陕西省咸阳市高考英语阅读理解（21）.doc

陕西省咸阳市2014高考英语阅读理解（21）及答案 【2014高考英语吉林省实验中学一模试题】“a good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right” says mollie hunter. born and brought up near edinburgh，mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young people. she firmly believes that there is and should always be a wider audience for any good book whatever its main market is. in mollies opinion it is necessary to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story，which is what every writer should be doing. “if you arent telling a story, youre a very dead writer indeed.” she says. with the chief function of a writer being to entertain，mollie is indeed an entertainer. “i have this great love of not only the meaning of language but of the music of language,” she says. “this love goes back to early childhood. i had a school teacher who used to ask us what we would like to be when we grew up and，because my family always had dogs，and i was very good at handling them，i said i wanted to work with dogs，and the teacher always said nonsense，mollie；dear，youll be a writer. so finally i thought that this woman must have something，since she was a good teacher and i decided when i was nine that i would be a writer.”this childhood intention is described in her novel，a sound of chariots，which although written in the third person is clearly autobiographical (自传体的) and gives a picture both of mollies ambition and her struggle towards its achievement. thoughts of her childhood inevitably (不可避免地) brought thoughts of the time when her home was still a village with buttercup meadows and strawberry fieldssadly now covered with modern houses. “i was once taken back to see it and i felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my childhood. ill never go back，”she said “never. when i set one of my books in scotland” she said “i can recall my romantic feelings as a child playing in those fields，or watching the village blacksmith at work. and thats important because children now know so much so early that romance cant exist for them, as it did for us.”60. what does mollie hunter feel about the nature of a good book?ait should not aim at a narrow audience.bit should be attractive to young readers.cit should be based on original ideas.dit should not include too much conversation.61. in mollie hunters opinion，which of the following is one sign of a poor writer?abeing poor in life experience.bbeing short of writing skills.cthe weakness of description.dthe absence of a story.62. what do we learn about mollie hunter as a young child?ashe didnt expect to become a writer.bshe didnt enjoy writing stories.cshe didnt have any particular ambitions.dshe didnt respect her teachers views.63. whats the writers purpose in this text?ato share her enjoyment of mollie hunters books.bto introduce mollie hunters work to a wider audience.cto provide information for mollie hunters existing readers.dto describe mollie hunters most successful books.【参考答案】【参考答案】60-63 adab 阅读理解课堂练学案（18）passage fourteen (pageants)pageants are usually conceived on a fairly large scale, often under the auspices of some local or civic authority or at any rate in connection with local groups of some kind. this sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.most pageants have a historical flavour as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy. research among archives and books in the public library will probably prove very useful and produce some workable ideas which will give the production an especially local flavour. from the first economy will have to be practiced because there are usually a great number of people to dress. leading characters can be considered individually in the same way as when designing for a play; but the main body of the performers will need to be planned in groups and the massed effect must be always borne in mind.many pageants take place in daylight in the open air. this is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. no longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers. very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes. the location needs to be studied and then a decision can be made as to what kinds of colors and textures will harmonize best with the surroundings and conditions and then to carry this out as far as possible on the funds available.if money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion. when there is little or no money at all, the garments need to be reduced to the basic necessities. cloaks and shawls become invaluable, sheets and large bath towels and bath sheets are admirable for draping. unwanted curtains and bed spreads can be cut to make tunics, robes and skirts. these are particularly valuable if they are of heavy fabrics such as velvet or chenille.colors should be massed together so that there are contrasting groups of dark and light, this will be found to help the visual result substantially. crowds of people gathered together in a jumble of colors will be ground to look quite purposeless and will lack dramatic impact.the use of numbers of identical head-dresses, however simply made, are always effective when working with groups. if these are made of cardboard and painted boldly the cost can be almost negligible. helmets, hats and plumes will all make quite a show even if the costumes are only blandest or sheets cleverly draped. the same can be said of the use of banners, shields and poles with stiff pennants and garlandsanything which will help to have a unifying effect. any kind of eye-catching device will always go with a flourish and add excitement to the scenes.1. the main idea of this passage isa. pageants. . costumes on the stage.c. costumes for pageants. d. how to arrange a pageant.2. it can be inferred that the most important factor in costume design is a. money. . color. c. harmony d. texture3. why will much ingenuity have to be required in costume design?a. because pageants take place in daylight in the open air. because different characters require different costumes.c. because the colors and textures must be in harmony with the setting.d. because an allocation of the funds available is usually rather small.4. why do most pageants have a historical flavour?a. because most pageants take place for celebration. many pageants take place for amusement.c. a lot of pageants take place for religion.d. because pageants usually take place for competition.vocabulary1. conceive 设想，想象 to be conceived 设想好的，构思好的2. under the auspices of 在的主办下3. meager 贫乏的，不足的4. mount 登上，制作，上演5. flavour 风味，风格，情趣6. archive(s) 档案（馆）7. distraction 使人分心的事8. ivy 常春藤9. mellow 柔和的10. recourse (to) 依赖，求助于 11. drape 覆盖，披上12. invaluable 无价的，非常贵重的13. tunic （古时）长达膝盖的外衣，穿在盔甲上的战袍14. chenille 绳绒绒（织品）15. jumble 混乱，搞乱16. pennant 细长三角旗17. garland 花环，花冠难句译注1. this sometimes means that there is an allocation of funds available for the purpose of mounting the production, though unfortunately this will usually be found to be on the meager side and much ingenuity will have to be used to stretch it so that all performers can be adequately clothed.结构简析 复合结构。that是主句的宾语从句，从句后再有从句。参考译文 这种情况，有时就表示有一个可用于演出目的资金配额。遗憾的是配额一般都少而不足，就得动用非常之才能细细的使用金额，使所有的演员都能穿上合适的戏装。2. most pageants have a historical flavour as they usually come about through the celebration of the anniversary of some event of historic importance, or the life or death of some local worthy.结构简析 主从句参考译文 大多数露天演出都带有历史情调，因为这些戏一般是通过庆祝某个重大的历史事件，或庆祝当地某个值得纪念的人诞辰或逝世周年而产生的。3. this is an entirely different problem from designing costumes which are going to be looked at under artificial lighting; for one thing, scenes viewed in the daylight are subject to many more distractions. no longer is everything around cut out by the surrounding darkness, but instead it is very easy to be aware of disturbing movement in the audience of behind the performers.结构简析 复合结构：主句this is后有定语从句，which修饰costumes。从句中又套从句。参考译文 这和人为灯光下看的设计服装完全不一样。首先，白天看到幕景易于受许多因素影响，不再能用一片漆黑的环境把周围的一切隔开，而是相反，演员后和观众中有点纷乱的动作，很容易看到。4. very theatrically conceived clothes do not always look their best when seen in a daylight setting of trees, verdant lawns and old ivy-covered walls; the same goes for costumes being worn in front of the mellow colors of stately homes.结构简析 并列句，中用分号隔开。第一句中有when seen 连词+过去分词，实质起从句作用。第二句是主从句。参考译文 设计出的非常具有戏剧性效果的服装，在光天化日，有树木，有绿茵茵的草地，又有爬满常春藤的古老围墙的背景下，经常看起来是不起眼：在堂皇的住宅四周一片和色调前，所穿的服装效果同样不太好。5. if money is available to dress the performers without recourse to their own help in the provision of items, it is best to arrange for all the cutting and pinning together of the costumes to be done by one or two experienced people than to be given out to the groups and individuals for completion.结构简析 条件句，主句为逻辑主句，注意中间两个被动不定式。to be done by, than to be given out, 这里的than起连词作用。参考译文 如果有钱可以为演员着装而不用求助自己供应种种物件，那么最好把所有的戏装的裁减和缝制交给一，两个有经验人去干，而不是让群体演员和单个演员去完成。写作方法与文章大意文章论述露天演出的服装问题，由于露天演出不同于室内，剧院内演出，要从各个方面考虑服装问题，才能获得应有的舞台效果。作者从资金多少，地方色彩，露天，白天，颜色搭配等方面来论述服装。写法多种，有因果，对比，举例等。答案祥解1. c. 露天演出的服装。第一段末尾已经点明，“一般认为露天演出规模宏大，常常是由某个地方或当局（民政局主办赞助），或总是和某个地方集团有关。这意味着有用于演出目的资金配额，遗憾的是配额一般很少，必须动用非常的才能，细细的使用资金，所有演员才能窗上恰当的服装。”其他各段各有重点，但都是服务于剧装这一中心。a. 露天演出。 b. 舞台剧装（包括剧场）。 d. 如何安排露天演出；涉及面或大或小，不适合。2. c. 和谐。服装设计中最重要的因素是和谐。这一点在几段中都提到，第二段最后一句“演员的主题必须以群体设计，头脑中必须经常记住群体效果。”第三段最后一句“必须研究演出的地理位置，决出什么样的颜色和织物，能和环境，条件，达到最完美和谐。”第五段专讲颜色搭配，“应当从总体考虑颜色，这样才有亮和暗的群体对比，帮助产生实感的视觉效果，一群穿着杂七杂八颜色服装的演员聚集在一起看起来乱哄哄。缺乏戏剧效果。”这也是和谐之要求。a. 钱。钱要考虑。出前两段外，第三段最后一句，讲完和谐后，也提到“尽可能以能到手的资金加以实现这决定。”第四段中“在钱很少或是没有钱的情况下，服装得降到基本需要”，下面就讲利用被单，浴巾，窗帘做服装，所以钱在服装设计中很重要，但不能列为最重要因素，有钱没有钱都得以服装协调为主。 b. 颜色。d. 织品。同样都的服从和谐这一前提。3. d. 因为能得到资金的配额都很少。第一段最后一句话，见第一题译注。a. 因为在光天化日下演出。 b. 因为不同演员要求不同服装。 c. 颜色和织物必须和布景谐调。这些只是考虑的因素。见上面译文。4. a. 因为大多数露天演出都是为纪念庆祝。第二段第一句“露天演出一般都是某个具有历史意义事件，或者当地某个值得纪念的人物的诞辰和逝世周年，所以大多数露天演出都具有历史纪念色彩。”b. 许多露天演出是为了娱乐。 c. 许多露天演出是为了宗教。 d. 因为露天演出一般是参与竞赛。三项都不对。【2013界江苏省盐城中一模】cantidepressant（抗忧郁）drugs such as prozac were viewed in the early 1900s as wonder pills that would remove depressive blues for good. but in the past five years, growing scientific evidence has shown these drugs work for only a minority of people. and now a research journal says that these antidepressants can make many patients depression worse. this alarming suggestion centres on the very chemical that is targeted by antidepressants-serotonin（血清素）. drugs such as prozac are known as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors（or ssris）. their aim is to increase the level of this “feel-good” chemical in the brain. but the new research, published in the journal frontiers in evolutionary psychology, points out that serotonin is like a chemical swiss army knife, performing a very wide range of jobs in the brain and body. and when we start changing serotonin levels purposely, it may cause a wide range of unwanted effects. these can include digestive problems and even early deaths in older people, according to the studys lead researcher paul andrews. “ we need to be much more cautious about use of these drugs,” says andrews, an assistant professor of evolutionary psychology at mcmaster university in ontario, canada. previous research has suggested that the drugs provide little benefit for most people with mild depression, and actively help only a few of the most severely depressed. famous psychologist irving kirsch has found that for many patients, ssris are no more effective than a placebo pill. a research in 2010 on danish children found a small, but significant, increase in the risk of heart problems among babies whose mothers had used ssris in early pregnancy. the key to understanding these side-effects is serotonin, says andrews. serotonin is also the reason why patients can often end up feeling still more depressed after they have finished a course of ssri drugs. he argues that ssri antidepressants disturb the brain, leaving the patient an even greater depression than before. “after long use, when a patient stops taking ssris, the brain will lower its levels of serotonin production,” he says, adding that it also changes the way receptors in the brain respond to serotonin, making the brain less sensitive to the chemical. these changes are believed to be temporary, but studies indicate that the effects may continue for up to two years. most disturbingly of all, andrews review features three recent studies which, he says , show that elderly antidepressant users are more likely to die earlier than non-users, even after taking other important variables into account. one study, published in the british medical journal last year, found patients given ssris were more than 4 per cent more likely to die in the next year than those not on the drugs. “serotonin is an ancient chemical,” says andrews. “it is regulating many different processes, and when you disturb these things, you can expect that it is going to cause some harm.”stafford lightman, professor of medicine at the university of bristol, and a leading uk expert in brain chemicals and hormones, says andrews review highlights some important problems, yet it should also be taken with a pinch of salt. “this report is doing the opposite of what drug companies do,” he says. “drug companies selectively present all the positives in their research, while this search selectively presents all the negatives that can be found. nevertheless, andrews study is useful in that it is always worth pointing out that there is a downside to any medicine. ” professor lightman adds that there is still a great deal we dont know a