（通用版）高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题四 语法填空和短文改错 第三讲 语法专题 一 名词和冠词针对训练.doc

名词和冠词专项训练【名词】.单句语法填空1(2014高考安徽卷改编)why not buy a secondhand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?thats a good_(suggest)解析：句意：如果你没有足够的钱买一辆新车的话，为什么不先买一辆二手车呢？好主意。good是形容词，修饰名词，故设空处应用名词形式。答案：suggestion2while she was in paris，she developed a _(tasty) for fine art.解析：句意：在巴黎期间，她培养了对美术的兴趣。冠词a后加名词，故填taste。答案：taste3my first _(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.解析：句意：我对他的第一印象是他是一个善良且有思想的年轻人。my first修饰名词，再根据后面的谓语动词为was，故用单数形式。答案：impression4i havent seen sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed beyond _(recognize)解析：句意：从sara还是个小女孩时起，我就没再见过她，她现在已经变得让我认不出了。beyond为介词，故后接名词，并且beyond recognition为固定搭配，意为“难以辨认”。答案：recognition5the school advisers help you talk through your problems but they dont give you any direct _(solve)解析：句意：学校顾问会帮你梳理一下你的问题，但是他们不会给你任何直接的解决方法。设空处前面有动词give，故需要填一个名词来作动词的宾语。答案：solution6(2015福建福州质检改编)weve been destroying lots of forests every year.what a shame！well be the _(victim) of our own foolish behavior.解析：句意：我们每年都破坏大量森林。太可惜了！我们会成为自己这种愚蠢行为的受害者。主语we表示复数，故设空处也应用复数，故填victims。答案：victims7there are _(sign) to show that a new，different city is coming out of its dark past.解析：句意：有迹象表明一座全新的、不同的城市正摆脱它黑暗的过去。根据there are可知后面的名词需要用复数形式。答案：signs8the plan was in _(ruin) just because people were unwilling to cooperate.解析：句意：因为人们不愿意合作致使这个计划被毁坏。此处in ruins为习惯搭配，意为“毁坏”。答案：ruins9it was a difficult job for him.he had tried everything but it made little _(different)解析：句意：这项工作对他来说有点难，他做了各种各样的努力，但没有什么成效。make a difference“起作用；有影响”，此处的make little difference表示“没有多大作用”。答案：difference10the police found a few _(knife) in the thiefs room，which were used to open safes.解析：根据a few可知knife需要用复数形式，根据以fe结尾的名词变复数的规则可知knife的复数形式为knives。答案：knives.单句改错1(2015高考浙江卷短文改错)my old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass._解析：由其前的three可知，此处名词side应为复数形式，表示“教室的三面”。答案：sidesides2(2015高考陕西卷短文改错)mum taught me some basic step of baking._解析：step为可数名词，前面有some修饰，故用复数形式。答案：stepsteps3(2014高考辽宁卷短文改错)weve called several time about cleos early morning barking._解析：time在此处为可数名词，意为“次数”。由上文的several可知，此处应用复数形式。答案：timetimes4(2015福建漳浦三中调研改编)if you want to own an iphone 6 ahead，youll have to make a reserve，or you will wait for some time._解析：句意：如果你想提前拥有一台苹果6手机，你将不得不预定，否则你就要等一段时间了。根据a可知，后面应为名词。答案：reservereservation5a new study shows that if your friends and family get fat，the chance are that you will too._解析：句意：一项新的研究表明，如果你的朋友和家人变胖了，那么，你也有可能会变胖。the chances are that.意为“可能”。答案：chancechances6she said her uncle had some sheeps and five head of cattle on his farm._解析：根据句意可知，应用sheep的复数形式。根据名词复数的变化规则可知，sheep的单复数同形。答案：sheepssheep7johns and toms mother was unconscious for five hours after being admitted to hospital._解析：句意：约翰和汤姆的妈妈被接收入院后五个小时都不省人事。由题干中的was可知此处主语是单数形式，表示“约翰和汤姆共有的妈妈”，所以只在最后一个名词词尾加s。答案：johnsjohn8they told us that it was about twenty minutes walk to mikes house._解析：表示时间、距离、重量等无生命的事物的名词用s所有格表示所有关系。答案：minutesminutes9through trade and travel the europeans made contacts with the arabs of the mediterranean area and the near east._解析：句意：通过贸易和旅游欧洲人与地中海和近东地区的阿拉伯人联系起来。make contact with为固定搭配。答案：contactscontact10what fine weather！itll be a great fun to fly kites in the field._解析：fun为不可数名词，前不加不定冠词。答案：去掉a【冠词】.单句语法填空1(2015安徽合肥市三中检测改编)gottlieb daimler，_german engineer，is normally believed to have invented _car.解析：句意：通常人们认为是戈特利布戴姆勒，一位德国的工程师，发明了汽车。第一空用不定冠词a泛指“一个德国的工程师”；第二空用定冠词the特指汽车这种发明。答案：a；the2i know _maggie smith，but not _famous one.解析：句意：我认识一个叫玛吉史密斯的人，但不是那个名人。第一空用不定冠词a表示泛指；第二空表特指，指双方都知道的那个名人，故填定冠词the。答案：a；the3mum，why cant i have _new bike?dear，you know，money doesnt grow on trees.解析：句意：妈妈，为什么我不能有一辆崭新的自行车？亲爱的，你知道，钱不是树上长出来的。空格处表示泛指“一辆新自行车”故用不定冠词a。答案：a4there is no power like _power of confidence，and there is no student as competitive as _student who trusts his own abilities.解析：句意：没有哪种力量能够比得上自信心，没有学生能够胜过相信自己能力的学生。power后有限制性定语of confidence，故power表示特指，故填定冠词the；student在此泛指一个相信自己能力的学生，故填不定冠词a。答案：the；a5(2015福建福州市第八中学质检改编)tom will succeed to your property(财产) after your death，but i dont think he is _success.解析：句意：汤姆将会在你死后继承你的财产，但是我不认为他是一个成功的人。因为success在此表示一件具体的事，属于抽象名词具体化，故也用不定冠词a。答案：a6the parents were shocked by _news that their son needed _operation on his knee.解析：句意：这对父母对他们的儿子需要做膝部手术的消息感到震惊。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句，表示特指，故用定冠词；第二个泛指“一个”，故用不定冠词，且operation是以元音音素开头，故填an。答案：the；an7(2016江西南昌市八一中学月考改编)the girl was at _loss when word came that she had been disqualified from the speech competition.解析：句意：当被取消演讲比赛资格的消息传来时，那个女孩很茫然。at a loss为固定短语，意为“茫然的”。答案：a8have you got these jeans in _larger size？this pair is a bit too small around my waist.解析：句意：这些牛仔裤还有更大码的吗？这条对我的腰围来说有点小。“a 比较级”表示：比更的；“the比较级”表示：(两者中)较的。设空处表示比说话者试穿的那件更大一点儿，故与不定冠词连用。答案：a9its said that john will be in a job paying over$60，000 _year.right，he will also get paid by _week.解析：根据句意可知，第一空表示“每一、每”的概念，所以用不定冠词a；第二空by the week为固定用法，表示“按周计算”。答案：a；the10university is _most worthwhile time of discovery and learning，and it is also _very enjoyable and valuable experience for every one of us.解析：句意：大学是一段学习和探索的非常有价值的时光，而且对于我们每一个人来说也是一次很快乐很有价值的经历。第一空，因为没有明确的范围，故不用最高级，a most意为“很，非常”；experience意为“经历”时是可数名词，在这里是泛指，所以前面需要用不定冠词。答案：a；a.单句改错1(2015高考浙江卷短文改错)i was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning._解析：in a hurry为固定短语，意为“匆匆忙忙”。答案：在第一个in后加a2(2014高考新课标全国卷短文改错)as result，the plants are growing everywhere._解析：as a result为固定短语，意为“因此，结果”。答案：as后加a3(2014高考陕西卷短文改错)that day i didnt learn much about animals，insects or trees，but i learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!_解析：单词impressive的读音以元音音素开头，故将a改为an。答案：aan4during the camp trip，children were fascinated by the wonders of the nature._解析：nature“大自然”为不可数名词，前面不加冠词。答案：删掉nature前的the5(2015福建龙岩教学质量检测改编)we all hold a view that the director in charge should bear full responsibility for the fire in shanghai._解析：句意：那位主管应该承担上海这次火灾的全部责任，我们都持有这种观点。view后带有that引导的同位语从句，故view表示特指。答案：athe6to get thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor when its needed._解析：句意：为了全面地了解自己还需要适时地帮助自己。有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of.时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。答案：get后加a7a air asia aircraft of indonesia，with 162 people on board，is reported to have crashed into the sea._解析：句意：印度尼西亚的一架亚洲航空公司的客机，机上载有162人，据报道已经坠入海中。“一架亚洲航空的客机”，air以元音开头，用不定冠词an。答案：aan8this is by far a most inspiring movie that i have ever seen._解析：句意：这是我迄今为止看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。由后面的定语从句that i have ever seen可知most inspiring为形容词最高级，故a改为the。答案：athe9in the eyes of children，playing on the internet can only bring them a great fun._解析：句意：在孩子们的眼中，上网只会带给他们无穷的乐趣。fun为不可数名词，故前不加不定冠词。答案：删掉a10students in senior 3 are under great stress，because no one will take a risk of failing in the college entrance examinations._解析：句意：高三学生有着很大的压力，因为没有人能承担在高考中失败的风险。take the risk of属于固定搭配，意为：承担风险。答案：athe高考模拟.语法填空(2015吉林长春外国语期中考试)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。at present，high school students are under 1._ (increase)pressure to study long hours every day.they spend over 8 hours a day studying at school，some of 2._ even have to attend extra classes in their spare time.this greatly affects their health and makes their parents and teachers 3._ (concern)to help solve 4._ problem，recently，some relevant government departments have made a new 5._ (regular) that no students shall go to school at weekends 6._ during official holidays.we support such a reform and we know that 7._ is essential and important for us students to balance study and relaxation.you see，new years day 8._ (approach)，and ill make good use of the time 9._ (relax)also，i come to realize that if i can rest well，i will be able to study 10._ (effective) when i come back to school.【解题导语】本文讲述目前学生压力大，相关部门制定政策来禁止补课，让学生休息好，才能在学校学习好。1解析：考查非谓语动词。increasing作定语修饰pressure。答案：increasing2解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们一天八个小时在学校，许多人还上补习课，指的是人，故用whom。答案：whom3解析：考查固定短语。 make sb.concerned使某人担心。答案：concerned4解析：考查冠词。本句中的problem表示特指，指所提到的问题故用定冠词the或指示代词this。答案：the/this5解析：考查名词。根据have made a new_(regular)中的a和new可知空格处应为名词。答案：regulation6解析：考查连词。句意：为了帮助解决这个问题，相关部门制定一系列的规定，不允许学生在周末或假期补课。此处为并列关系，故用or。答案：or7解析：考查代词。句意：我们知道这对于我们学生来说平衡学习与休息是非常有必要的。答案：it8解析：考查动词的时态。句意：春节即将临近，我们要利用时间休息。用现在进行时表将来。答案：is approaching9解析：考查非谓语动词。make good use of the time to do sth.充分利用时间做某事。答案：to relax10解析：考查副词。effectively用来修饰study。答案：effectively.短文改错(2016长春市调研试题)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。mr.zhang is sixty years old and had retired.he taught