2014年5月北京学位英语试题及答案—阅读理解解析.docx

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试2014.05.10Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter m the Answer Sheet. Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The first year of school in America, known as kindergarten, usually begins between the ages of five and six. Among rich countries such a late start is very strange. President Obama believes it is an economic and social problem; his education secretary goes as far as to say that it is morally wrong. This statement has some support, as it is clear from research into vocabulary that youngsters from poor families enter kindergarten well behind those from rich familiesa disadvantage that usually lasts a lifetime. Children from households on welfare knew 525 words by the age of three, while the children of professionals had mastered 1,116.(76) Pre.school can help close this gap. So in a speech last month, Mr, Obama called for a partnership between the federal government and the states to expand it to every American child. It later became known that every meant those who come from families with incomes of up to 200% above the poverty lineequal to an income of $47,000 for a family of four.(77) Some critics say that sending children to school at the age of four does not work. The evidence suggests otherwise. For example, on March 20th new results were announced from a study of 9.to.l 1.year.olds in New Jersey. This report found that disadvantaged children who had attended pre.school had better literacy (读写能力), language, maths and science skills. And two years of pre.kindergarten were better than one.Some studies also follow the effects of early learning over lifetimes, such as its effect on crime rates and other factors that may eventually burden society. Critics have singled out a government scheme called Head Start, created in 1965, which provides poor households with a range of services including school.based early education.1Kindergarten in rich countries other than America usually begins at the age of _A. eight B. seven C. six D. four2According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Poor pre.school kids have a larger vocabulary than rich kids.B. President Obama believes that early education can solve all economic and social problems.C. Rich pre.school kids have a richer vocabulary than poor kids.D. President Obamas education secretary thinks it is morally wrong to let kids start kindergarten early.3Which of the following about the New Jersey study is TRUE?A. There is no evidence to support the New Jersey study.B. New Jersey has created a new Head Start to help disadvantaged kids.C. Sending children to school at the age of four is not going to help.D. Two years of pre.kindergarten were better than one.4The phrase single out in the last paragraph means _.A. choose B. think about C. count D. depend on5Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A. Secondary Education B. Pre.school EducationC. Poor Kids Education D. Rich Kids Education答案详解：1. D four第一段第一句说美国的幼儿园一般在五到六岁开始，第二句说在富裕国家里这么晚才开始是十分奇怪的，所以是在五岁以前，综合答案选择D，四岁。2. C Rich pre-school kids have a richer vocabulary than poor kids.第一第四句中提到，根据调查，贫困家庭的孩子在词汇方面要落后于富有家庭的孩子，而这种差距往往会持续一生。所以选C。3. D Two years of pre-kindergarten were better than one. 倒数第二段第三四句讲到，参加学前教育的孩子在读写能力、语言能力、数学能力和科学能力上均有更好的表现，而有两年的学前教育效果要好于一年，所以选D。4. A choose本句的句意是批评者们选择了一个叫做“头脑启蒙”政府计划来其他的选项分别都B 考虑 C计数D依赖5. B Pre-school Education本文通篇都在探讨的是学前教。A选项未提到，CD均为学前教育研究的一部分，所以选B。Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Humans may not have landed on Mars (火星) just yet, but that isnt shopping a European company from devising a plan to send four people to the Red Planet within the next few years. (78) This project, called Mars One, aims to send a small group of people to Mars in 2022 and eventually establish a permanent colony on the planet.Everything we need to go to Mars exists, said Mars One co.founder Bas Lansdorp in March 2014. We have the rockets to send people to Mars, the equipment to land on Mars, the robots to prepare the settlement for humans. For a one.way mission, all the technology exists. Yet the four astronauts (宇航员) chosen for the trip will be stuck on Marsforever. And despite Mars Ones thorough planning, there are a number of challenges that may prevent the mission from ever taking place. (79) The biggest road block could be the missions huge cost ($6 billion). However, Lansdorp is confident that Mars One will be able to fund the project by selling the broadcast rights for the mission and subsequent experiences living on the planet.Those broadcast rights will also play a part in helping to select the people who will be sent to Mars. Lansdorp said the company will hold a selection process similar to a reality show. Lansdorp is expecting at least 1 million applications from people around the world. In additon to the cost, several other potential problems could inhibit (阻止) the mission to Mars.“Its even more challenging to send people there with life support, with food, with air, with all the other things like books, entertainment, means of communication and of providing for their own resources for a long stay on Mars, said Adam Baker. senior lecturer in space engineering at Kingston University in London. The sheer size of the rockets youd need to do this would be absolutely colossal.”6. According to Project Mars One, humans could send four people to Mars within the next _ years.A. seven B. eight C. ten D. six7According to Bas Lansdorp, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. For a one.way trip to Mars, all the technology exists.B. He could not come up with the fund for Mars One.C. We humans have the rockets to send people to Mars.D. We humans have the equipment to land on Mars.8According to the passage, all the following statements are TRUE EXCEPT that _.A. a competition process will be held to select the four astronautsB. the cost of Mars One could go as much as $6 billionC. if it goes as planned, we could expect to watch Mars One on TVD.the four astronauts could return to Earth after a few years stay on Mars 9. The word colossal” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _.A. very large B. very small C. medium D. average10. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?A. Ready for a Round Trip to MarsB. Ready for a Short Visit to MarsC. Ready for a One.way Trip to MarsD. Ready for a Walk on Mars答案详解：6. B eight第一段最后一句说计划在2022年送一组人上火星，可知答案是八年，选择B。 7. B He could not come up with the fund of Mars One.第二段倒数第二句明确说明计划大约需要60亿美元。所以B选项描述有误。其他选项在第二段前半部分都有提到，即所有的条件均已具备。8. D the four astronauts could return to earth after a few years stay on Mars.文中第二段提到这是一个“one-way trip”也就是单程旅行，所以他们不能回来。9. A very large最后一段开始提到，还需要送很多东西，例如生活用品、书籍、娱乐设施等等到火星。所以火箭的体积应该是很大的。选择A。10.C Ready for a One-way trip to Mars文章通篇都是讲的到火星的单向旅行计划，其他选项均未提到。Passage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:When the United States Congress created Yellowstone National Park in 1872, the goal was to set aside a place where Americans could enjoy the beauty of nature for years to come. Now, 142 years later, there are hundreds of national parks across the country, and technology is changing the way people experience them. Should park visitors be able to use cell phones, or should their use be restricted?Connectivity presents a real challenge to all of us. Al Nash says. He is a public affairs officer at Yellowstone National Park. He says cell phone service at Yellowstone is available in parts of the park with stores and campgrounds. This makes it easy for visitors to share photos of their trip on social networking sites and to stay in touch with friends and family members. (80) If a nark visitor is hurt or in danger, cell phones make it easier to get help. Some say the ability to download applications that provide information about plants and animals in the park can enrich a visitors experience.Others say cell phones disturb peoples enjoyment of our national parks. In their view, cell phone towers are an eyesore, and theyd rather hear the sound of birds than the ring of an incoming call. Can you imagine looking out a peaceful lake or field of grass only to be disturbed by a person shouting into their phone, Can you hear me now?Nash says Yellowstone tries to strike a balance. Ultimately, our job is to let visitors understand and enjoy nature better while protecting what people find special about Yellowstone, and one of those things thats special is the ability to get away from the hustle and bustle (喧嚣) of ones daily life.11Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Which U.S. National Park Has the Most Visitors?B. Should National Parks Allow the Use of Cell Phones?C. What Did Yellowstone Do to Enrich Park Visitors Experience?D. Can Technology Transform the Way People Experience Nature?12National parks were established _.A. to show respect to former presidentsB. to raise public awareness about climate changeC. to preserve areas of nat