高一牛津上Unit2知识点整理.docx

Unit 2知识点整理 一必知考点 . Words中文 词性 单词 词组1. 发型、发式 _ _2. 适合 _ _ _使适合于 _ 与相称3. 保证 _ _4. 专家 _ _5. 一屡卷发 _ _.6. 棱角 _ _7. 均衡的 _ _ 8. 用洗发剂洗 _ _9. 有效的 _ _ _对.有效应, 对.起作用_法律 、决议、协定等)生效_很不得力10. 正常的 _ _11. 使用 _ _适用于, 应用于, 施加于, 用来表示, 与.接触_申请; 请求, 接洽 _致力于, 集中精力做某事12. 把弄湿 _ _13. 挤 _ _ _挤出14. 梳子 _ _15. 损害 _ _16. 使变松 _ _17. 灰尘 _ _18. 过度使用 _ _19. 秃顶的 _ _20. 确保 _ _21. 蛋白质 _ _22. 足够的 _ _ _适合; 足够23. 精神压力；紧张_ _24. 治疗方法，补救方法_ _25. （用清水）冲洗掉；漂净_ _26. 经常 _ _27. 搓（某物）_ _II. Phrases:28. 高兴到极点，心满意足_29. 注意，关注_30. 夺去_31. 乳制品_32. 缺乏_33. 另外_. Sentence patternWhat do you know about ?. GrammarSentence elements: subjects,verbs and objects(direct objects and indirect objects).二 重点词汇讲解1guarantee V保证 【常用搭配】 guarantee that保证 guarantee to do something保证做某事 He guaranteed that he would keep his word他保证会信守承诺。 He guaranteed to finish writing the report by the end of the day他保证定会在下班前写完这篇报道。 The hairdryer is guaranteed for 2 years against poor quality这个电吹风如果质量有问题可保修两年。 【拓展】 n保证；保修期；保修单 【常用搭配】 give a guarantee of something 保证 give a guarantee that 保证 be under guarantee在保修期内 Wealth is no guarantee of happiness财富决不是幸福的保证。The boy gave the teacher a guarantee that he would never be late for school.男孩向老师保证以后不会再迟到了。 If a watch is under guarantee，any of its damage can be repaired free of charge如果手表在保修期内，任何损坏都可以免费修理。2on top of the world 高兴到极点；心满意足 【常用搭配】 befeel on top of the world高兴之极She is on top of the worldshes just got engaged她实在太高兴了因为她刚刚订了婚。 【必背】 on top of在上面；在上方 There is an ancient temple on top of the mountain山顶上有一座古老的寺庙。 【拓展】 at the top of ones voice高声地 The little girl was screaming at the top of her voice小女孩正在高声尖叫。3in addition此外；另外 【常用搭配】 in addition to除了之外(还) In addition to the literature courses，mathematics and geography are also taught to thestudents除了文学课程以外，学生们还要学习数学和地理。4effective adj有效的 His efforts to improve his spoken English have been very effective：他为提高自己的英语口语水平所作的努力卓见成效。 【注意】 比较effective和efficient effective adj有效的 His teaching method was not effective他的教学方法不奏效。 efficient adj有效率的；效率高的 A good lawyer needs an efficient secretary一位好律师需要一个办事效率高的秘书。 【拓展】 effect n影响；效果；作用 Some western films have misleading effects on the young people有些西方电影对年轻人有误导作用。【常用搭配】be in effect有效A cease-fire was in effect in some areas停火命令在某些地方有效。come into effect 生效 The new regulation will not come into effect until next month新规定将从下月开始生效。 take effect 见效；起作用 have aeffect on对有的作用影响Parents have a greater effect on their children than teachers比起老师来，父母对孩子的影响更大。5apply V应用；运用；使用 【常用搭配】 apply something to something 把使用到中 apply oneself to 致力于 we should apply our knowledge and skills to practical use我们应该把自身的知识和技能应用于实践。 lf you apply yourself to your career，youll make great achievements如果你致力于自己的事业，你一定会取得很大的成就。 【拓展】 V敷；涂 If your wound bleeds，first apply pressure to it如果伤口流血，应首先用力按压止血。 V申请 【常用搭配】 apply to sb. for sth. 申请 Many freshmen have applied to their universities for scholarship许多大一新生已经向自己所在的大学申请了奖学金。 application n. 申请；应用The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production usually makes jobs easier to do. 新的科学发现在工业生产中的应用通常使工作变得更容易。applicant n申请人There have been three applicants for the job目前已有三个人申请了这份工作。More reading: 6be happy with 对感到满意 She is happy with her present job她对目前的工作感到满意。 【拓展】 be happy to do something高兴做某事 He will be happy to return to his hometown for work他会很高兴地回到自己的家乡去工作。7keepfrom阻止；妨碍 We must keep the disease from spreading across the city我们必须阻止这种疾病在城市中蔓延。 【注意】 Keep somebody from doing something，prevent somebody from doing something和stop somebody from doing something这三个词组都表示“阻止某人做某事”，但是prevent somebody from doing something和stop somebody from doing something中的介词from可以被省略，而keep somebody from doing something中的介词from不能被省略。8. avoid v. 防止；避免 【常用搭配】 avoid something防止(发生某事) avoid doing something避免(做某事) To avoid car accident, the driver should always stay alert. 为了防止发生交通事故，驾驶员应该始终保持警惕。He made a decision to avoid doing anything dishonest他下定决心不做任何不诚实的事。9robof 夺去 The noisy cat robbed her of a good nights sleep那只吵闹的猫弄得她一夜没有睡好觉。 【拓展】 robber n强盗 The robber was caught red-handed强盗被当场抓住。 robbery n抢劫(案)Any kind of robbery will be severely punished任何形式的抢劫都会受到严厉的惩罚。10the key to 的关键 Diligence is the key to success勤奋是成功的关键。 【拓展】 key n 钥匙。 Have you got the key to the door? 你有没有这扇门的钥匙? 关键 The key to good health is to eat and sleep regularly保持身体健康的关键是饮食和睡眠要有规律。 答案；解释 No one was able to work out the key to the difficult mathematic problem没有人能够解答这道数学难题。课堂练习：Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary.be happy with rob. of in addition to keep. from guarantee apply. to apply for damage effective the key to1. Staying up late will _your health.2. The sales person _that the washing machine can work properly for 15 years.3. He _ himself_ the study of genes.4. He speaks French _English.5. Everyone should _himself or herself, regardless of how he or she looks.6. We must _ the trouble _becoming worse.7. Its wrong of you to _ him the right of expressing his own opinions.8. Hard work is _ solving the problem.9. Are you going to _a new job?10. His patience and kindness are _to keep her from crying more.B. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1. 要不遗余力地确保乘客们的安全。 (ensure)2. 事实证明，这些事可以对我们的工作造成很大的伤害。 (do damage to)3. 凯特是个幼儿教育专家。(expert)4. 医生们很快找出了治疗这种疾病的方法。(remedy)5. 正确的学习态度是成功的关键。 (the key to)6. 如今，人们比以往更注意食品安全。(pay attention to)7. 医生们的努力有效地防止了疾病的传播。 (effective)8. 他被剥夺了休息的权利。(rob. of)9很多大学生到申请工作时才意识到他们缺乏很多方面的能力。 (apply for)10.这家保险公司保证赔付汽车上任何被偷的零部件。 (guarantee)Keys:A. 1. damage 2. guaranteed 3. applied. to 4. in addition to 5. be happy with 6. Keep from 7. rob,. of 8. the key to 9. apply for 10. effectiveB. 1. Great efforts have to be taken to ensure the safety of passengers.2. Facts prove, that these things can do great damage to our work.3. Kate is an expert at teaching small children.4. Doctors soon found a remedy for the disease.5. The right attitude toward study is the key to success.6. Today people pay more attention to the safety of food than ever before.7. The doctors efforts are effective to keep the disease from spreading.8. He was robbed of time to have a rest.9. Many university students dont realize that they lack ability in many fields until theyapply for jobs. 10. This insurance company guarantees-to pay for any part of the car which is stolen.三 Grammar：Basic Sentence Structure and Tenses 1基本句子结构Basic Sentence Structures) 英语中的句子千变万化，各不相同，但无论怎么复杂的句子都是由下列5种基本结构演化而成的。 (1)主+谓(SV) egHe left他离开。 (2)主+系动词+表(SVP) e.g. H e was busy他忙。 (3)主+谓十宾(SVO) egShe studies English她学英语。 (4)主+谓+宾+补(SVOC) egHe painted the room blue他把房间刷成蓝色。 (5)主+谓+间宾+直宾(SVOiOd) egThe waiter brought me a cup of tea 服务员给我端来一杯茶。 句子成分主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, go，become， get，turn， prove . It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. （名词）We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名）We will make them happy. （形容词）We found nobody in. ( 副词 )Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （现在分词） Ill have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词） I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike. Though he is young, he can do it well. 四Comprehensive testII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.1. Ewer since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they _better health.A. are enjoying B. have been enjoyingC. could have enjoyed D. had enjoyed2. The new manager was nervous because this was the first time he _in public.A. was speaking B. speak C. has spoken D. had spoken3. In his report he listed the damage _had been done by that terrorist attack.A. which he supposed B. he supposed thatC. he supposed D. that was supposed4. Well, its a pity I didnt buy that recently published dictionary yesterday. _. I have already bought one for you.A. You neednt buy it B. You neednt have bought itC. You didnt need to buy it D. You dont have to buy it5. _of us knows the reason why winter is colder than summer.A. All B. Everyone C. Someone D. Everyone6. During the year, the President paid his attention _agriculture.A. to improve B. improving C. to be improved D. to improving7. Speak clearly _they may understand you.A. in order to B. so as to C. in case D. so that8. He cant help _the bike because he is busy doing the homework.A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. being repaired9. Her parents dont like him. _, they do not match very much.A. In addition B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. However10. It was wise _ in stock market years ago since he has made a large fortune from it.A. for him to invest B. of him to investC. for him investing D. of him investing11. Nothing can _us realizing the four modernization.A. prevent B. avoid C. keep D. hold12. The overseas Chinese tried to _ his former friends and relatives after 30 years of separation from them.A. touch B. contact C. reach D. approach13. The driver just let the policeman _at his false license.A. observe B. notice C. glance D. watch14. Watch out! _the children run in the street.A. Not let B. Not to let C. Dont let D. Not letting16. As soon as I _my meal, I left the restaurant.A. finish B. will finish C. finished D. have finished17. _an A student in high school seemed to offer little assurance that I would be able to survive college.A. Be B. Being C. As D. As for18. Without the great painters masterpiece, we would never have noticed different shapes in nature _felt the delight they brought to the artist.A. so B. or C. but D. as ;19. A busy manager and a factory worker have the same problem: how to organize a pleasant life free from too much_.A. ache B. stress C. weight D. vigor20. A fishing pond needs a constant supply of oxygen to _that fish stay healthy.A. ensure B. preserve C. assume D. requireSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. argued B. demanding C. however D. growing E. obviousF. unfortunately G. accident H. require I. others J. wonderingCongratulations, Mr Jones, its a girl. Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, 1_ whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, 2_ do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy(怀孕) was an 3_ that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child is, it is 4_ that the transition($!) from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, 5_ , few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.It is 6_ by some writers that the transition to the fathers role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mothers role. The mothers role seems to 7_ a complete change in daily routine and highly inventive adaptation. On the other hand, the fathers role is less 8_ and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that 9_ numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household. Reading Comprehension Section AStockholm is the capital of Sweden, and it is perhaps one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. In winter, the water here 1_ hard enough for people to walk on and see the city from a new point of 2 _ .There are a lot of people on the ice, taking a walk or 3_ their dogs. Probably for them it is quite 4_ , but for other people it is wonderful to see these wide sea waters 5_ frozen with a very thick layer of ice/ No more sound of waves against the docks, no more boats 6_ up and down the waters. People would see one small boat struggling its way 7_ a small stretch of loose ice, disappearing in the white ice fields.In Stockholm there are many ice bars. Before you enter an ice bar, youll get pro