Argument闪光句型.docx

Argument闪光句型1. The mere(纯粹的，起码的，仅仅的) fact that ticket sales in recent years for screenplay（电影剧本）-based movies have exceeded those for book-based movies is insufficient（不足的，不够的） evidence to conclude(show, prove, illustrate（举例说明）, demonstrate(证明，论证，示范) that writing screenplays now provides greater financial opportunity for writers.A这个事实（概念）并不足以证明B这个事实（概念）2. It is possible that fees paid by movie studios for screenplays will decrease in the future relative to those for book rights.3. The argument fails to rule out(划去，排除，取消) the possibility that a writer engages in（参加，使从事于）both types of writing as well as other writer.这个论述并没有排除。的可能性4In any event(无论如何), the advertisement provides no justification(理由) for the mutually（互相地，互助）exclusive（排外的，独占的，唯一的）choice that it imposes on（利用，欺骗，施加影响于）the writer.5 The argument simply equates(treat) success with(as the indication of) movie ticket sales, which is unwarranted（无根据的，无保证的）.作者简单的把A和B划上了等号（简单的把A等同于B）6 The author assumes (make assumption) that physical capabilities are the only attribute（品质，特征，属性） necessary to operate a motor vehicle.作者假定物理性能是对运转机动车所必须的唯一属性。7Moreover(此外), the author provides no evidence that the realism（现实主义） of color photography（摄影，摄影术） is the reason for its predominance（优势）. 此外，作者没能提供证据证明A就是B的原因。8This assumption presents（提出，呈现，介绍） a false dilemma(进退两难的局面，困难的选择), since the two media are not necessarily mutually exclusive（互斥的） alternatives（事物，二中择一，可供选择的办法）.9Common sense（常识） tells us that a photographer can succeed by working in both media. 常识告诉我们。（不理性的，最好不用）10The argument ignores the factorssuch as initiative（主动）, creativity（创造，创造力）, technical skills, and business judgment（判断）that may be more important than the choice of medium（媒体） in determining success in photograph.11. The major problem with the argument is that the stated（定期的，一定的）similarities（类似，类似处）between Company A and B are insufficient to support the conclusion that Company A will suffer（遭受，经历，忍受）a fate similar to Company B s. 12. Consequently, the mere fact that Company A holds a large share（份额） of the video-game hardware and software market does not support (支持，拥护) the claim that Company A will also fail. 仅此是如下的事实，并不能支持如下的主张13.Thus, the author unfairly assumes that highly-rated public television programs are necessarily widely viewed, or popular.14.While this may be true in some cases, it is equally possible that only companies with products that are already best-sellers can afford the higher ad rates that popular shows demand. 这一点在某些情况下是真实的，但同样有可能在别的相反的情况下成立，作者的推理并不是唯一的15.Admittedly(公认地，诚然，无可否认的), the vice presidents reasoning linking employee benefits with company profits（利润，益处） seems reasonable on the surface. 16.One can infer（推断） from the surveys results that a full one-third of the respondents（回答者）may have viewed the current（当前的，现在的，最近的，草写的，通用的） benefits package unfavorably（不适宜地，不利地）. 我们可以从调查的结果推出。（和作者不同的结论，削弱作者的论述）17Lacking(缺乏的，不足的) more specific(明确的，特殊的) information about how these other employees responded, it is impossible to assess（估定，评定）（evaluate(评价，估计), judge（鉴定，判断，断定，认为） the reliability(可靠性) of the surveys results or to make an informed（见多识广的） recommendation（推荐，介绍信，劝告，建议）. 18It is unlikely that the brief（摘要，大纲） one-week periods（周期） under comparison（比较，对照） are representative（代表） of longer time periods.19If so（假如这样的话）, even though（即使） 3 percent more accidents occurred（发生，出现） after the change, the authors (arguers) argument that changing the speed limit increases danger for drivers would be seriously weakened. 假如是。作者如下的观点也会大大的削弱20.The editorial（社论）fails to take into account(重视，考虑) possible differences between East and West Cambria that are relevant（有关的，相应的） to how drivers react to（与。起反应） speed-limit changes. （此句用于攻击错误类比时使用（false analogy ）21In addition(另外), while it is true that many voters（投票者） change their minds several times before voting, and that some remain undecided（未定的，不稳定的） until entering the voting booth（货摊，售货亭，棚）, this is not true of everyone. 一方面，。是有道理的，但这个道理不一定适合每个人 （用于攻击草率推广中的绝对化词汇）22. Without knowing the extent and nature of the damage resulting（作为结果的，因而发生的） from the bad publicity（公开） or the reason for the violation（违反，妨碍，侵害，违背）, we cannot accept the authors conclusion.23. The authors proposal（提议，建议） is inconsistent（不一致，不协调的，矛盾的） with the authors conclusion about the consequences（结果） of adopting（采用，收养） an ethics（偶尔，道德规范） code.24. To begin with（首先，本来）, the author fails to consider health threats（威胁，凶兆） posed（形成，引起，造成，摆姿势，洋装） by incinerating（把。烧成灰，烧弃） trash.25. The authors conclusion（结束，结论，缔结） that switching（开关，转换，配电系统） to incineration（烧成灰，焚化） would be more salutary（有益的） for public health would be seriously undermined.26. However, this is not necessarily the case.27. The authors implicit（暗示的，盲从的，含蓄的） claim that incinerations are economically advantageous（有利的） to landfills（垃圾，垃圾掩埋法=trash）is poorly supported.28. Consequently, unless the author can demonstrate that the city will incur（招致） expenses（费用，开支） that are not covered by the increased revenues（收入，国家的收入，税收） from these projects, the authors concern about these issues is unfounded（没有理由的，未建立的）.因此，除非作者能证明。否则作者的这些担心是没有根据的（UNLESS A，B（否定结构 ），）29First of all, while asserting(断言，声称) that real incomes are rising, the author provides no evidence to support this assertion.30. But no evidence is provided（倘若） to show that this explanation is correct.31. Moreover（而且，此外）, the author fails to consider and rule out other factors that might account for（说明，解决） proportional（成比例的，均衡的） decrease in spending on food. 32.The author ignores other likely benefits（possible factors）of agricultural technology that affect food pieces only indirectly or not at all. 作者忽略了有可能出现的好处 （作者考虑问题没有考虑正负得失）33.In the first place, a great deal of empirical（经验主义的，完全根据经验的） evidence shows that sequels（结局） are often not as profitable（有利可图的） as the original movies.34. However, unless the original cast（演员表） and production team are involved（棘手的，有关的） in making the sequel, there is a good chance it will not be financially successful. 然而，除非。否则很有可能。会发生35.Since the difficulties inherent（固有的，内在的，与生俱来的） in this process（过程，作用，方法，程序，步骤） make it hard to predict（预知，预言，预报） whether the result will be a success or a failure, the conclusion that the sequel will be profitable is presumptuous(武断的).36.This assumption overlooks other criteria（标准） for determining a bridges importancesuch as the number of commuters（通勤者，经常往返者） using the bridge, the role of the bridge in local emergencies（紧急事件，紧急需要） and disasters, and the impact（影响，效果，冲突，碰撞） that bridge closure（关闭） would have on the economies of nearby cities.37. Without such evidence, we cannot accept the authors conclusion that no government funds（资金，基金） should be directed toward maintaining（维持，维修，供养） the Styx River bridge. 没有这样的证据，我们不能接受作者的结论38.The fact that the nearby city has a weakening（弱化） economy does not prove that the city will not contribute significantly（意味深长地，值得注目地）to tax（对。征税）revenues. A不能说明B39. Substantiating（证实，使实体化） this assumption requires examining the proper（正当的，固有的，适当的，正确的，特有的） duty of government.40. Accordingly（因此，从而）, this assumption is simply an unproved claim.因此，这个假定只是一个未经证实的主张41.The author is presenting a false dilemma by imposing(强加（壮丽的，使人难忘的）) an either-or（只能二选一的）choice between two courses of action that need not be mutually exclusive. 见8条42.It is equally possible that legislators（立法者）can address（演说，向。致辞，） both areas of concern(（利害）关系，关注，涉及) concurrently（并发地，一致地）.43.The argument relies（依赖于，信赖）on the assumption that the legislators in question(所讨论的) have the opportunity to address urban（城市的）crime（犯罪，犯罪行为） problems.44.Finally, the author unfairly trivializes（使平凡，使琐碎） the severity（严肃，严格，严重，激烈） of rural（乡下的，田园的，生活在农村的） crime by simply comparing it with urban crime. 论者无理的轻视了。（小看了。；不重视。）45.It is possible that the sales trend（倾向，伸向） in a particular（特别的，特殊的，详细的，独特的） location（场所，位置，特定区域）is not representative（典型的，有代表性的）of sales in other regions（地区，区域，地方，领域）.46.However, the author fails to acknowledge（承认） and rule out other possible causes of such accidents.47.A third problem with the argument is that the statistical evidence upon which it relies is too vague（含糊的，不清楚的） to be informative（提供情报的）.48.If the subjects for the study were randomly（随便的，未加计划的） chosen and represent（表现，描绘，象征，扮演，回忆） a diverse（不同的，变化多的）cross（相反的，交叉的） section of the population of shampoo users, the results will be reliable（可靠的，可信赖的） regardless（不管，不顾，不注意） of the number of participants（参与者，共享者）.49.Experience alone is far from being enough to guarantee（保证，担保）minimized（将。减到最小）processing（处理）costs（成本，价钱，代价）.50.Given(赠予的，特定的，假设的) that Olympic Foods does benefit from（受益于） lowered processing costs due to（由于，应归于） its years of experience, the prediction（预言，预报） about maximum profits is still in lack of solid（可靠的） ground（范围）.51.Any adverse（不利的，敌对的，反对的）change in those factors will have negative impact（对。发生影响）on the companys profitability（收益性，利益率）.52.Contingencies(偶然事件) such as market changes, competition, material and labor（劳工） costs, legislative（立法的，立法机关（的） moves, and the national or international economic cycle can all lead to dropping profit.53.Opening subsidiaries（辅助的，补充的）may just coincide（一致，符合）with changes in the above mentioned（提及，说起，论及）factors and the consequent（作为结果的，随之发生的） impact on the companys profitability.54.Comprehensive（全面的，广泛的）analysis is necessary to identify（确定，识别，鉴别） the actual cause(s) of the companys lowered profitability. 全面的分析是必要的，以便确定。结果的真正原因（攻击“没有考虑其他可能的因素”的时候使用，原因可能是一个或者多个）55.The other premise（假定，提论，预述）in the argument that centralization（集中，中央集权化）would improve（改善，改进）profitability lends little support to the argument because its own credibility（可信性）is suspect（令人怀疑的，不可信的，可疑的）.56.There is no data available, however, to support any causal relation between the number of people watching TV programs about the visual arts and the number of people visiting art museums.57.We do not have any evidence suggesting that the increase or decrease of the number of TV program viewers will cause the likewise（同样地） increase or decrease in the number of museum visitors, or vise（签证，签准） versa.58.The statistics offered in the announcement（宣告，公告）warrants（保证，担保） only the conclusion that the decline of The Mercurys circulation（循环，流通，发行量）and the alleged（声称的，所谓的） competitor（竞争者）, the lower-priced newspaper The Bugle, coexisted（共存）in the past five years. 这段论述中所提供的证据，只能支持如下的结论（可能作者的结论作出限定后是成立的） （在攻击类似“结论放大了”的时候用）59.Any further linkage（联接）of these two phenomena（现象）requires more evidence and is not justified（证明。是恰当的）by the data so far available.60.Therefore, any decision aimed at addressing the problem of falling circulation must be based on more thorough（十分的，彻底的）investigation（调查，研究）to gather（集合，聚集）sufficient（充分的，足够的）data in order to narrow down and locate（定位）the actual cause(s) of the problem.任何指在解决。问题的决定都必须基于更彻底的调查以便获得充分的数据来（限定）缩小这个问题真正的一个或多个原因61.There is also the possibility that The Mercurys declining circulation has little to do with The Bugle.62.Since the arguer makes a claim about workers in general, the workers sampled for the survey should be able to represent all workers.63. From the survey quoted(引用，引证，提供，提出) in the argument, however, we find no sign of such procedures for random sampling（随意取样）, and have good reason to doubt if the sample is representative enough to reflect the general attitudes of all workers as a whole（总体上）.从这段论述所引用的调查来看，我们找不到任何有关随机取样的调查程序的迹象，怀疑调查，抽样调查的代表性来反应。（用于攻击“调查类的问题”）64.When samples are used to make general claims about a particular group, the samples should be close enough in time to the generalization(一般化，普通化，概括) they are used to support, so that historical changes will not invalidate（使无效）the generalization. 当抽样调查被用来对一个特定的群体做出一般的概括的时候，那么这个样品要在抽样的时间上尽可能接近这个你要用来支持的一般性的结论，以便历史的改变不会使这个概括无效。 （要在调查的时间上尽可能接近，实用性不强）65If this will be the case, then the increasing number middle-aged people in the future will not necessarily mean the likewise increase of business volume(销售量) in department stores.66.Opinions should be judged by their own merits（优点，价值）, and should not be dismissed merely because they are voiced by a few people.67.To find the exact cause or causes of economic ups or downs（盛衰，沉浮）, examination should be applied to all factors that have significant（有意义的，重要的） impact on the economy.68.Since no effect was made to gather information about the spending amounts of the shoppers who had not read the ad in Gazette（报纸，政府的公报，（大学的）学报）, the possibility cannot be excluded（排斥，把。排除在外） that the average amount spent by a shopper did not vary significantly, whether the shopper had read the ad or not.69.Without further investigation any claims made about the effectiveness（效力） of the radio ad are doubtful even though the caf did observe a better business.70. The fact that the student performance improved（改良的） after the application of interactive computer instruction does not necessarily imply（暗示，意味） that the new teaching method is responsible（可靠的，可信赖的，有责任的，负责的）for the achievements.如下的事实不一定意味着。（同38句，也是一个万能句型）71.Factors such as funds, computer skills of teaching staff（教职人员）, relative importance of other teaching objectives all have some bearing on（有关，瞄准，对。施加压力） the extent of the use of computer-aided（半自动的）instruction.72. Economy, as we know, is influenced（影响，改变） by the combination of a host（主机）of factors, local, national and international, political, social, and technological.73. But we are told nothing about the way the poll（民意测验，选举之选票）was conducted and how well it represented the public opinions. 可是我们没有被告知任何这个抽样是怎么做的，以及它能够有效的代表什么， （对调查结果正确性的攻击，可用此句型）74.But the problem is that the two situations are not similar enough to justify（证明。是正当的）the analogical deduction（类比推理）. 这个问题是这两种情形，不具有足够的相似性来使得作者的类比推理成立 （false analogy）75. According to the memo, companies are urged to follow this code, but there is no evidence whatsoever(无论如何) to show any serious commitment（许诺，委托事项） on the part of those companies other than their overt（明显的，公然的） agreement to abide by（坚持，遵守）it.76. The argument provides no direct information as to the degree to which the publics demand for restaurants is satisfied by the supply from the industry.77. There is no evidence whatsoever to indicate that the water is solely（独自地，单独地） responsible for the health condition of the local people.78. But any conclusion at this stage is premature（未成熟的，太早的，早熟的） in absence of a comprehensive examination of the schools educational competence（能力）.79.This observed phenomenon（现象）, actually, says little more than that these two events are synchronic（同时发生的）to each other and that is all.80. It does not naturally warrant the conclusion that movie violence has significantly contributed, and thus is causal to, the increased urban crimes in real life.81.In this argument the arguer concludes that the Appogee Company should close down field offices and conduct all its operations from a single, centralized（集中的，中央集权的） location because the company had been more profitable（有利可图的）in the past when all its operations were in one location.82.For a couple of reasons, this argument is not very convincing.83.The arguer employs two lines of reasoning to reach this conclusion.84.In addition, the arguer reasons（说服，劝说，推论） that 15-year-olds are physically（身体上的） more capable than older drivers of performing the various skills associated with driving a vehicle and thus should be eligible（符合条件的，合格的） to get a license.85.The arguer draws the conclusion that photographers who work in color hold a competitive（竞争的） advantage over those who work in black-and-white.86.To support this conclusion, the arguer claims that the greater realism（现实主义） of colored photos accounts for its predominant（卓越的，突出的，主要的，有影响的） use in magazines and portraits（肖像，人像）.87.This editorial asserts that West Cambria should not change its highway speed limits because such changes adversely（逆地，反对地） affect driver alertness（警戒，机敏） and are therefore dangerous.88.To support this claim, the editorial cites（引用，引证） statistics indicating（指示，标志） that whenever（只要） East Cambria changed its speed limits, an average of 3 percent more automobile accidents occurred（发生，出现） during the week after the change than during the week preceding（在前的，前述的） it, even when the speed limit was lowered.89.As it stands（按照现在的情况，事实是这样）, this argument suffers from（忍受，遭受） three critical flaws（瑕疵，缺点，裂纹）.90.In this argument, the planning department of an investment firm reaches the conclusion that the firm should encourage investment in Solarioa new manufacturer of solarpowered（太阳能） products（产品）.91. The basis for this recommendation is the expectation that solar energy will soon become more cost efficient and attractive than other forms of energy.92.This assumption is based on recent declines in（衰退） the cost of equipment used to convert（使转变，转换。，转换信仰） solar energy into electricity and on new technologists that are being develo