浙江大学远程教育_英语报刊选读作业.doc

英语报刊选读作业作业一第一讲：Introduction to American and British Publication掌握程度：了解A. Multiple Choices.1 Which of the following publication has a slogan “All The News Thats Fit To Print”?A) New York Times2. Which of the following publication conducted Watergate investigation, which played a major role in the undoing of the Nixon presidency?C) Washington Post3. Which of the following news agencies is in the US?C) UPI4. Which of the following newspapers is sometimes referred to as Americas newspaper of record?A) New York Times 5. Where is the Asian Wall Street Journal based?B) Hong Kong 6. Since 1927, _ has chosen “The Person of the Year” annually - a man, woman, or idea that for better or worse, has most influenced events in the preceding year. C) Time 7. Which of the following is regarded as a quality newspaper?A) The Daily Telegraph8. Which of the following is a weekly magazine?B) U.S. News & World Report 9. Which magazine gives an annual list of the 500 largest companies in the United States?C) Fortune10. Which of the followings are American publications? (多选)A、D、E、H、IA) Readers DigestB) EconomistC) FinanceD) National GeographicE) NewsweekF) The Spectator G) NatureH) FortuneI) TimeB. Read the following statements and decide whether they are true (T) or false (F). 1. Articles in Readers Digest cover a range of topics, including politics and government, health, international affairs, business, education and humor. 2. The Christian Science Monitor is a daily international newspaper aimed at religious propaganda. 3. Time is known for its characteristic yellow border.4. Time, Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report are all weekly U.S. news magazines.5. The Financial Times is a broadsheet quality newspaper in the U.K. 6. The Times is an international business newspaper printed on distinctive pink broadsheet paper. 7. All the fourteen Pulitzer prizes in journalism are given in the form of money.8. The Wall Street Journal is a daily business and financial newspaper edited in New York City and sold throughout the United States. 9. Los Angeles Times conducted Watergate investigation in the early 1970s, which played a major role in the undoing of the Nixon presidency. 10. The Guardian takes an independent liberal stance in its editorials. T F F T T F F TTT作业二第二讲： Some concepts in English JournalismTypes of JournalismStructure of English News Reporting掌握程度：了解并初步应用；分析判断；扩展1. Give the definition of the following terms.1) Featurea prominent or special article, story, or department in a newspaper or periodical.2) editorialan article in a publication expressing the opinion of its editors or publishers.3) op-edof or being a newspaper page, usually opposite the editorial page, that features signed articles expressing personal viewpoints4) inverted pyramidThe inverted pyramid is a traditional form of writing in which the news is stacked in paragraphs in order of descending importance. The lead summarizes the principal items of a news event. The second paragraph and each succeeding paragraph contain secondary or supporting details in order of decreasing significance. All the paragraphs in the story contain newsworthy information, but each paragraph is less vital than the one before it. Inverted-pyramid form puts the climax of a story at the beginning, in the lead.5) leadA lead is a terse opening paragraph that provides the gist of the story and invites readers inside. 2. What is the difference between hard news and soft news?Hard news events, such as killings, and speeches by leading government officials, are timely and are reported almost automatically by the media. Soft news events, such as a car wash by a fourth-graders to raise money for a classmate with cancer, are not usually considered immediately important or timely to a wide audience. These events still contain elements of news, however, and the media often report them. 3. What is the difference between news and features?A news story emphasizes the facts of the event, while the feature displaces the facts to accommodate the human interest of the story. 4. What are the major criteria for newsworthiness?Proximity Prominence Timeliness Impact Conflict and Controversy Uniqueness Human interest 5. What are the principles of news writing?News writing tends to be:1. Impersonal to make it appear objective (to distance the reporter from the story) hence: Written in the third person Use of direct speech or indirect speech which is attributed to someone other than the reporter, Some use of passive verbs but usually only when someone who is being quoted wants to distance themselves from an issue and to show objectively about n issue. 2. About something that has taken place so mostly written in the past tense. 3. Simple In fact close to the way we talk relatively short sentences and words and some use of clichs which the whole audience understand. 4. Punchy it must grab the readers attention so often uses: short rather than long words active verbs relatively short sentences concrete rather than abstract vocabulary sometimes emotive and colorful vocabulary some use (but not overuse) of adjectives 5. But also relatively formal hence: no use of contractions sentences written in full (no elision) or elliptical sentences 6. sometimes imagery is used to help create a clearer mental picture for the reader.7. often including the reporters by-line and/or a date-line6. Read the following headlines and analyze the features of the language they use.1) More Iraqis Said to Flee Since Troop RiseWhen passive voice is used in headlines, “to be” is always omitted. Here “are” in “More Iraqis are said to flee” is omitted. Nouns and noun phrases are often used in headlines to save space. Noun phrases which actually express actions or state are heavily used, and they are derived from verb phrases in order to make the sentences more compact and save space without lowering the amount of information conveyed. Instead of “since the troop rises”, noun phrase “troop rise” is used. 2) Insurgent raid kills 22 villagersMost headlines use the present tense-despite the fact that they generally describe past events. The present tense gives the subject a sense of freshness and immediacy, making it more interesting to read. Instead of using “killed”, “kills” is used to describe what happened in the past. Besides, the article “An” in “an insurgent raid” is omitted. 3) Bangladesh Sets Curfew To Curb Student ProtestsShort words (i.e. midget words) are often used to conserve space in headlines, for example, “curb” in this headline. Besides, present tense “sets” is used to describe a past event. 4) Storm Death Toll in Midwest Climbs1. Compact noun phrases are often used in headlines to save space. 2. Most headlines use the present tense-despite the fact that they generally describe past events.5) Wall Street slightly lower as credit worries lingerRhetoric devices often used in the writing of newspaper headlines. In this headline, Wall Street refers to the stock exchange, which is a metonymy. Another rhetoric device used here is rhyme (Correspondence of terminal sounds of words or of lines of verse), as we find in lower and linger. 6) China launches crackdown on inferior goods, unsafe foodIn order to conserve space in headlines, comma is sometimes used to replace “and”.7) China to become U.S. third largest export market by year endIn phrase headlines, infinitives are sometimes used to indicate a future action or event. 7. What do the following abbreviations and acronyms stand for?1) CPPCCChinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference中国人民政治协商会议2) NASANational Aeronautics and Space Administration(美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局3) IMFInternational Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织4) WHOWorld Health Organization 世界卫生组织5) DJIDow-Jones Index 道琼斯指数6) PMprime minister首相；总理8. Read the following news story and answer the following questions.1. What is the headline of the report?Sprawl puts houses in hot zones2. What is the subheading of the report?Lack of fire hydrants a growing problem3. What is the byline of the report?By Joseph GidjunisUSA TODAY4. What is the dateline of the report?Salisbury, Md9. Directions: Read the following news report and answer questions. Q1: What is the headline of this news report? Saudi King to allow women to vote in local electionsQ2: What is the dateline in this news report? Riyady, Saudi ArabiaQ3: What is the byline in this news report? The Associated PressQ4: What is the summary lead of this news report? And identify the 5 Ws and H in the lead. The first paragraph:Saudi King Abdullah announced Sunday that the nations women will gain the right to vote and run as candidates in local elections to be held in 2015 in a major advancement for the rights of women in the deeply conservative Muslim Kingdom.WHAT: the nations women will gain the right to vote and run as candidates in local electionsWHEN: in 2015WHERE: Muslim KingdomWHO:Saudi King AbdullahHOW: in an annual speech Q5: Explain what the inverted pyramid is by analyzing this news report. An inverted pyramid is a traditional form of writing in which the news is stacked in paragraphs in order of descending importance. The lead summarizes the principal items of a news event. The second paragraph and each succeeding paragraph contain secondary or supporting details in order of decreasing significance. All the paragraphs in the story contain newsworthy information, but each paragraph is less vital than the one before it. Take this news report for example, the writer first presents the most important details of the bombing, including the time, the place, and the casualty. Then the writer goes on to less essential information, such as the other violence and the background.课文部分作业作业三第一单元：社会群体Lesson 1 For Many Generation Xers, Job Loyalty is Getting Stronger1. The survey dispels the myth that this generation is not loyal, said Sheila Wellington, president of Catalyst, the research group that conducted the study. A) drives away 2. But GenXers are attracted to their organizations for utterly traditional reasons.C) completely 3. Still, Catalyst and other research organizations that have studied Generation X caution that this age group has high demands for employers that, if not met, could prompt employees to depart, downturn or not.D) warn 4. employers have worked hard at retaining good workers in recent years as labor shortages intensified. C) keeping5. There are a lot of seeming myths and assumptions about 26- to 37-year-olds. A) presuppositionsLesson 3 How to manage an ageing workforce 1. One of the side-effects of the Second World War was the most momentous social change of the past half-century.A) important 2. Because it is far larger than the generation that follows itor any that preceded itit casts a shadow over the companies it is set to leave behind.D) went before3. Their productivity may decline as they get older although people gain in experience, their capacity for sharp thinking falls off but the traditional pattern of retirement, in which one day an employee is in a bustling office busy as a bee and the next he is good only for the potting shed and the fireside chair does not make sense for the economy, for companies or for people.B) energetic4. This social upheaval may be quieter than the last one they were responsible for, but its consequences will be more profound and longer-lasting. D) disturbance 5. There are several ways of dealing with a falling supply of labor: work might be shifted offshore, to take advantage of abundant cheaper workers in poorer countries; laxer immigration rules might allow in more skilled labor from abroad; new equipment could enhance the productivity of a better-educated workforce.A) not strict Additional Reading I 阅读以下的报道，并回答文后题目。1. When and why is a border wall to be built between Mexico and Texas?1. The border wall is planned to be built this fall to stem illegal immigration into America.2. Why do some people strongly oppose the building of a border wall in southeast Texas?2. Landowners are concerned it may cut across their property, conservationists see it destroying crucial riverside habitat, and some activists see it inflaming ethnic tensions.3. What is the significance of the embrace of two mayors on the Paso del Norte Bridge?3. It is an expression of friendship between two mayors, two cities and two countries. 4. What is the major argument for building a border wall?4. The border wall is needed to help block the swelling tide of illegal immigration as well as widespread drug and gun smuggling.5. Why do so many Mexicans flee to the US, according to the news?5. Because the Mexican government has failed its own people and Mexicans were forced to go north seeking jobs because of the poverty they faced at home.作业四第二单元 政治体制 Lesson 6 Full of sound and fury 1. Unlike most political messages, these were turgidly written, scrupulously accurate and did not cost the candidates campaign a penny.A) carefully 2. Mr. McCains attacks on Mr. Obama focus on his slender rsum, his dodgy associates and the possibility that he will raise taxes.C) dishonest3. however, Mr. McCain has not gone after Mr. Obamas former pastor, Jeremiah Wright, of “God damn America” fame, perhaps for fear of being branded a racist.A) described 4. But predictions of impending violence are unfounded.D) going to happen soon 5. Mr. Obamas ads attack Mr. McCain for the many ways he plans to make life wretched for nearly everyone.A) miserableLesson 8 Travel can help mend a fractured world 1. Increasingly, our government finds itself at odds with the rest of the globe.C) in disagreement with2. Huge military costs abroad, skyrocketing security costs at home and the loss of trade as American goods become shunned overseas are an economic drain, the brunt of which well all bear.C) increasing 3. Huge military costs abroad, skyrocketing security costs at home and the loss of trade as American goods become shunned overseas are an economic drain, the brunt of which well all bear.D) avoided 4. Travel gives us a perspective that can translate, through the voting booth, into American policies that will not alienate us from the family of nations.B) distance5. Thoughtful travel becoming a temporary local to really get a break from our cultural norms shows us how the world sees America.C) standard作业五Lesson 10 Family-Unfriendly Policies 1. The stable family of two biological parents - surprise, surprise! - turns out to be the ideal vessel for molding character, for nurturing, for inculcating values, and for planning for a childs future.A) shaping 2. Children in mother-only families are more likely than those with two parents to be suspended from school, to have emotional problems, to become delinquent, to suffer from abuse, to take drugs, and to perform poorly on virtually every measure.C) guilty of misdeed 3. Federal aid should give incentives for couples to form and sustain healthy marriages, not encouragement for single parenthood and non-marital birth.D) maintain 4. Social service benefits that phase out fairly quickly after marriage, for example, can actually create a marriage penalty.A) increase5. But the bulk of the nations most intractable social problems would benefit from tempering that trend by nurturing the American family.A) main partAdditional Reading 阅读以下的报道，并回答文后题目。More Young Men Opt to Live With Parents1. According to the report, why do more young people choose to remain living with their parents?1. Because of the recession and poor private housing prospects in the early 1990s.2. How does the traditional American culture view maleness and adulthood?2. The traditional American culture thinks of maleness and adulthood in terms of separation, particularly in moving away from home and mother.3. What effect(s) will the current trend bring to the family?3. This could lead to rises in family tension and even violence, but it may also improve relationship by giving children the chance to see their parents as independent adults rather than just as parents.4. What should parents do to adjust to this social trend?4. Parents should allow their children to behave as adults in a family home. 5. Will new housing benefit restrictions on unemployed people aged under 25 orient them for marriage, cohabitation or independence?5. No. It is found that the benefit was not a factor in encouraging young single people to leave home for private accommodation. Even those entitled to it often did not claim. 作业六第四单元 文教卫生Lesson 14 College Ranking 1. In the mid-1990s, Cornell University purged its alumni lists of former students who didnt graduate or whose mailing addresses were unknown a tool to hike its percentage of alumni giving in the rankings, according to Cornell economist and former vice president Ronald Ehrenberg.D) release 2. In the mid-1990s, Cornell University purged its alumni lists of former students who didnt graduate or whose mailing addresses were unknown a tool to hike its percentage of alumni giving in the rankings, according to Cornell economist and former vice president Ronald Ehrenberg.D) raise 3. According to Ehrenberg, one president of a flagship public university confided that he might be forced to solicit more applications from less-qualified students, so the college can turn them down, thus making it appear more selective.B) ask for 4. Since