物理专业英语-课件.docx

物理专业英语English in Physics教材：物理专业英语，李淑侠、刘盛春，哈尔滨工业大学出版社学时：32目的：1、增加了解专业词汇、语法、结构2、扩宽专业知识3、打基础文献的查阅、翻译、写作内容：(5 parts) 1、Mechanics力学 2、Thermodynamics & Statistical Physics热力学与统计物理 3、Optics光学 4、Electromagnetism电磁学5、Modern Physics近代物理Part 1 The physical fundamentals of mechanicsCharpter1 kinematics1-0 Prologuequestions: Can you briefly describe mechanics in your mind? Study the motion of the material bodiesHave long historyTremendous growth by Galileo and Newton What can we do applying the principles of mechanics?Predict motions analyse motions and explain the cause Why mechanics is most important branch of physics?The first complete branch,furnish the basic concepts of whole physics, influence the other branches.passages: Now we apply some principles to the motions of artificial satellites such as an orbiting Space Shuttle. In general, the principles of mechanics can be applied toi. The motions of celestial objects so as to accurately predict events, in some cases many years before they happen, for example, the return of the Halleys comet;ii. The motions of ordinary objects on Earth , for example, an automobile or a thrown baseball;iii. The behavior of atoms, atomic particles, and subatomic particles, with considerable success.words：l kinematics ,kinimtiks, kai n. the branch of mechanics concerned with motion without reference to force or mass运动学；动力学l celestial silestjl adj. adj.1. of or relating to the sky 2. relating to or inhabiting a divine heaven 3. of heaven or the spirit 天上的，天空的l space shuttle n. a reusable spacecraft with wings for a controlled descent through the Earths atmosphere太空飞船l comet kmit n. (astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbitl differentiate ,difrenieit v. 1. mark as different 2. be a distinctive feature, attribute, or trait; sometimes in a very positive sense 3. calculate a derivative; take the derivative4. become different during development cells differentiate 5. evolve so as to lead to a new species or develop in a way most suited to the environment 6. become distinct and acquire a different character vi. 区分，区别vt. 区分，区别1-1Mechanical motionquestions:l What must we introduce or consider when we describe the mechanical motion?l Why do we usually study the idea models, such as particle and rigid body?l When a body we study is regarded as a point particle ? or a rigid body?l How can we describe the motion of a body or system ?l How many kinds of the motion of the rigid body? And what they are?l Can you describe the Cartesian coordinates as a example in this section?Passage: It was indicated above that motion in mechanics is defined as the change in the mutual arrangement of the bodies. If we imagine a separate isolated body in a space where no others are present, then we cannot speak of the motion of the body because there is nothing with respect to which the body could change its position. It thus follows that if we intend to study the motion of a body, then we must indicate with respect to what other bodies the given motion occurs. To describe the motion of a body means to indicate for every moment of the time the position of the body in space and its velocity. To set the state of a mechanical system, we must indicate the positions and the velocities of all the bodies forming the system. A typical problem of mechanics consists in determining the states of a system at all the following moments of time t when we know the state of the system at a certain initial moment t0 and also the laws governing the motion. It is simpler to treat a point particle than an extended body. We shall therefore first study the mechanics of a particle, and then go over to the mechanics of a rigid body. We shall start with kinematics, and then delve into dynamics. We remind our reader that kinematics studies the motion of bodies without regard to what causes this motion. Dynamics studies the motion of bodies with a view to what causes this motion to have the nature it does, i.e. with a view to the interactions between bodies. Word: timepiece taimpi:s n. a measuring instrument or device for keeping time 计时器 stationary steinri adj. 1. standing still 2. not capable of being moved 固定的；静止的；定居的；常备军的 reference frame n. a system that uses coordinates to establish position参考系，参考坐标系 constant knstnt adj. 1. persistent in occurrence and unvarying in nature 2. continually recurring or continuing without interruption 3. steadfast in purpose or devotion or affection 4. uninterrupted in time and indefinitely long continuing n.1. a quantity that does not vary2. a number representing a quantity adj. 不变的；恒定的；经常的n. 数 常数；恒量 corridor krid: n. an enclosed passageway; rooms usually open onto it走廊 disengage ,disineid v. release from something that holds fast, connects, or entangles 使脱离；解开；解除 disengage from 使从脱离(或解脱、解除): deform dif:m v. 1. make formless 2. twist and press out of shape 3. cause (a plastic object) to assume a crooked or angular form 4. become misshapen 5. alter the shape of (something) by stress 6. assume a different shape or form vt. 使变形；使成畸形vi. 变形；变畸形adj. 畸形的；丑陋的 Cartesian k:tizin adj. of or relating to Rene Descartes or his works adj. 笛卡尔哲学的；笛卡尔的 cartesian coordinate 数学笛卡尔坐标 cartesian coordinate system 笛卡儿坐标系统 cartesian product 笛卡儿积 cartesian space 直角坐标空间；欧几里得空间；笛卡儿空间 rectangular rektjul adj. 1. having four right angles 2. having a set of mutually perpendicular axes; meeting at right angles adj. 矩形的；成直角的 lattice ltis n. 1. an arrangement of points or particles or objects in a regular periodic pattern in 2 or 3 dimensions 2. small opening (like a window in a door) through which business can be transacted 3. framework consisting of an ornamental design made of strips of wood or metal 晶体 晶格；格子；格架 rod rd n. 1. a linear measure of 16.5 feet 2. a long thin implement made of metal or wood 3. any rod-shaped bacterium 4. a square rod of land 5. visual receptor cell sensitive to dim light 6. a gangsters pistol 棒；惩罚；枝条；权力 identical aidentikl adj. 同一的；完全相同的n. 完全相同的事物 scale1 skeil n. 1. an ordered reference standard 2. relative magnitude 3. the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it v.1. measure by or as if by a scale 2. pattern, make, regulate, set, measure, or estimate according to some rate or standard3. take by attacking with scaling ladders 4. reach the highest point of 5. measure with or as if with scales 6. size or measure according to a scale n.规模；比例；鳞；刻度；天平；数值范围v. 测量；依比例决定 graduate rdut, rdjueit v 1. receive an academic degree upon completion of ones studies 2. make fine adjustments or divide into marked intervals for optimal measuringvt. 授予学位；分等级；标上刻度 synchronize sikrnaiz v.1. make synchronous and adjust in time or manner 2. happen at the same time3. make (motion picture sound) exactly simultaneous with the action 4. arrange or represent events so that they co-occur 5. operate simultaneously 6. cause to indicate the same time or rate vt. 使合拍；使同步vi. 同步；同时发生 go over 复习，重温；仔细检查；转变；润色 delve delv v. turn up, loosen, or remove earthvi. 钻研；探究；挖复习，重温；仔细检查；转变；润色brush up on, go through adj.数同一的；完全相同的 i.e. 是拉丁文 id est idest的缩写，它的意思就是“那就是说，换句话说”，等同于“that is，in other words” ，目的是用来进一步解释前面所说的观点。 e.g. 是拉丁文 exempli gratia izemplaireii 的缩写，它的意思是“举个例子，比如”，等同与“for example”,目的就是用几个例子来说明前面的观点。 etc.就比较好理解了，它是 etcetera etsetr 的缩写，意思是“等等”，相当于“and so on”e.g. 和 etc. 不能出现在同一句话中，因为 e.g. 是表示泛泛的举几个例子，并没有囊括所有的实例，其中就已经包含“等等”，如果再加一个 etc. 就画蛇添足了self, same1-2 vectorquestions: Can you briefly describe mechanics in your mind?passages: Now we apply some principles to the motions of artificial satellites such as an words：l triangle trail n. 1. a three-sided polygon2. something approximating the shape of a triangle;【数学】三角形; 三角形物体; 三角板l parallelogram ,prlelrm n. a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are both parallel and equal in length n. 平行四边形l significant signifiknt adj.1. important in effect or meaning 2. fairly large 3. too closely correlated to be attributed to chance and therefore indicating a systematic relation 4. rich in significance or implication adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的；值得注意的；意味深长的l depict dipikt v.1. show in, or as in, a picture 2. give a description of3. make a portrait of描述；描画l segment semnt, sement, sement n.1. one of several parts or pieces that fit with others to constitute a whole object 2. one of the parts into which something naturally divides v. 1. divide into segments 2. divide or split up n. 段；部分vi. 分割vt. 分割l screw skru: n.1. someone who guards prisoners2. a simple machine of the inclined-plane type consisting of a spirally threaded cylindrical rod that engages with a similarly threaded hole3. a propeller with several angled blades that rotates to push against water or air4. a fastener with a tapered threaded shank and a slotted head5. slang for sexual intercoursev.1. have sexual intercourse with2. turn like a screw3. cause to penetrate, as with a circular motion 4. tighten or fasten by means of screwing motions5. defeat someone in an expectation through trickery or deceit n. 螺旋；螺丝钉；吝啬鬼vt. 旋，拧；压榨；强迫vi. 转动，拧l portion p:n, pu- n.1. something determined in relation to something that includes it 2. something less than the whole of a human artifact3. the allotment of some amount by dividing something4. assets belonging to or due to or