（通用版）高考英语一轮复习 第1部分 基础知识解读 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars教师用书 新人教版必修3.doc

unit 4astronomy：the science of the stars.写作单词会拼写1systemn系统；体系；制度2theory n.学说；理论3crash vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落4pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力5floatvi.&vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n.漂浮物6violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n.暴力violently adv. 猛烈地7like prep.像unlike prep.不同；不像dislike vt.&n.不喜欢8harm n.害处vt.对有害harmful adj.有害的9exist vi.存在；生存existence n.存在10puzzle vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题puzzled adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的11gentle adj.温和的；文雅的gently adv.温柔地；温和地.阅读单词要识记12astronomy n天文学13atmosphere n.大气层；气氛14fundamental adj.基本的；基础的15chain n.链子；连锁；锁链16gravity n.万有引力；重力17satellite n.卫星；人造卫星高频短语会默写1in time及时；终于2be harmful to/do harm to对有害3in ones turn轮到某人；接着4prevent.from阻止；制止5cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋6now that既然7break out突发；爆发8watch out for密切注意；当心；提防9lay eggs下蛋10give birth to产生；分娩11block out挡住(光线)教材原句会背诵句式仿写能应用1.the earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.(whether.or not 是否)1.他们是否能够通过交流达成协议还不清楚。its not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not.2.this produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.(make it adj.to do sth.)2.这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找到一份好工作。the girl knows three foreign languages，which makes it easier for her to find a good job.3.but when i tried to step forward，i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(“倍数as形容词/副词原级as”倍数表达法)3.新技术被引进后，这个工厂2016年生产的机器的数量是去年的两倍。after the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many machines in 2016 as last year.精讲 4个考纲单词 harmful adj.有害的高考佳句many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.(2015年江苏高考阅读理解b)生产过程中产生的许多废料也是有害的。(1)be harmful to sb./sth.对某人/某物有害(2)对某人有害(3)做某事没有坏处some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very harmful to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。if you want to solve the problem in this way，there is no harm in calling him.如果你想以这种方式来解决问题，你不妨给他打个电话。链接写作一句多译众所周知，过量喝酒对你的健康有害。what is known to us is that drinking too much is harmful to your health(harmful)it is known to us that drinking too much does harm to your health(harm) exist vi.存在；生存高考佳句if it werent for rachel carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.(2016年全国乙卷阅读理解)如果不是因为rachel carson，今天的环保运动就可能不存在。(1)exist/live on sth.靠某物生存exist in存在于there exist(s).有/存在(2)in existence现存的；现有的come into existence产生；存在you cant imagine what difficulty they have existing on the money hes earning.你无法想象他们靠他挣的那点钱维持生活是多么的困难。scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist)关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种理论。 puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n. (游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜教材原句 how life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)a puzzle一件(让人感到)困惑的事情be in a puzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好(2)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的puzzled adj.迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about对迷惑不解what puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.令我百思不解的是他为什么没有告诉任何人就离开了这个国家。where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle to us.失联飞机去了哪儿对我们来说仍是个谜。the puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzled about the puzzling math problem.(puzzle)她困惑的表情暗示了她对那个令人困惑的数学问题迷惑不解。【导学号：30892074】 pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力高考佳句on a family car trip，her aunt dede pulled out a copy of harry potter，as a surprise for her niece.(2016年四川高考完形填空)在一次家庭汽车旅行中，她(lainey)的姑妈dede拿出一本哈利波特，作为令她侄女惊奇的东西。pull down 拆毁；摧毁pull in (车辆)进站停靠；靠边停靠pull out 驶出；拉出；拔出pull through 康复；痊愈pull up (使)停住whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial；people are still looking for other possible solutions.这个区域的建筑物是否需要拆毁还存在争议；人们仍旧在寻找着其他可能的解决方法。we waved as the train pulled out of the station.火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.每个人都很关心他是否能痊愈。链接写作句式升级the train has pulled in(已进站停靠)and the passengers are boarding it now.the train having pulled in，the passengers are boarding it now.(独立主格结构)诠释3个核心短语 in time及时；终于；迟早高考佳句as a proverb goes“where there is a will，there is a way.”our efforts will pay off in time.(2014年山东高考书面表达)常言道，“有志者，事竟成”，我们的努力迟早会有所回报。(1)in no time 立刻；马上at no time 决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装结构)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时from time to time 有时；偶尔(2)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来kill time 消磨时间well have that leak fixed in no time.我们马上就把那个漏洞补上。at no time did they actually break the rules of the game.it was unfair to punish them.(2013年辽宁高考单项填空)他们确实没有违反比赛规则。惩罚他们是不公平的。at the same time，we are going to bring along about five hundred books with us for your class.(2015年天津高考书面表达)同时，我们将为你们的中文班带去大约500本图书。 in ones turn 轮到某人；接着经典例句thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。(1)in turn依次；轮流；反过来by turns轮流；交替地(2)take turns to do sth.轮流做某事it is ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。i think its my turn to drive (drive) the kids to school this week.我想这周该轮到我开车送孩子们上学了。链接写作句式升级people try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this in turn creates more problems(反过来造成更多的问题)people try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problems(定语从句)【导学号：30892075】 cheer up (使)高兴；(使)振奋；感到高兴；感到振奋经典例句i do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely!我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！(1)cheer sb.up使某人振作起来cheer sb.on(比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer for为而欢呼(2)cheers!口语(用于祝酒)干杯！when im feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。lets go to the football game and cheer for our favorite team.咱们去看足球比赛，为我们最喜爱的球队呐喊助威。突破2个高考句型 (教材p26)this produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。“make it adj./n.to do sth.”中，it 为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。“find/think/feel/consideritadj./n.to do sth.” it 为形式宾语，动词不定式为真正的宾语。people in the west make it a rule to buy christmas presents for their relatives and friends.在西方，人们常在圣诞节时购买礼物给亲属和朋友。they made itclear to the public that they did an important and necessary job.他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。链接写作一句多译精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。mastering the technology makes it possible for us to use the internet more effectively.(不定式作宾语)mastering the technology makes it possible that we can use the internet more effectively(从句作宾语) (教材p31)but when i tried to step forward，i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。twice as far as.是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是的两倍远”。英语中常见的倍数表达法：abe倍数asadj./adv.原级as babe倍数adj./adv.比较级than babe倍数the名词(size/weight/length.)of ba倍数what 从句，表示“a是的多少倍”the red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.the red ruler is three times longer(long) than the yellow one.the red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.这个红尺子是这个黄尺子的三倍长。jessica devoted twice more energy and time than she did before，so i believe she will succeed this time.杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。【导学号：30892076】多角快练练单词 练短语 练句型基础考点全面练.单句语法填空1we live in a (globe)village，but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way.2it is none of your business other people think about you.believe in yourself.3during those four years，he worked day and night，thus (improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.4i could feel the wind (gentle) blowing through my hair，it was a warm summer breeze.5the two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other.【答案】1.global2.what3.improving 4.gently5.it.单句改错1there is so much rain on the island that its annual rainfall reaches as many as sixty inches. 2youll succeed on time because you are always working hard.【导学号：30892077】 3(2015天津高考单项填空改编)the boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere that his employees enjoy their work. 4the twin brothers stood under the tree，puzzling and saying nothing. 5we recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happened. 【答案】1.manymuch2.onin3.thatwhere4.puzzlingpuzzled5.happenedhappening重难考点多维练1exist(1)单句语法填空as is known to us，china came into (exist) as an independent country in 1949.there a good way to solve the problem in geography.(exist)you cant imagine what difficulty they have existing the money he is earning.(2)高考小作文在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。the parking place for bikes in our school.【答案】existenceexists；existingonwas an existing problem for a long time2倍数表达法(1)单句改错this big stone is three times as heavier as that one. there are four times many books in our library than in yours. (2)一句多译正在为下一届亚运会建设的新体育场是现在的三倍大。the new stadium being built for the next asian games will be three times the present one.the new stadium being built for the next asian games will be three times the present one.the new stadium being built for the next asian games will be three times the present one.【导学号：30892078】【答案】heavierheavymanymoreas big as；bigger than；the size of.课文语法填空根据p2526课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。the earth was just a cloud of dust 1. future is uncertain after the “big bang”. then the dust began to settle into a solid ball which was so 2. (violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock.they were in time 3. (produce) many things，which made the earths atmosphere. as the earth cooled down, water began to appear and it allowed the earth to dissolve 4. (harm) gases. then life began to develop.many millions of years later，small plants appeared.they multiplied and 5. (fill) the oceans and seas with oxygen. land 6. (animal) followed after the first green plants appeared. then small clever animals spread all 7. the earth.humans developed new means of growing, hunting and moving around.as time went by they covered the earth. now too much carbon dioxide has been put into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from 8. (