（考前添分指导）全国高考英语 单项填空指导（精讲精析）(1).doc

单项填空题解题策略纵观近几年的高考单项填空题，我们可以发现单项填空题的内容越来越贴近学生的日常生活，语言更加灵活，考点较为明确，淡化了对语法知识机械记忆的考查，强调语言的交际功能。单项填空题目设置非常灵活，看似简单，却不容易答对，设有很多的“陷阱”使考生容易出错。因此，掌握相应的解题方法对快速、准确地答题是很有必要的。一、简化法题干中的插入语、同位语、修饰语或其他附加信息等使得句子难度增加，解题时可将这类成分删除，起到化繁为简的作用，以迅速找到解题的切入点。【考例1】 let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. (2013陕西)a. to understand b. understand c. understanding d. understood解析：介词短语in need修饰those，将其去掉，句子变为let those _ that we will go all out to help them. 不难看出本题考查let sb do sth结构，故答案为b。【考例2】 “never for a second,” the boy says, “ _ that my father would come to my rescue.” (2013江苏)a. i doubted b. do i doubt c. i have doubted d. did i doubt解析：将the boy says去掉，句子变为never for a second _ that my father would come to my rescue。可以看出本题考查倒装结构，再根据宾语从句中的时态可知应选d项。二、补全法在一些单项填空题中，题干省略了某些成分，增加了试题的难度。我们可以补全句子，使句子结构完整、语境清楚，解题也就更容易了。【考例】 there are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on. (2013浙江)a. not treatedb. not being treatedc. not to be treated d. not having been treated 解析：题干中省略了主语和be动词，如果把省略部分补全，句子应为：there are some health problems that, when they are _ in time，can become bigger ones later on. 答案为a。三、还原法高考命题常以复杂的句型来增加考题的难度，有意给学生造成理解和判断上的困难。面对这种题型，考生要能透过复杂的语言环境，结合语法结构，还原出“庐山真面目”, 这样题目就会变得简单，如将感叹句、倒装句、疑问句改为陈述句，将被动句改为主动句等。【考例】 among the crises that face humans _ the lack of natural resources. (2013上海)a. is b. are c. is there d. are there解析: 如果把题干中的倒装句改为正常语序，句子表达为：the lack of natural resources _ among the crises that face humans. 我们可以看出此题是对主谓一致的考查，答案为a。四、语境分析法近年来的高考题往往自然、巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐藏某些有效的信息。考生仅凭语法知识来判断往往很难做出正确选择，只有分析具体的语言情境，抓住隐含信息，才能找出答案。【考例】 do you think mom and dad _ late? no. swiss air is usually on time. (2013北京)a. were b. will be c. would be d. have been解析: 句意：你认为爸爸和妈妈会晚到吗？不会的，瑞士航空一向准时。 根据语境可知“爸爸和妈妈的飞机还未到”，应该用一般将来时，故选b项。五、词义辨析法名词、动词或短语动词、形容词、副词、代词等的辨析是历年高考单项填空题的考查热点。做此类题时，考生要注意对句意做出正确理解，对选项进行比较分析，从而选出正确答案。【考例】 butterflies _ a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect. (2013湖北)a. carry on b. feed on c. put on d. focus on解析：该题考查“动词+on”构成的短语动词辨析。carry on继续; feed on以为食；put on穿上，上演; focus on集中于。句意：蝴蝶以花蜜为食，这些花蜜是蜜蜂和其它昆虫采集的。根据句意选b。六、关键信息提示法解答单项填空题时，应特别留意题干中的关键词语，这些词语揭示了答题的关键信息。例如时态题中表示时间的关键词、倒装句中位于句首的关键词以及引起句子使用虚拟语气的词等。【考例1】 eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old. (2013浙江)a. was b. be c. were d. is解析：题干中recommend是答题的关键，其后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气(谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可省略)，故答案为b。【考例2】 im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. could you tell me more about it? (2013安徽)a. advertised b. had advertised c. are advertisingd. will advertise解析：此题的关键信息是the other day，通常与一般过去时连用，故选a。七、句子结构分析法对长难句的句子结构分析也是考点之一。做题时要分清是简单句还是复合句，判断出句子是否缺少成分，然后根据相关的语法知识做出正确的选择。【考例】 he may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team. (2013辽宁)a. in which case b. in that case c. in what case d. in whose case 解析：分析句子结构可知：he may win the competition是主句，_ he is likely to get into the national team是定语从句。 答案为a。此题如果不分析句子结构，很容易误选b项；如果选b项，句子应为：he may win the competition, and in that case he is likely to get into the national team.八、注意固定搭配(固定句型)固定搭配和固定句型是单项填空考查的热点，考生在英语学习过程中要多积累多记忆，此类试题就会很容易地解决。【考例】 tony can hardly boil an egg, still _ cook dinner. (2013全国)a. less b. little c. much d. more解析：still less为固定搭配，表示“更不用说，何况”，前面常与否定词连用。答案为a。九、排除思维定式干扰有些单项填空题利用常见短语、结构或句型等来设置解题陷阱，若考生不注意分析句子结构，不弄清句子的意思就轻率作答，很容易犯错。因此，对于那些看似容易的题不要急于作答，而应把握全句含义，避开命题人设置的陷阱。【考例】i stopped the car _ a short break as i was feeling tired. (2013山东)a.