend， a Chinese emperor discovered tea in five thousand years ago， and used to heal， in the Ming and qing dynasties ， tea houses all over the country， tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century and spread to Europe and the United States， but it was not until the 18th century today， tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world， tea is the treasure of China. Is also an important part of Chinese tradition and culture.【参考译文二】“Would you like tea or coffee?” This is a question which the dining people are frequently asked. Some westerners tend to choose coffee， while the Chinese usually choose tea. There is a legend that one Chinese emperor found tea 5，000 years ago and used it to cure illnesses. During the Ming and Q ing Dynasties， tea houses were widespread throughout China. Tea-drinking was spread to Japan in the 6th century but to Europe and America until the 18th century. Nowadays， tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world. Tea is the treasure of China， and it is also an important part of the Chinese tradition and culture.【参考译文三】As for the dinning people， ”Tea or Coffee?” is a question frequently asked. Coffee is usually the Westerns first choice， while tea is the preferment of Chinese. Tradition has it that tea is found by one Chinese Emperor， who lived in 5000 years ago. At that time， tea is used to heal sickness. During Ming-Qing dynasties， teahouses are across the country. Tea drinking spread into Japanese as early as in the 6th century， yet it did not spread into Europe and America until the 18th century. Nowadays， tea is one of the most popular beverages all over the world. Tea is the treasure of China and the important component of Chinese tradition and culture.【参考译文四】Tea or coffee?, diners are frequently asked this question. Western people may choose coffee, while Chinese may prefer tea. It is said that 5,000 years ago, an emperor in China discovered tea and used it to cure disease. In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, tea houses could be found all over the country. Tea-drinking was introduced to Japan in the sixth century, but was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th century. Up to now, tea has become one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is the national drink of China and an important part of Chinese traditional culture.2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案：翻译(信息技术)【翻译原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。【参考译文一】Nowadays， Information Technology is developing rapidly， and Chinese Citizens are putting more emphasis on it. Some schools and universities even make Information Technology one of the compulsory courses. People hold different views on this phenomenon. Some people deem that it is unnecessary to make Information Technology a required course in schools. Students should learn traditional curriculum. While other people think that it should be so， and they hold the attitude that China should keep pace with the times. Anyway， it is a good thing that Information Technology has drawn peoples attention.【参考译文二】With full speed development of the information technology， Chinese citizens pay more and more attention to it. Some schools even take the information technology as a required course. For this phenomenon， different people have different opinion. Some people argue that it is not necessary to do this since the traditional courses are supposed to be learned. While some others hold the opposite view， they believe that China should keep pace with the times. No matter how， it is a good thing that information technology has drawn attention of the people.【参考译文三】“As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology， some college even set it as a compulsory course. Regarding to this phenomenon， people hold different views. Some people think it is not necessary， for students should learn the traditional curriculum. Another part of people think it is a need， because China should keep pace with the times. Anyway， it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern【点评】今年的大学英语六级考试题型改革后，翻译题从之前的单句汉译英“换装”为段落汉译英，这对于考生来说，无疑是一个更大的挑战。很多考生一看到整段的汉译英题目就头疼，因为他们对于这个题目太陌生了。从单句到段落的翻译，标志着国家对于考生英语水平的要求已经提高到了一个全新的层面。段落翻译考查的是考生的英语综合水平。但从真题的出题角度来看，这次考试还是对考生相当得仁慈，考题要比考试样章中的题目来得简单得多。整篇翻译题就像是一篇四级作文，属于观点对立型的。主要是针对学校是否应该将信息技术这门课作为学生的必修课。其中阐述了两类人群的不同观点，这像极了我们四级考试作文题。比作文题还要简单的是，段落翻译已经给出了考生写作的思想，考生只需将其翻译成英文即可。从真题的出题内容来看，这次的翻译题也没有考那些考生不熟悉的话题，而是对考生特别熟悉的信息技术进行了考查。而且，整篇翻译原文中并没有特别长的句子和特别难的表达。相信考生肯定可以从容应对的。2013年12月14日大学英语四级考试真题及答案：翻译(中餐)【翻译原文】很多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技术和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物，肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。【参考译文】Many people like Chinese food. In China， cooking is not only regarded as a skill but also an art. The well/carefully-prepared Chinese food is tasty and good-looking. The way of cooking and ingredients selectionvary greatly across China. However， good cooking has one thing in common， that is， to always concern colors， smell， tastes and nutrition. As food is vital for mans health， good cooks are always making efforts to maintain balance between grains meats and vegetables. Thus， Chinese food is delicious and healthy。【考点】被动态;单复数混用;逻辑连词，例如并列以及转折;复合式形容结构，比如：精心准备的carefully-prepared。2013年12月英语四级真题及参考译文：翻译(中国结)【翻译原文】中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味这爱情丶婚姻和团聚，中国结常常作为礼物交换或作用饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。【参考译文】The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen. After hundreds of years of continuous improvement，has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts. In ancient times，people use it to record the event，but now used mainly for decorative purposes. The knot means love， marriage and reunion in Chinese，knot is often used for jewelry as a gift exchange or pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits，This form of handicrafts from generation to generation， it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world。2013年12月份的四六级考试新题型首次问世，依据这次题型的考试内容和特点，我们可以推断出2014年6月份的考试趋势，从而为之后的复习找到侧应对策略。可以看出，2013年12月的翻译考查内容涉及的内容多是中国传统文化，例如：中国结（The Chinese knot），茶文化（Chinese tea），中餐（Chinese food）等。体现出以下三个特点：1.文章倾向介绍类; 2.相同表达反复出现; 3.题材贴近生活，翻译灵活性强。由此为大家推荐今后四六级翻译的应对策略。策略一：积累常用词汇和词组比如说，2013年12月的翻译内容涉及的多是有关中国传统文化，像：中国结（The Chinese knot），中餐（Chinese food），茶文化（Chinese tea）等。如果大家能够事前准备到一些中国传统文化的专有词汇，像：祈求好运、瑰宝、福、和、 瓷器等，问题就会变得简单很多。遗产heritage; legacy; inheritance，保护protect; safeguard; preserve; shelter，古人the ancients古老的ancient。很多同学吐槽单词不会写，但也不能空着，一定要想到合适的表达，可以灵活地变通，比如：“第一流的”可以说成first-rate，也可以说成excellent，“尊敬”可以说成respect，也可以说成 think highly of。当然要想灵活自如，备战过程中背诵积累是必不可缺的。策略二：积累常见表达翻译的文章主题和题材类似的情况下就会不可避免的出现一些重复表达，比如：Chinese tradition and culture中国传统和文化；the treasure of China 中国的瑰宝；an important part of. .的重要组成部分；all over the country/ world遍布全国/全世界；the most popular最流行；Most ., while. 很多（人）., 而（另一些人）.。这些表达在介绍中国各种传统习俗时会频繁用到。因此，我们可以把一些常见的表达背诵下来。 策略三：平时多训练改革后的四六级翻译题材贴近生活，翻译灵活性强，题目会给我们很大的发挥空间，一般都不会太难。只要大家平时做好了相应的训练，基本都可以做到灵活应对。例如这样的句型“烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术” （cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art）；“精心准备的中餐既可口又好看”（The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking）；“中餐既味美又健康” Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy；这里边就多次出现了大家熟悉的“不仅.而且.”“既.又.”句型表达。正如我们所说，改革后的四级考试翻译考查更加注重实际，体裁多倾向于说明文或近似散文性质，不会太难，容易让学生产生兴趣与共鸣。考生需要注意，已经考查过的题材，次年一般不会重复出现，关于中国传统文化的题材2013年考查较多，所以今年应该不会重复考查。但是题材易变，题材不会发生太大变化，还望大家多多练习相应体裁的文段翻译，如此才能得到切实的长进！英语四级新题型段落翻译Test1在中国，喝茶是一种仪式(ritual)，一种精致品味(refined taste)的展示。人们在饮茶的同时，也领略着(take delight in)品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的打发时间的方式。过去，他们是以进有名的茶馆(teahouse)而开始一天的生活的。中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。到这里不仅是为了喝茶，也是为了议论当地的新闻或就政治话题进行激烈的(furious)争论。Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste. While drinking tea，people also take delight in the essence Of tea itself. Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way Of pastime among ChineseIn the past，they would start the day with a visit to a wellknown teahouse. Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs. People come here not just for tea，but also to discuss local news or to have furious political debates .Test2.在中国，中小学教育需要花费12年的时间来完成，分为小学、初中和高中三个阶段。小学教育持续5年或6年。在初中阶段，大多数学生上3年学，极少数上4年学。几乎98的学生在前一种学校人学。在小学和初中的9年教育属于义务教育。普通高中教育持续3年时间，在整个义务教育阶段，要求学生每学期末参加期末考试。In China，primary and secondary education takes 12 years to complete，divided in to primary, junior secondary and senior secondary stagesPrimary education lasts either five or six Years. At junior secondary stage，most have three years schooling with a tiny part of four years. Almost 98 percent of students are enrolled in the former schoolsThe nineyear schooling in primary and junior secondary schools belongs to compulsory education. General senior secondary education lasts three years. Throughout the whole process of compulsory education，students are required to take final examinations at the end of each semesterTest 3旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众愈来愈大的注意。许多人给报纸写信，就促进中国的旅游业的发展提出了种种建议。人们的看法是，发展旅游业将有助于促进中国人民和其他国家人民之间的相互了解和友谊，并将有利于文化、科学、技术方面的交流。还会有助于为中国的伟大事业积累资金。Tourism，a fast developing business over the last two decades in all parts of the world，is now receiving increasing attention among the Chinese publicMany people have written to the press making suggestions for the promotion of tourism in ChinaIt is believed that the development of tourism will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the people of China and other countries and facilitate exchanges in the field of culture，science and technologyMoreover，it will help accumulate funds for Chinas great cause.Test 4 传统中国绘画是一门独特的艺术，无论是风格还是技巧都与世界其他艺术门类迥然不同。传统的日本绘画可能算是例外，但是不要忘了，它是深受中国文化影响的。中国人绘画采用毛笔蘸墨汁或颜色，灵巧地挥洒(wield)在纸上。画家用深、浅、浓、淡的点和线构成一幅图画。在优秀画家的手里，毛笔和墨汁不仅是绘画的工具，也是画家艺术追求的象征。Traditional Chinese paintings constitute a unique school of art，a school that，in style and techniques is widely different from any other art school in the worldTraditional Japanese art may be the only exception，but it has to be remembered that it has been heavily influenced by the Chinese cultureThe Chinese do paintings with brushes，dipping their brushes in ink or paint and then skillfully wielding themPainters produce on the paper pictures with lines and dots-some heavy，and some light，and some deep，and some paleIn the hands of a good painter，brushes and ink are not only tools for drawing pictures，but also the symbol of his or her artistic pursuit.Test 5在媒介文化高度发展的今天，年轻人接触外来文化的方式越来越多。根据中国互联网信息中心CNNIC)的统计，截止到2004年6月30日，中国上网用户总数达到8，700万，其中多数是年轻人。现代社会的开放性和多样性使得年轻人不得不在西方文化的冲击中寻找自己的文化定位。实际上，现在很多年轻人在很多生活方式上已经很难分清它是来自西方还是东方。In the era of highly developed media culture, young people have more contact than ever with foreign culture. According to CNNIC statistics，by June 30，2004，China had had 87 million Internet users, most of which are young people. Coupled with the openness and diversity of modern society，young Chinese people now have to seek their culture orientation within the ambit of western cultureOn the surface, many aspects of the western or Eastern lifestyle are so blended that many young people find it difficult to make those lifestyles distinguishableTest 6世界贸易组织成立于1995年1月1日，目的是确保一个稳定的全球和贸易经济环境。在当今世界上的190多个国家中，世界贸易组织的成员国(member-COUntry)有158个。在处理国家之间的贸易规则方面，世界贸易组织是唯一的全球性国际组织。世贸组织的事务应该引起我们的关注，因为世贸组织制定的规则对我们国家的经济和国民生活都有一定的影响。The WTO(World Trade Organization), established on January 1，1995，aims to ensure a stable trade and economic world environment. The WTO is an association of 158 member countries，of more than 190 countries in the world todayThe WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nationsThe business of the WTO should be of interest to US because the rules that are being decided therein have an impact on our national economy，and peoples livesTest 7奥运会是国际性的体育盛会(sporting events)，体育项目种类繁多，分为夏冬两季，均是每4年举办一次。最初有记载的奥运会于公元前776年在希腊的奥林匹亚(Olympia)举行。奥运会是最大的媒体活动之一。2000年悉尼奥运会上，有超过16万名播音员和新闻记者参与报道。据估计，有38亿观众通过电视收看了此届盛会。然而，奥运会的发展也是奥运会面临的一个大问题。The Olympic Games are an international multisport event subdivided into summer and wintersporting eventsThe summer and winter games are each held every four years. The original Olympic Games were first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, GreeceThe Olympics are one of the largest media events. In Sydney in 2000 there were more than 16,000 broadcasters and journalists，and an estimated 3.8 billion viewers watched the games on television. However，the development of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face todayTest 8三国演义由罗贯中创作于14世纪，是一部中国历史题材小说。小说以汉朝末年和三国时期的历史演变为背景，叙述了在这个动荡(turbulent)时期发生的一系列重大事情。整个故事情节从公元168年开始一直到公元280年领土统一(reunification)时结束。小说篇幅长达80万字，分为120个章节，共描述了1，191个人物角色，堪称中国文学史上四大经典小说之一。Romance of the Three Kingdoms, written by Luo Guanzhong in the 14th century, is a Chinese historical novel based upon events in the turbulent years near the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms era, starting in AD 168 and ending with the reunification of the land in AD 280.It is acclaimed as one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, with a grand total of 800,000 words, 1,191 characters, and 120 chapters. Test 9无论中国人走到哪里，都不会改掉喝茶的习惯。茶最先由中国人发现，它是中国人生活中不可或缺的组成部分。有一句中国谚语将基本的日常必需品(basic daily necessities)称为柴、米、油、盐、酱、醋、茶。一千多年以来，饮茶的习俗已经在中国人心中根深蒂固(ingrained)。唐朝时，一个名叫陆羽的人写了世界上第一部关于茶的著作一茶经(Book of Tea)，这部书有助于在中国推广饮茶艺术。 Wherever the Chinese go，the custom of drinking tea follows. Tea was first discovered by theChinese and it is an indispensable part of the life of the Chinese. A Chinese saying identifies the basic daily necessities as fuel, rice, oil, salt，soy sauce, vinegar, and tea. The custom of drinking tea has been ingrained in the Chinese for over a thousand years. In Tang Dynasty, a man named Lu Yu created the first compendium in the world on tea, Book of TeaThis work helped to popularize the art of tea drinking all across ChinaTest 10秧歌舞(Yangko)是中国汉族的一种传统民间舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装(costume)，他们的表演动作有力而迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期闻，人们一旦听到锣(gong)鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上观看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。The Yangko dance is a traditional folk dance of the Han Chinese, commonly performed in thenorthern provinces. Yangko dancers usually wear bright and colorful costumes，and their movements are vigorous and quick. During holidays such as lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival, as soon as people hear the sound of drums and gongs they swarm into the streets to watch Yangko dance performances, no matter how cold it is outsideIn recent years，elderly people in some cities in Northeast China have been organizing themselves into Yangko teams, with the dancers mostly enjoying themselves while keeping fit all year roundTest 11中国以创造各种方式、方法来方便人类的生活而广为人知。在中国古代的发明中，四大发明不仅为中国的发展，还为世界经济和文化的发展，作出了巨大贡献。中国古代的四大发明分别是造纸术、印刷术、火药(gun powder)指南针(compass)。中国古代的四大发明为世界经济和人类文化作出了重要的贡献，而且这也是中国作为世界文明大国的重要象征。China is well known for its introduction of ways and means to help ease the life of mankind. Among the inventions of Ancient China, four emerged as great contributions to the developments and changes not only to the country, but also to the worlds economy and culture. The Four Great Inventions of ancient China were papermaking, commercial printing, gunpowder, the compass. Chinas four great ancient inventions mad tremendous contributions to the worlds economy and the culture of mankind. They were also important symbols of Chinas role as a great world civilization.Test 12中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久之前。这反映出中国人喜欢团圆、不愿分离的观念圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。盘子通常放在桌子的中央，这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的气氛。朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。最近一位美国汉学家(sinologist)的著作认为，中国人的集体观念(collective tradition)就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back in a long time ago. It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division round tables, round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can share them. A hot pot, in particular, adds to the atmosphere of harmony and union, friends also like to eat and live together. A recent book by an American Sinologist held that the Chinese collective tradition developed out the practice of eating together.Test 13中国的菜肴拥有许多种不同的流派(genre)，但是最具影响力并且最为公众所熟悉的就是“八大菜系“the“Eight Categories of Chinese cuisine”)。它们是：鲁菜、川菜、粤菜、闽菜、苏菜、浙菜、湘菜以及徽菜。确定一种流派形式的关键要素十分复杂，包括历史、烹调特征、地理、气候、资源以及生活方式。不同地区的菜肴各具特色，因此尽管有时两个地区相互毗邻，但是它们的风格却完全不同。Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, but the most influential and typical known by the public are the “Eight Categories of Chinese Cuisine”. These are as follows：Shandong Cuisine，Sichuan Cuisine，Guangdong Cuisine，Fujian Cuisine，Jiangsu Cuisine，Zhejiang Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine，and Anhui Cuisine. The essential factors that establish the form of a genre are complex and include history, cooking features, geography, climate, resources and lifestyles. Cuisines from different regions are so distinctive that sometimes despite the fact that two areas are geographical neighbors，their styles are completely alienTest 14川剧(Sichuan 0pera)就像四川火锅以及其他的名菜一样动人、丰富。变脸(Face Changing)是川剧中的一大亮点。据说古人在他们的脸上作画，以便赶走野生动物。川剧吸收了这一古老的技艺并将其升华为一门艺术。变脸是一门神奇的艺术。演员在不到20秒的时间内要换十多次脸谱。通过举手、摆袖或摇头，演员使用不同的脸谱来表现不同的情绪，并通过看得见摸得着的脸谱表达出看不见摸不着的感情。 Sichuan Opera(Chuan Ju)，like hotpot and other famo