外文翻译--带式输送机保护装置的应用及发展.doc

附录A带式输送机保护装置的应用及发展引言带式输送机是在厂矿企业中广泛应用的一种物料输送设备，主要由输送带和驱动电机以及支承设备、控制和保护装置等组成。通常由若干条带式输送机互相级联交叉组成一套完整的输送系统，实现物料的长距离输送。带式输送机的运行状况直接关系到生产过程中设备和人员的安全。如何使带式输送机保护装置高效、可靠、稳定地在生产运行中充分发挥作用有着十分重要的现实意义。本文讨论的对象主要是拉绳开关、跑偏开关、打滑开关、撕裂开关、料流开关、堵料开关等带式输送机的一次保护装置。1 应用现状及存在的问题1.1 拉绳开关拉绳开关是用于带式输送机紧急停机的一种现场操作保护装置。目前广泛应用的拉绳开关一般为无源机械式双向拉绳开关，主要有旋转式凸轮结构和移动式凸轮结构两种。由于旋转式凸轮结构的拉绳开关摆杆旋转时动作行程大、灵敏度高且不易卡死，故目前被更多地采用。拉绳开关按照一定间隔（约40m）固定安装于带式输送机两侧支架上，相互之间系上拉绳。紧急情况下，可以在带式输送机沿线任意位置拉动拉绳，触发开关动作实现紧急停机。拉绳开关动作后的复位方式分为自动复位和手动复位两种。拉绳开关通常都有常闭、常开接点各1个，一般使用常闭接点。由于拉绳开关数量较多，为了节省电缆，通常一条带式输送机所有拉绳开关的常闭接点串联后接入带式输送机的分合闸控制回路；对于很长的带式输送机，有时采用将沿线拉绳开关分段分组接入的方式。1.2 跑偏开关跑偏开关是用于检测带式输送机运行过程中输送带跑偏程度并进行报警的一种保护装置，有时也用于在输送带严重跑偏时自动触发紧急停机。目前广泛应用的跑偏开关一般为无源机械式两级跑偏开关。跑偏开关按照一定间隔（约50m）固定安装于带式输送机两侧支架上，跑偏开关的滚轮部分在受到偏离中心运转的输送带的边沿挤压后产生偏转，当滚轮偏转到一定角度时触发开关接点动作。通常一条带式输送机所有的跑偏开关常闭接点串联后接入带式输送机的分合闸控制回路或者报警指示装置中；对于很长的带式输送机，有时采用将沿线跑偏开关分段分组接入的方式。1.3 打滑开关打滑开关是用来检测输送带与传动滚筒之间的滑动并进行报警的一种保护装置，可用于在输送带发生打滑时自动触发紧急停机。打滑是一种较为严重的故障现象，原因可能是超载、输送带受卡阻、断带、滚筒卡死、驱动电机转速异常等等，如不及时停机可能引起设备严重损坏、火灾以及人身伤害等严重事故。打滑开关的种类比较多，工作原理和检测方法也各有不同。比如按照检测方法划分，有直接检测输送带速度并与设定的标准速度比较的触轮式打滑开关，有检测从动轮转速并与设定的标准转速比较的打滑开关，有同时分别检测滚筒转速和输送带速度并进行比较的对比式打滑开关；按照内部工作原理分，有磁阻式、磁电式、光敏式等等。部分打滑开关装置还能够实时提供输送带线速度或滚筒转速的信号显示和输出。1.4 撕裂开关撕裂开关是检测输送带纵向撕裂并报警的一种保护装置，可用于在输送带发生撕裂时自动触发紧急停机。大部分撕裂发生在输送带尾部落料斗出口，由于物料中的大块硬物卡在落料斗出口而刮伤甚至刮穿输送带，有些撕裂的发生常常是由于输送带支架和托辊变形等原因造成的。按照不同的检测手段和工作原理划分，有安装于输送带下方的光电式和导电橡胶式撕裂开关；有安装于输送带下方的拉线式开关；有安装于输送带尾部落料斗出口的挡板式撕裂开关；此外，还有振动感应式撕裂开关等等。1.5 料流开关料流开关是检测输送带上是否有物料的保护装置，有的产品可区分不同流量大小，在流量超大时还可以提供超载报警。料流开关有时还用来触发降尘除尘设备如水喷淋装置和除尘器等联锁工作。按照不同的检测手段和工作原理划分，主要有安装在输送带上方的悬臂式或链锤式料流开关、安装在输送带下方的称重式料流开关两种。1.6 堵料开关堵料开关是安装在落料斗或储料仓内检测料位的一种保护装置。带式输送机系统中两条输送机之间通常是通过管状落料斗连通，运行中当落料斗出口因各种原因受堵时物料会很快堵满整个落料斗乃至大量溢出。在落料斗的中上部位置安装堵料开关可以在堵料事故发生的初期报警并可自动触发紧急停机，从而避免大量堵料造成的输送带打滑、驱动电机过载等严重后果。堵料开关按照不同的检测手段和工作原理划分，主要有阻旋式、射频导纳式、电极式、音叉式、活动挡板式、负压式等多种形式。2 问题总结从调查情况可以看出，大部分产品在实际应用中都存在不少问题，国内产品长期以来缺乏改进也使得很多问题一直没有得到彻底解决。多年来，国产品牌相互之间低价竞争导致了产品质量和售后服务质量都不能令用户满意，而煤炭、电力、石化、港口等行业的用户对设备的性能和质量要求很高，他们常常宁可花几倍甚至十几倍于国内产品的价格选择国外进口品牌产品。总体来说，国内带式输送机保护装置产品存在功能单一、性能落后、结构复杂、外形粗糙、可靠性差等缺点。高端产品市场基本被国外品牌瓜分，国内尚没有具备较强竞争力和影响力的品牌。另外，缺少行业标准也是国内带式输送机保护装置产品质量良莠不齐的一个重要原因。事实上，带式输送机保护装置产品的市场需求十分巨大，国内厂家只要改变观念，狠抓质量，充分利用最新技术，根据市场需求不断开发出新的产品，必定可以抢回国外品牌占领的高端市场。3 改进及发展方向结合近年来出现的一些新技术和新产品的应用情况看，带式输送机保护装置有以下发展趋向。第一，发展带式输送机综合保护自动化系统。发展智能化保护装置，使现场保护装置具备通信功能；应用通信和地址编码技术，集中对安装在现场的整个带式输送机系统的所有保护装置进行监视和控制，实现远方状态显示以及远方复位等功能。带式输送机综合保护自动化系统与带式输送机控制系统互相连接通讯，参与到整个带式输送机控制系统的逻辑控制过程中，可充分发挥保护装置的作用。目前已经出现的带式输送机保护系统主要侧重于集中通信和信号采集功能，各个现场保护装置的智能化开发和应用比较少，有部分厂家采用单片机技术开发了智能式拉伸开关、智能式跑偏开关等.第二，发展一体化、小型化带式输送机保护装置。结构紧凑、安装简便、性能可靠、免维护是未来各种状态检测装置发展的必然方向。第三，应用新的检测技术和检测手段，针对当前带式输送机保护装置使用过程中的缺点和不足，开发更能有效反映输送机运行状态的、性能更为可靠和稳定的保护装置。针对实际应用中接触式测量方式存在的缺点，可以尽量采用非接触式测量技术手段，以减少对现场工艺流程的影响，并可以大大延长保护装置的使用寿命、减轻检修维护的负担，如非接触型的感应式跑偏开关和感应式料流开关等。针对一般打滑开关不能全过程检测输送带打滑的不足，可以采用同时检测带式输送机的主动轮滚筒、从动轮滚筒以及输送带的运行速度是否一致的方式，检测输送机从启动到运行、到停止的全部过程中输送带的不同位置是否发生打滑。针对料流开关只能单点测量的缺点，可以将皮带秤的实时流量和带速以及物料流向相结合，在工业控制计算机的人机界面上通过软件技术合成与现场相一致的流量动态曲线，更为形象具体地显示现场输送带的物料的流量流速以及不同位置的物料多少。 以上分别从功能、结构、性能等方面探讨了带式输送机保护装置的发展方向。有不少厂家已经开发出了一些功能先进的产品，但是要能够获得市场认可还必须提高产品质量、加大推广力度。总而言之，带式输送机保护装置的发展必须要、也必然会与检测技术、通信技术以及自动化控制技术的发展紧密结合。4 结束语目前我国厂矿企业正处在从粗放型向集约型、从劳动密集型向技术密集型模式转变的过程之中，如何在减少人员投入的情况下，又能保证生产安全、增加效率和效益、提高自身的市场竞争力，是摆在每个企业面前的一个重要课题。包括带式输送机保护装置在内的状态检测装置的改进必定能够提高厂矿企业设备运行的可靠性、稳定性，并最终体现为生产效率的提高。附录BApplication and development of the conveyer protectorForewordThe bringing type conveyer is that a kind of supplies employed in the industrial enterprise extensively transport the apparatus, mainly made up of conveyer belt and driving the electrical machinery and supporting the apparatus, control and protector,etc. Usually one grade of antithetical couplets make up an intact conveyer system alternately each other by several strip type conveyers, realize the transport at a long distance of the supplies.The operation conditions directness of the bringing type conveyer concerns the security for producing apparatus and personnel in the course. How make conveyer protector of bringing etc. high-efficiently and reliably and steadily in produce operate, functioning, having important realistic meaninging very fully.The target that this text discusses is mainly a pull switch, run, lean towards switch, skid switch, tear, split open, imprison, material flow switch, stop up material switch first protector of conveyer of bringing etc.Current application situations and existing problem.Pull switch used for person who bring conveyer first kind of emergency shutdown operate protectors live. The pull switch employed extensively at present is generally a passive machinery type two-way pull switch, mainly have rotating type two kinds cam structure and portable cam structure. Movement journey loud, the sensitivity is high and difficult to be seized rotate, because of cam pull switch pendulum rod of structure of rotating etc., so adopted more at present.Pull switch fixed to install on conveyer both sides support of bringing etc. according to certain interval (about 40m), tie and draw the rope each other. Under the emergency, can arbitrary seat pulls and plays the rope in conveyer of bringing etc., touch off switch movements and realize emergency shutdown. The way of restoring to the throne after the movements of the pull switch is divided into and reset automatically and is restored to the throne two kinds manually.Pull switch usually often closes, often turns on each one in the joint, use and often close the joint the same. Because there is more quantity of pull switches, for save cable, one strip type conveyer all pull switch close joint insert person who bring divide-shut brake of conveyer control the return circuit connect in series, often usually; As to long conveyer of bringing etc. very, adopt, divide into groups the way to insert by stage along the line pull switch sometimes.1.2 Run and lean towards the switchRun, lean towards switch used for, measure conveyer operation course of bringing etc. conveyer belt run intensity of leaning towards and go on a kind of protector that call the police, used in touching off emergency shutdown automatically when the conveyer belt simply runs seriously too sometimes. What employ extensively runs and leans towards the switch and generally runs and leans towards the switch for passive machinery type two grades at present.Run and lean towards the switch to install fixedly on the bringing type conveyer both sides support according to certain interval (about 50m), run gyro wheel part to lean towards switch deviate from border of conveyer belt that centre turn round produce the deflection pinch, touch off the joint movements of the switch when it is transferred to certain angle that the gyro wheel leans towards.Usually one strip to run, lean towards switch close joint insert person who bring divide-shut brake of conveyer control return circuit or call the police, point out device connect in series, often all conveyer; As to long conveyer of bringing etc. very, adopt, run, lean towards switch divide into groups in the way to insert by stage along the line sometimes1.3 Skid turn on or offSkid switch to used for, measure conveyer belt with transmission sliding of cylinder and go on a kind of protector that call the police, can be used in touching off emergency shutdown automatically when the conveyer belt skids. It is a kind of comparatively serious trouble phenomenon to skid, the reason may overload, the conveyer belt is hindered, taken brokenly by the card, the cylinder is seized and urging the rotational speed of the electrical machinery to unusually wait a moment, for instance may cause serious accidents such as serious damage of the apparatus, fire and bodily injury,etc. if not shutting down in time。Kinds of the switch are many to skid, operation principle and detection method have nothing in common with each other. Divide according to detection method, have, measure conveyer belt pace and touching, skidding switching while being wheeled compared with standard pace established directly, measure from the rotational speed of the driving wheel and switch of skidding compared with standard rotational speed established, have difference measure cylinder rotational speed and conveyer belt pace and contrast type compared to go on skid switch at the same time; Divide according to internal operation principle, there are magnetism hindering types, magnetic electricitying type, photosensitive type,etc. Skid switch device can offer, transport signal with linear velocity or rotational speed of cylinder reveal and export in real time also partly.1.4Tear and split open and closeIt is to measure a longitudinal a kind of protector that tore and called the police of conveyer belt to tear and split open and shut in, can be used in touching off emergency shutdown automatically when the conveyer belt is torn. Majority tear, take place, in conveyer belt tail clan hopper export, scratch, blow, wear conveyer belt even because the heavy hard things in the supplies are blocked and fallen in the hopper exit, it is with support and asking the reason out of shape of the roller to cause that some emergence that tear is often sent.Divide according to different detection means and operation principle, have, install on transport with below photoelectricity type and conductive rubber type tear, split open, imprison; Install and draw the line type switch in the conveyer belt low; Have, install on conveyer belt tail clan hopper export blocking modes in Chinese operatic music tear, split open, imprison; In addition, there are vibration reaction types that are torn and split open and shut in etc.1.5 The material flows and turns on or offMaterial flow switch to measure conveyer belt pay, have protectors of supplies, some products can distinguish different flow size, can also offer and overload to call the police when the flow is oversize. Material flow switch used for, touch off dustfall cleaner such as water spray equipment and dust remover,etc. interlock and work also sometimes.Divide according to different detection means and operation principle, have, install in transport with top cantilever type or chain hammer type material flow switch, install material two kinds of switches shed in conveyer belt low person who weigh mainly.1.6 Stop up the material switchStop up material switch to install in hopper of falling or store material measure material a kind of protector of location in the storehouse. Conveyer system of bringing etc. two conveyer fall through tube hopper feed through usually, supplies will stop up full to set the hopper and even overflow in a large amount entirely quickly when falling in the hopper exit and is stopped up for various reasons operate. In fall upper position install, stop up material switch can stop up material to be that accident happen to call the police and can touch off emergency shutdown automatically initial stage in hopper, thus the conveyer belt preventing a large number of pieces of material from causing skids, drives serious consequences such as the overload of the electrical machinery,etc.Stop up the material switch to divide according to different detection means and operation principle, have, hinder person who fasten mainly, radio frequency lead person who receive, electrode type, tuning fork type, activity block modes in Chinese operatic music, negative pressure type various forms.2 questions are summarizedFrom investigate situation may find out the majority of product store problems in of practical application, domestic products lack, improve, make a lot of problems not solved completely for a long time. For many years, domestic brand low price competition cause product quality and after sale service quality can make user to be satisfied each other, and performance and quality to the apparatus of user in the coal, electricity, petrochemical industry, port,etc. are expected very much, they would rather often spend several times even price in the domestic products of more than ten times choosing the foreign imported brand products.On the whole, person who bring conveyer protector products have function single, performance lag behind, structure complicated, appearance coarse, dependability shortcoming such as being poor at home. The advanced product market is basically dismembered by foreign countries brand, there is not a brand with stronger competitiveness and influence yet at home. In addition, it is a very different important reason of bringing type conveyer protector product quality at home too to lack the sector standard.In fact, the bringing type conveyer protector market demand of the products is very enormous, the domestic producer only changes the idea, take charge of quality severely, fully utilize the latest technology, developing the new products constantly according to market demand, can certainly reseize the advanced market that the foreign brand is being captured.。3 improve and developing directionAccord with some application situations of new technologies and new products presented in recent years and see, the bringing type conveyer protector has the following developing trend.First, the development bringing type conveyer protects the automated system synthetically. Develop the intelligent protector, make the on-the-spot protector possess the communication function; Employ communication and address code technology, concentrate on to install whole of person who bring in scene conveyer protectors of systems monitor and control, realize the function of restoring to the throne in the status display of distant place and distant place etc.Second, development integrates, the miniaturization bringing type conveyer protector. Structural compac