2006-07考研阅读精读笔记 (2).docx

考研阅读精读笔记（2006-2007）(2009-08-08 16:44:02) 2006Text OneL:amazing a. 令人惊讶的；了不起的machine n.体系，系统；机器homogenize v.同化 homogenization n.democratize v.(使)民主化uniform a.统一，一致 uniformity n.discourse n./v.说话，评论，演讲absence n.在本文等于casualness意为“随意，随便，不经意”launch v.发起，开始elegant adj.优雅的intimate a.令人感到亲切的，亲密的，私密的 intimacy n.cater to A 迎合Aknowledgeable a.有知识的，有见识的，饱读诗书的elite n.精英regardless of 不管，不顾；尽管有class n.阶级；等级；班级mass media大众媒体force n.因素fit into 融入，适合common a.共同的；普通的；常见的elevating a.激励人心的；有提升作用的poisonous a.有毒的；有害的 poison v./n.毒害；毒药forum n.论坛，会议场所precedent n.先例，前例unprecedented a.空前的，史无前例的resistant to A抵抗Aassimilation n.同化 assimilate v. assimilative a.prior to A = before Aindex n.(复数indices)指标，参考标准；索引intermarriage n.residence n.住处 resident n.居民，住户bilingual a.两种语言的proficient in sthgraveyard n.坟墓native-born a.foreign-born a.Hispanic n.讲西班牙语的人 a.西班牙的；西班牙人的；西班牙语的remote a.immune to A对A有免疫divisive a.造成不和的，制造分裂的pocket n.口袋pockets of 一些seethe v.沸腾，大发雷霆seething anger 强烈的愤怒turbulent a.动荡的；骚动的 turbulence n.deteriorate = aggravate v.恶化 deterioration n.monopolize v.垄断popular a.大众的；受欢迎的，流行的reward v./n.回报；报酬 rewarding a.有回报的fruitless a.毫无成果的；不结果的S:But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment. =But particularly when todays social indices are viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.但尤其是，当我们把今天的这些社会指标放在美国动荡的历史背景下去看时，它们很难让人想到一个黑暗并且每况愈下的社会环境。Text TwoL:Stratford n.一个英国小镇，莎士比亚的故乡Avon n.经过Stratford镇的一条小河Stratford-on-Avon n. Avon河上的Stratford镇distinct ad.明显的；不同的 distinctly ad.branch n.分支；分公司royal a.皇家的present v.上演；给superb a.一流的，优秀的production n.作品；产品memorial a./n.纪念townsfolk n.市民，镇民live off = live on 靠生活sight n.景点；景象；视力worthy a.可敬的；值得的theatre = theater n.剧院penny n.(英国金钱单位)便士frank a.坦诚的，坦白的 frankly ad.beard n.络腮胡子sandal n.凉鞋，凉拖delicious a.有趣的；美味的 deliciously ad.irony n.讽刺 ironic a.earn ones living = make a living 谋生share n.一份，份额sightseer n.观光者castle n.城堡palace n.宫殿playgoer n.看戏的人manage vt.设法做到sight-seeing n.观光playgoing n.看戏nightfall n.夜幕降临local a.当地的；地方的；局部的council n.议事会，理事会subsidy n.补助，补助金wing n.侧厅，边房；翅膀，翼cocktail n.鸡尾酒lounge n.大厅，休息室decorate v.装饰，装修banquet n./v.宴会and so forth = and so on 等等attendance n.出席，参加break record 打破记录three years in a row 连续三年rocket vi.迅速增加，迅速上升clientele n.顾客，主顾all over 到处；浑身pointed a.尖的；突出的dedicated a.专注的；献身的bun n.小圆面包bed down = sleep vi.睡觉flagstone n.石板standing-room ticket 站票hold v.(held, held)保留box office 票房；票房收入stage n.舞台；阶段on and off stage 台上台下terms n.关系；条件be on good terms 关系好than prep.除了no other than B 只有B，正是Bon the rise 正在上升/增加on the decline 正在下降/减少Text ThreeL:prehistoric a.史前的extinct a.灭绝的 extinction n.game n.猎物fishery n.渔场；渔业biological matter 生物质over time 随着时间的过去，经过一段时间predator n.肉食动物，捕食者half v.(halved, halved)减半vessel n.船只prey n.被捕食者，猎物sonar n.声纳saturate v.饱和 saturation n.bait v./n.装有诱饵的；诱饵hook v./n.钩trap v./n.诱捕；陷害；陷阱stock n.(动物)群shark n.鲨鱼take into account = take into consideration 考虑current a.流行的；当前的marine a.海的，海洋的detect v.探测 detection n.matter vi. = count 有重要性，重要maximum n./a.最大量，最大化sustainable a.可持续的yield n./v.出产量；出产；让步，屈服crop v.收获outlive v.活得比长so far 迄今为止out of date 过时的be concerned with A 担心A；关心Aapplication n.应用；申请 apply v.S:That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.这一点很重要，因为理论表明，(在一个渔场中)当一个目标种群的数量是最初数量的约50%时，我们才能从中获得最大限度的可持续捕捞量。Text FourL:weird a.奇怪的suit v.适合worst of all 最糟的是skeptical = sceptical a.怀疑的 skepticism = scepticism n.skeptic = sceptic n.怀疑者；怀疑论者skeptical of A 怀疑Amisery n.悲惨，不幸 miserable a.perpetual a.永久的massacre n.屠杀innocent n.无辜者 a.无辜的；天真的，无知的damn n.该死depict v.描述，描绘 depiction n.track v.追踪，跟踪ideology n.思想体系；意识形态reminder n.暗示exhausted a.筋疲力尽的literacy n.有文化 literate a.worshipper n.信教者peril n.危险 perilous a.someday ad.某一天worm n.虫子bombard A with B 用B轰炸Aanchor n.主播，主持人；锚 v.固定；稳定messenger n.信使feature v.以为特色；是的特色；起重要作用beam v.微笑；发光；光束，光柱celebrity n.名人 celebrated a.著名的agenda n.议程lure v.引诱 luring n.celebrate v.庆祝arthritis n.关节炎live with 承认，忍受(不愉快的事物)；住在一起bitter a.苦的；令人不快的clove n.丁香somehow ad.不知何故，以某种方式a breath of fresh air 一股清新的空气be expressive of = express v.表达out of prep.处于，源自in the wake of 跟随，在之后；作为的结果the general public 普通大众illusion n.幻觉more often than not 时常，常常distasteful a.令人不快的refresh v.使精神振作；使精力恢复S:It is not as if that ，事实并非如此。But its not as if earlier times didnt know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents.从前的时代不知道永恒的战争，灾难和对无辜者的屠杀，事实并非如此。说从前的人没有目睹过永恒的战争，灾难和对无辜者的屠杀，这种说法不对。The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全跟随着大众媒体的出现，随着它的兴起，一种商业文化也得以产生，在这种商业文化中，快乐不仅仅是一个理想，更是一种指导思想。2007Text OneL:certificate n.证书soccer n.足球tournament n.联赛，锦标赛noteworthy a.值得注意的rank n.行列，等级pronounced a.明显的；被说出来的astrology n.占星术 astrological a.astrological sign 星座superior a.出众的；较好的，较高的 superiority n.stamina n.耐力，持久力conceive v.怀孕，怀上；构思springtime n.春天peak n.巅峰mania n.癖好；疯狂，躁狂engineering n.工程，工程学conduct research 进行研究subject n.研究对象digit n.数字，数码recall v.回忆cognitive a.认知的 cognition uitive a.直觉的 intuition n.exhibit v.展示，表现 exhibition n.swamp v.淹没 n.沼泽encode v.对进行编码；编码entail vt.需要；使承担specific a.特定的feedback n.反馈，回馈technique n.技巧，方法take to A 喜欢Apursuit n.职业，行业；爱好；追求a wide range of 许多种不同的biographical a.生理的；生物的expert performers = top achievers 高手，佼佼者startle v.震惊assert v.断言，声称 assertion n.trait n.性格特点overrate v.高估put another way 换句话说spotlight v.凸显，重视craze n.疯狂hysteria n.歇斯底里process v.加工，处理nurture n./v.养育，教养reap v. 收获；收割sow v.播种S:This success led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.这个成功使埃里克森得出一个结论，即记忆这个行为与其说是本能的，不如说是一种认知练习。Text TwoL:supplement n./v.增刊；补充column n.专栏；柱子query = question v./n.询问envision = visualize = imagine v.想象fold v./n.折；折痕deduce v.推断 deduction n.numerical a.数字的field vt.回答，答复the average Joe 普通人be fond of A 喜欢Afondness n.喜欢figure out 推断出，想出；计算出pattern n.模式elude v.难倒，使无法理解；躲避 elusion n.encompass vt.包含smart a.聪明的specify vt.详细说明，具体说明 specification n.genetics n.遗传学defining a.下定义的，定义的term n.措辞，术语，说法，语言defining term 定义标准score v.打分；得分 n.分数scoring n.打分distribution n.分布；分配；销售peer n.相同年龄、地位、身份等的人chronological a.按年月顺序的chronology n.按时间的排列；年代学chronological age 生理年龄mental age 心理年龄multiply v.乘standardized test 标准化测试scholastic a.学校的，学术的assessment n.评估 assess v.SAT 学习能力评价测试（相当于中国的高考）GRE 研究生记录考试（相当于中国的研究生全国入学考试）analytical a.分析的leadership n.领导能力；领导层toil v./n.辛苦；跋涉testify v.作证；证明test-taking skills 应试技巧skip v./n.跳，略过，遗漏graph n.曲线图content n.内容format n.格式computational a.计算的guesswork n.猜测Text ThreeL:count on 指望；依靠fair a.公平的fair play 公平比赛，公平竞争secure a.安心的；安全的；有保障的 security n.transform v.改变 transformation n.pink slip 粉红色的便条，解雇通知书spouse n.配偶solidly ad.资金雄厚地economics n.经济状况；经济学policymaker n.政策制定者；决策者stripe n.种，种类；条，条纹side effect 副作用budget v.做预算paycheck n.薪水，付薪水的支票parachute n.降落伞；保护伞setback n.挫折；退步back-up a.备份的lay off 短时间解雇insurance n.保险金；保险unemployment insurance 失业保险disability insurance 伤残保险weather vt.经受住weather bad times 渡过难关disruption n.妨碍；破坏；扰乱 disrupt v.steel n.钢airline n.航空公司；航线campaign v.开展运动 n.运动Social Security 社会保险制度，社会保障savings account 储蓄存款帐户retiree n.退休者trade A for B 拿A去换得Bbear v.(bore, borne)承受；忍受hall n.大厅deductible n.纳税时可减免的收入demographics n.人口构成，人口统计状况；人口学odds n.可能性attendant a.伴随的，陪伴的eightfold ad./a.八倍perspective n.视角from sbs perspective 从sb的角度出发exercise vt.行使，执行；实施frighten v.惊吓frightening a.可怕的wholesale n./a.大规模的，大量的；批发fallout n.后遗症，附带结果；放射性尘埃pension n.退休金A outweighs B. A比B重要。A is an indicator of B. = A indicates B. A表明B。alert n./a.提防；警惕on the alert 处于警惕状态cliff n.悬崖ruins n.毁坏；遗迹，废墟S:But today, a disruption to family fortunes can not longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.但是今天，家庭财富的扰乱，就不能再用生活伴侣的额外收入弥补了，在相反的情况下，这个伴侣是呆在家中的。但是现在，家庭收入出了问题，就再不能指望妻子去找份工作，用这份工作的额外收入来弥补了，而在以前就可以，因为她们本来没工作，是呆在家里的。From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.可以理解的是，从中产阶级的角度看，这一切在很大程度上，与其说像行使更多经济责任的一个机会，不如说更像经济风险往他们已经不堪重负的肩膀上大量转移的一个可怕的加速。Text FourL:It never rains but it pours. 不下雨则已，一下就是倾盆大雨。sort out 解决；整顿；整理，挑出accounting n.财务；会计学compliance n.纪律；服从 comply with vt.服从，遵守feeble a.脆弱的，软弱的governance n.管理，治理；统治roll v./n.滚，转动executive a./n.管理的；管理者；执行者suite n.一套人马；一套odd a.临时的put right 解决；纠正，校正data-rich a.使用大量信息的high on ones agenda 成为某人的当务之急/头等大事，高居日程表之首variety n.种，种类leakage n.泄露 leak v.diverse a.不同的defense n.防卫，国防contractor n.订约人；承包人defense contractor 国防承包商leave sb doing 使sb做peer v./n.专心的看，费力的看intricate a.复杂的 intricacy n.asset n.财产，资产；优点practice n.规则，法律；惯例，做法redundancy n.冗余，多余 redundant a.mystery n.谜dim a.迟钝的，愚笨的go astray 走偏，出错proposed a.被提出的do the rounds = go the rounds 被传播theft n.偷盗disclose v.揭露，揭示，披露overshadow v.使显得不重要；遮蔽put sb on notice 提醒sb注意，警告sb，把sb的名字公布出来corporate Americ