（考前添分指导）陕西省高考英语 任务型阅读指导（精讲精析）(1).doc

任务型阅读解题指导陕西省高考英语试卷阅读部分第二节任务型阅读，俗称“六选五”（以下简称“六选五”）。该题考查考生在阅读过程中概括段落主旨的能力。考生在应试中如何快速理清文章脉络、准确概括段落主旨是在这一题目上取得理想成绩的关键所在。一、“六选五”的试题要求与完成该题应具备的语言能力“六选五”是自2010年起陕西高考英语阅读部分采用的一个阅读新题型。该题要求考生从阅读细节信息入手，通篇把握文章的结构脉络，在获取细节信息的基础上，根据文章的篇章与段落结构，从所给的六个备选主旨概括选项中选出与文章各段落相匹配的主旨概括选项，是对考生语篇综合理解能力和归纳概括能力的考查，要求考生具备获取细节信息、理清文章脉络、概括段落主旨的能力，是从篇章的角度对考生阅读能力的一种综合性考查。二、“六选五”的命题特征2010-2013“六选五”信息统计表年份2010201120122013文章体裁说明文说明文说明文说明文文章题材社会文化社会文化社会文化社会文化文章话题送礼幽默演讲技巧养宠物是否有标题有无无无段落数5575文章词数396370414388选项词数40633042总词数436433444430注：文章词数包括标题和题目数字序号，但不包括中文注解；选项词数包括选项序号。从上面的统计表可以看出：近四年 “六选五”命题特征比较稳定，所选用的文章体裁都是说明文，文章的题材都属于社会文化类，文章所涉及的话题广泛。如果再从近四年 “六选五”的文章结构、内容和所提供的选项进行进一步的分析，还可以总结出这一题型其它的一些共性：该题所选文章以方法指导、问题分析、事实阐述等形式对某一话题展开说明，话题贴近学生生活，文章内容新颖、积极，健康向上，具有一定的科学性、时代性及教育性；文章总体上难度适中，主题明确，行文结构比较清楚，各个段落的词数大体均衡，每段意思明确、独立；要求概括主旨的各个段落之间多为平行关系，但段落间也可能是转折或递进关系。三、2013年陕西高考英语“六选五”解析根据短文内容，从下框的a-f选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。a. adults keep pets with their children.b. pet-keeping has a very long history. c. pet-keeping may do harm to animals. d. people keep pets for their aesthetic need. e. caged pets become increasingly popular. f. pet-keeping is helpful for childrens growth.61. pet-keeping is a time-honoured tradition. one of the reasons for people to raise dogs or cows was usefulness. while people in the past hunted animals and kept them in their backyards, the civilised man today is less cruel towards them and is less exploitative (利用的).62. we keep animals as pets because they are attractive. we all have the urge to possess something that has aesthetic (美学的) value, and that is why we treasure paintings or fine furniture. keeping pets is one form of this urge. a siamese cat in the house can be a decorative object. pets are playful animals and they amuse us. a little rabbit amuses us by its playful and lively runs.63. many parents find it helpful to have pets in the house for their children. having pets is an excellent way of developing in children the love of animals and responsibility. children get the opportunity to take on full responsibility for another creatures life. it will be an educational experience for a child to watch the natural life cycle of an animal. there are psychological (心理的) benefits for children. pets are welcome friends for children who are lonely. pets are excellent companions. keeping pets means giving love and being loved. we find comfort in giving care and receiving care in return. we get pleasure from their appearance and their behaviour.64. as more people move into apartments, there are limitations on keeping of animals like dogs and monkeys. therefore, caged animals have increased in popularity. birds fall into this group. we keep them for their beautiful songs and feathers. fish-keeping is a widespread hobby and the keeper can observe their behaviour in the glass tank and study its entire life cycle. the cat is a fine house pet and it fits neatly into human habitation (居住地) without requiring its own cage. they are wonderful hunters, if there are rats around.65. pets satisfy mans desire to care for a bit of nature. the pet owner has the responsibility for supplying those needs that nature provides. pets are amusing and entertaining, but we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment. are we not enslaving (奴役) them?话题与篇章结构感知：考生可以从方框中所给的选项入手来确定文章的主题。所给的六个选项中都出现了“pets”，并且其中的五个选项中都出现了“keep”，由此可以推断本文的话题是饲养宠物。再从选项的对比分析可知本文应该是说明文体，主要说明了人类饲养宠物的历史、原因、益处、危害等情况。61. b。第一段第一句就提到了“pet-keeping is a time-honoured tradition”，这里的“tradition”与历史有关，接着又提到“people in the past”和“the civilised man today”，综合上面的信息可知本段主要说明了人类饲养宠物有悠久的历史，所以本段的主旨大意应该是b选项。62. d。由本段的第二句和第三句，特别是第二句中的关键信息“has aesthetic value”可知本段主要说明了人类饲养宠物是为了满足美学需求，所以本段的主旨大意应该是d选项。63. f。本段第一句是该段的主题句，提到饲养宠物对孩子有益处，段落中的其它部分是对主题句作进一步说明，如“developing”，“responsibility”，“educational experience”，“companions”等重要信息词。这些信息词有助于概括出“饲养宠物对孩子的成长有益处”这一主旨，所以本段的主旨大意应该是f选项。64. e。由本段中的第二句“therefore, caged animals have increased in popularity”可以判断本段的主旨是笼养宠物越来越流行，该句后的其它部分是对这一主旨的展开说明，所以本段的主旨大意应该是e选项。(注意本段第二句中的“increased”和“popularity”与e选项中的“increasingly”和“popular”分别互为同根词) 65. c。由本段倒数第二句中的“but we are in a way doing animals harm by making them live in a human environment”和最后一句可知本段主要说明了饲养宠物有时会给它们带来伤害，所以本段的主旨大意应该是c选项。另外，从文章的脉络来看，文章是围绕着“人类饲养宠物有悠久的历史人类饲养宠物以满足美学需求饲养宠物对孩子的成长有益处笼养宠物越来越流行饲养宠物有时会给它们带来伤害”这一线索展开说明，前四段之间是平行关系，前四段与第五段之间是转折关系。四、“六选五”的解题方法与技巧1. 阅读方框中所提供的选项，推测文章主旨。在完成这一题目时，考生应先浏览方框中所提供的选项或文章的题目，由选项或文章题目确定文章的话题和主旨，利用这些信息激活与文章主题相关的背景知识，同时根据所提供的选项去推测文章的结构，预测所要概括主旨段落之间的逻辑关系。2. 逐段阅读文章，初步确定每个段落的主旨。读每段话时，要注意其中的关键信息句与关键信息词。阅读时应综合考虑整个段落，要能准确迅速提取出概括主旨的信息，初步确定一个能概括该段主旨大意的选项。3. 在确定了某一个段落的主旨大意后，可对这个选项作出标记，以免在选择其它段落主旨大意时再次阅读这一选项，以节省时间。如果不能确定某一段落的主旨大意时，可先确定其它段落的主旨大意，然后采用排除和对比分析的方法排除干扰选项，选出正确答案。干扰选项往往以过度概括、概括不全、错误概括和无中生有等方式对正确答案形成干扰。4. 在完成所有选项的选择后，再次浏览全文，通篇考虑文章脉络和各个段落之间的逻辑关系，最终确定每一个段落的主旨大意，确保答案准确无误。五、“六选五”的复习与备考策略1. “六选五”