福建省泉州市高考英语动词及动词短语（4）.doc

福建省泉州市唯思教育2013高考英语动词及动词短语（4）throw sb. off the balance 使某人失去平衡，使某人慌乱balance the good and evil of things 权衡事物的好坏两方面 即学即练2(1)we must _ the good and evil of things.我们必须权衡事物的好坏两个方面。(2)the acrobat _ on the high rope.杂技演员在高处的绳子上使自己保持平衡。(3)it is difficult to _ on an icy pavement.人行道上结了冰，要想不摔倒可不容易。(4)how long can you _ on one foot?你能单脚站立多久？balance/balanced himself/keep ones balance/balance 3lie n谎话；谎言 vt.&vi.说谎；躺，处于(某位置)tell a lie/lies 说谎反tell the truth 说实话a white lie 善意的谎言a big lie 弥天大谎lie to sb.向某人撒谎lie in 在于；处于lie down 躺下；屈服lie on ones side/back/stomach 侧卧/仰卧/俯卧there lies. 某地有提示：易混词形变化：lie撒谎liedlied躺laylainlyinglay 放；产卵laidlaidlaying 即学即练3(1)the boy must be a spy and was _.这男孩子一定是个间谍且在说谎。(2)you are _ and lies cannot cover up facts.你在说谎，但谎言掩盖不了事实。(3)he was _ in the shade of the tree.他正躺在树荫下。(4)the factory _ the west of the town. 工厂在镇的西边。telling a lie/lying/lying/lies to (5)dont _ your coat on the bed.不要把你的外衣放在床上。(6)birds, fishes, and insects _.鸟下蛋，鱼和昆虫产卵。lay/lay eggs4consult vt.&vi. 向咨询；查阅consultant n会诊医生；顾问consulting adj. 咨询的；顾问的consult sb. about sth. 向某人请教某事consult a book (a dictionary )查书(字典)consult with sb. 同某人商量a consulting engineer 顾问工程师 即学即练4(1)youd better _ a doctor _ your illness.你最好找医生咨询一下你的病情。(2)before a decision has been made, youd better _. 在作决定之前，最好找你父亲商量一下。(3)when you take a geography exam, you may _.参加地理考试时，你可以查阅地图。(4)he is _ his advisor.他正同他的顾问磋商事情。 consult about/consult your father/consult a map/consulting with7combine vt. & vi. (使)联合；(使)结合combination n. 结合；联合；化合(物)combine into. 联合成combine.with. 把与结合起来a combination of. 一种的结合(物)in combination with 与联合起来 即学即练7(1)some films _ education _ recreation.有些电影把教育与娱乐结合起来。(2)the two small shops _ to make a large one.这两个小店合并起来成为了一个大商店。(3)pink is _ red and white.粉红色是红色与白色的混合色。combine with/combined/a combination of8get away with 被放过；(做坏事)不受惩罚get rid of 摆脱；除去get about 走动；旅行；(消息等)传开来get across (使)被理解；(把)讲清楚get on/along well with. 与相处得好；进展得好get away from 逃脱；离开get down (从)下来；写下；使沮丧get down to doing sth. 开始认真地做某事get in 收获；插话get in touch with 与取得联系get into the habit of 染上的习惯get into trouble 陷入困境get out (of.) (使)出去；离开；逃脱；摆脱get over 爬过(墙等)；克服(困难等)；从中恢复过来get through 办完；花完(钱、时间等)；(使)通过；接通电话 即学即练8(1)i wont have you _ cheating in the exam.我不能容忍你考试作弊而不受惩罚。(2)he was so lucky to _ only a fine for such a serious mistake.他犯了如此严重的错误，侥幸只被罚款了事。(3)how can i _ the flies in the kitchen？我怎样才能把厨房里的苍蝇消灭掉？(4)hes not very good at _ his ideas _.他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。getting away with/get away with/get rid of/getting across10cut down 砍倒，使倒下；削减，压缩；减价即学即练10(1)he used to _ trees, but he plants trees now.他过去砍树，而现在植树。(2)i have to _.我得少抽烟。(3)aids _ at an early age.艾滋病较早地夺去了他的生命。(4)he was asking $100 for the vase, but i _ $75.这个花瓶要价100美元，但我砍到了75美元。cut down/cut down smoking/cut him down/cut him down to拓展：cut across走捷径，穿过去cut in插话；让某人分享利润cut off中止，切断；隔绝cut out删除；裁剪cut up劈碎，切碎；使难过；(严重地)割伤cut short突然停止，中断(活动)cut through穿过；克服；避开；剪断2. join/combine/unite/connect(1)join 侧重把原来不相连接的事物紧密地连接在一起，但仍可再分开。也指把分散的人或几个部分的人联合起来，或加入到某团体中去。短语：join up联合起来；join.to/and.连接。(2)combine 指两个或两个以上的人或物结合在一起。短语： combine with 与结合。(3)unite 指联合、团结、结合在一起，构成一个整体。(4)connect 指两事物在某一点上相连接，但彼此又保持独立。短语：connect.to/with 与相连；be connected with与有关系。应用2用 join, combine, unite, connect的恰当形式填空。(1)_， well stand; divided, well die.(2)efforts and confidence _ to make a full man.(3)this path _ the highway up ahead.(4)this railway _ london and edinburgh.united/combine/joins/connects3. glare/glance/stare/gaze/glimpse(1)glare侧重含有敌对情绪的“怒视”。(2)glance指快速地“一扫”“一瞥”。(3)stare指睁大眼睛出神地看或注视，凝视，多出于惊讶、好奇、羡慕等，有时是粗鲁无礼的。(4)gaze多指由于喜爱、憧憬或快乐而长时间无意识地注视。(5)glimpse无意识地一瞥，看到粗略印象，强调结果。 应用3(1)the policeman _ the thief as he drove past.(2)they _ at each other for a long time, after the quarrel.(3)its impolite to _ at foreign guests in the street.(4)he _ at her and left hurriedly.(5)the girl likes lying on her back and _ at the stars above.glimpsed/glared/stare/glanced/gazingb3u33wander vi.漫游；漫步；漂泊5permit vt. & vi.许可；允许；准许n.通行证；许可证；执照permission n许可；准许6spot vt.发现；认出n.斑点；污点；地点8account vi. & vt. 认为；说明；总计有 n说明；理由；计算；账目9seek vt. & vi.寻找；探索；寻求sought(过去式/过去分词)13believe vt.相信；信任believable adj.可信任的unbelievable adj.难以置信的2permit vt. 允许，许可nc许可证，执照permission n. u许可，准许，允许permit doing sth. 允许做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事with/without ones permissionwith/withoutthe permission of sb. (不)在某人的允许下 即学即练2(1)she refused to _.她拒不同意。(2)do you have a drivers _？你有驾驶执照吗？(3)_， well go out for a picnic.时间允许，我们就去野餐。(4)the policeman _ there.the policeman _ there.警察允许他在那里停车。give her permission/permit/time permitting/permitted his parking permitted him to park3spot vt. 发现，认出；点缀n. 斑点；污点；地点on the spot 当场，当下put sb. on the spot 使某人尴尬，使某人为难hit the spot 满足要求，合口味a scenic/historic spot 风景名胜/古迹be spotted with sth. 满是斑点 即学即练3(1)this is the spot _ the two trucks collided.这儿就是那两辆卡车相撞的地点。(2)how did you _ on your face?你脸上怎么弄脏了一块？(3)the teacher graded our test papers _.老师当场就给我们的试卷打了分。(4)the ink has _ my clean shirt.墨水把我的干净衬衫弄脏了。(5)my father _ several spelling mistakes in my composition.我父亲在我的作文里发现了好几处拼写错误。where/get that spot/on the spot/spotted/spotted5seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi. 寻找；探索；追求seek ones fortune追求财富；碰运气seek (after/for) sth. 寻找某物；追求某物seek sth. from sb.向某人寻求某事seek to do sth.(try/attempt to do sth.)试图/企图做某事 即学即练5(1)he is _ (asking for) a job.他正在找工作。(2)the boy _ his teacher.这个男孩向他的老师请教。(3)he is the man who is always _.他是个始终追求真理的人。(4)they are _ us. 他们试图误导我们。seeking/sought advice from/seeking after truth/seeking to mislead6bring up 抚养；培养；教育；提出即学即练6(1)she has _ five children.她养育了五个孩子。(2)these are matters that you can _ in committee.这些问题你可在委员会中提出。brought up/bring up拓展：bring about 引起；致使；造成；达成bring along/on 带来bring back 使记起；归还；恢复bring down 使减低；降低；挫伤(傲气)bring forth 产生；产出；生产bring forward 提出；出示；展示bring out 揭露；显示，解释；出版bring to (oneself) 使复苏bring in 引进；引来；赚得7go ahead 前进；(用于祈使句)可以；往下说；说吧；干吧go ahead with开始做某事ahead of 在 之前；超过press ahead with加紧进行，推行 即学即练7写出下列句中go ahead的意思。(1)if you think you can settle the problem, go ahead._ (2)the police examined the cars and allowed them to go ahead._(3)im afraid i have to trouble you with a question.go ahead. _(4)the government intends to go ahead with its privatization plans._开始干吧/继续前行/请说吧/推行；开始做9take a chance冒险；试图做某事；碰运气take a chancetake ones chancetake chancesby chance/accident偶然；碰巧chances are(that)可能性是there is a slim/slight chance that.不大可能即学即练9(1)you should never _ when driving a car.开车时千万别冒险。(2)we hadnt planned to meet. we met _.我们原未打算相见，是偶然遇见的。(3)_ shes already heard the news.可能她已经听到那则消息了。take chances/by chance/chances are thatb3u410exist vi.存在，生存existence n存在，生存17float vi. & vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n漂浮物2exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活existent adj. 存在的，现存的existence n. 存在，生存there exists/existed.某地有，存在exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生exist by 靠生存come into existence 开始存在；成立bring into existence 使发生，产生 即学即练2(1)_ always _ a force of attraction between two bodies. 两物体间总是存在着吸引力。(2)they _ _ very little food.他们靠极少的食物来生存。(3)that word doesnt _ in english. 英语中没有这个词。there exists/exist on/exist (4)fish cant _ _ _ _. 鱼离开水就不能生存。(5)when did the world _ _ _？世界是什么时候开始产生的？exist out of water/come into existence3puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂n. 难题；谜puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案；开动脑筋be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜be puzzled by 被迷惑 即学即练3(1)its quite _ _ _ us why he did that.他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。(2)this sentence _ me. 这个句子令我困惑。(3)i _ _ how to solve the problem.我不知道怎样解决这个问题。(4)the question is _ to me. 这个问题令我困惑。a puzzle to/puzzles/was puzzled/puzzling5prevent.from 阻止；制止stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保护某人不受侵袭，挡住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 即学即练5(1)what can we do to _ this disease _ _？我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？(2)dont _ others _ for long.不要让别人等太久。prevent/stop/keep from spreading/keep waiting提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：we were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我们无法外出。(2)protect.from.中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：they huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。6cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋cheer sb. up 使某人高兴；使某人振奋cheer on 为加油cheer sb. 为某人喝彩with good cheer 欣然地cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)即学即练6(1)_ _！ the news isnt too bad.振作一点吧！也不是什么太坏的消息。(2)every time an english runner won a race, the crowd _.每次英国选手赢得赛跑冠军，观众就欢呼。(3)the crowd _ their favourite horse _.观众都替他们看好的马加油。cheer up/cheered/cheered on7break out (战争、灾难、瘟疫等)突发；爆发(无被动语态)the second world war broke out in september 1939.“二战”是1939年9月爆发的。a fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚居民区里发生了火灾。拓展：break away from 脱离(政党等)；打破(陈套等)break down 出故障，抛锚；(计划等)失败；(身体、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解break in 破门而入；闯入；打断(话语等)break into 破门而入，突然起来break off 折断；突然中止，断绝，结束break through 突破break up 打碎，拆散；散开，解散；(学校)期末放假，(集会)结束break into pieces 成为碎片 即学即练7介、副词填空(1)she started to speak, then broke _ while a waitress served us with coffee.(2)he lost his job and his marriage broke _.(3)her health broke _ under the pressure of work.off/up/down (4)should another world war break _， what would become of human beings?(5)firemen had to break the door _ to reach the people trapped inside.(6)the meeting broke _ at eleven oclock.out/down/up8watch out 注意；当心watch out(for) look out (for)密切注意；留神take care 留神，注意be careful 仔细，留神watch it 当心，小心watch over 照看；看守keep a close watch/eye on 密切注视 即学即练8(1)_ _！ there is a car coming!当心！有车来了！(2)_ _ _ cars while crossing the road.过马路时要当心车辆。(3)_ _ not to catch a cold._ _ not to catch a cold. 当心别着凉。watch out/watch out for/be careful/take care2. pull/drag/draw(1)pull是普通用语，指一时或突然用力拉，与push相对。有时可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。(2)drag是指“拖”“拉”着笨重的物体擦着地面，缓慢而费力地拖、拉动作。(3)draw是指“拖”“拉”的物体向自己所在的方向移动，而且拖、拉的动作是从容的、不太费劲的。 应用2(1)she _a truck out from under the bed.(2)_ the door open. dont push it.(3)_ your chair up to the table.(4)the ants are _ pieces of corn.dragged/pull/draw/pullingb3u52chat vi. & n聊天；闲聊5surround vt. & vi.包围；围绕surroundings n(复)周围的事物；环境surrounding adj.周围的6measure vi. & vt.测量；衡量；判定 n计量制；计量单位；措施11mix vt. & vi.混合；调配mixture n混合(物)；混合状态12confirm vt.证实；证明；批准18terrify vt.使恐怖；恐吓terrifying adj.令人畏惧的terrified adj.感到畏惧的terror n恐惧terrible adj.恐怖的；恐惧的19impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记impression n印象impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的1surround vt.&vi.包围，环绕，围绕surrounding adj.周围的surroundings n. (pl.)环境be surrounded with/by. 被环绕/包围in a surrounding area 在周围地区be situated/located in very pleasant surroundings位于优美的环境中 即学即练1(1)the los angeles basin _ _ _ three sides _ high mountains.洛杉矶盆地三面都是高山。(2)the peasants are allowed to cultivate _ _ _.允许农民耕种周围的土地。(3)animals in a zoo are not living _ their natural _.动物园里的动物们不是生活在自然环境之中。is surrounded on by/the surrounding land/in surroundings5confirm vt. 证实，确认，批准，确定confirmation n. 证实，证明，确定，证明书confirmed adj. 已被证实的；确定的confirm a rumour 证实传闻confirm a theory 证实一种理论confirm the time of arrival 确定到达的时间confirm ones belief 坚定信念confirm a project 批准某个项目confirm a contract 批准合同confirm sb. in office 批准上任 即学即练5(1)the experiment _ _ _.那实验印证了他的理论。(2)the president _ that he would visit japan the following month.总统证实他将于下个月访问日本。(3)their advice _ _ _.他们的劝告更加强了我的决心。confirmed his theory/confirmed/confirmed my decisionb4u11achieve vt.完成；达到achievement n成就；功绩8behave vt. & vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现behavio(u)r n行为；举止；习性11observe vt.观察；观测；遵守observation n观察，观测observer n观察者12respect vt. & n尊敬；尊重；敬意respectable adj.体面的，值得尊敬的respectful adj.恭敬的respected adj.受尊敬的13argue vi. & vt.讨论；辩论；争论argument n争辩；争吵，论点，争论15inspire vt.鼓舞；感动；激发；启示inspiration n灵感；鼓舞或激励人的人或事物inspired adj.受感动的inspiring adj.鼓舞人的17intend vt.计划；打算intention n打算18deliver vt.递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)delivery n发表，递送1. behave vt.&vi.举止；举动；行为表现behaviour n行为；表现behave oneself 守规矩behave well/badly (towards sb.)(对)态度/举止好/恶劣wellbehaved adj. 表现好的badlybehaved adj. 表现差的be on ones best behaviour 举止规矩 即学即练1(1)_ yourself! 放规矩点！(2)the child _ _ at school.这孩子在校行为良好(不佳)。(3)he _ _ a gentleman.他表现得像个绅士。(4)their _ _ me shows that they dont like me.他们对我的态度表明他们不喜欢我。behave/behaved well(badly)/behaved like/behaviour towards2observe vt.&vi. 观察；遵守；庆祝；评述，评论observation n. 观察；观察力，(观察后发生的)议论，意见observe sb. do/doing sth. 观察某人做/(在做)某事observe the speed limit 遵守车速限制observe christmas (national day)庆祝圣诞节(国庆节)be under observation 受严密监视escape ones observation 避开某人的注意 即学即练2写出下列observe的意思。(1)everyone should observe the traffic rules._(2)some people observe christmas here._ (3)the police observed the man entering the bank._(4)she observed that hed left but made no comment._遵守/庆祝/观察/评论3respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意respectful adj. 恭敬的；尊敬的；尊重人的；有礼貌的respectable adj. 可敬的；有名望的；高尚的；值得尊敬的have/show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬/敬重in this respect 在这方面in all/many respects 在各个/许多方面in respect of 关于；就而言with respect to 至于；关于；就而言respect sb./sth. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人/某事 即学即练3(1)he _ highly _ _ everyone _ his honesty.他因诚实而深受大家的尊敬。(2)they _ _ _ _ _ his ability.他们十分尊重他的才能。(3)_ _ _， we are very fortunate.在这方面，我们是很幸运的。is respected by for/have a great respect for/in this respect (4)his work is good _ _ _ quality.他的工作质量很好。(5)the two groups were similar _ _ _ income and status.这两组人在收入和地位方面是相似的。in respect of/with respect to4argue vi. 争论；辩论vt. 争论；说服argument n. 争论；辩论argue with/against sb. on/about/over sth. 与某人争论某事argue against/for 为反对/为赞成而辩论argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事argue on. 就辩论argue that. 辩论说 即学即练4(1)he _ that the experiment could be done in another way.他辩称这项实验可以换一种方式进行。(2)do what you are told to and dont _ _ me.做要你做的事，不要与我争论。(3)we _ him _ the adoption of the plan.我们说服他采纳这项计划。argued/argue with/argued into (4)it is _ _ that china will become one of the strongest countries in the world.中国将成为世界上最强大的国家之一，这是无可争辩的。beyond argument6refer vi. 谈到；查阅；参考reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；指的是refer to.as.把称作/看作in/with reference toin connection with 关于without reference to 与无关，不管 即学即练6(1)in his speech, he didnt _ _ _ _ at all.在他的演讲中，他丝毫未触及那个问题。(2)if you have any questions, _ _ _ _.如果你有什么问题，请参阅指南。(3)when i said some people are stupid i wasnt _ _ _.当我说很多人很愚蠢的时候，我并不是指你。refer to the problem/refer to the guidebook/referring to you (4)the boy used to _ _ _ _ clever.过去人们认为这男孩很聪明。(5)he dislikes history books that are crowded with _ _ _ _.他不喜欢有很多参考其他书籍的附注的历史书。be referred to as/reference to other books7intend vt. 打算；计划intention n. 打算；计划intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事intend that.从句中谓语形式：(should)dointend.as.be intended as.打算把当做intend.for.be intended for 为打算或设计had intended that/to ended to have done.原本打算做 即学即练7(1)ive made a mistake though i _ _ _.虽然不是有意，但我犯了错。(2)the chair _ _ _ you, but she took it away.那椅子原来是要给你的，可是她拿走了。(3)this _ _ _ _ a picture of a cat.这幅画原本是要画猫的。didnt intend to/was intended for/was intended to be8deliver v. 投递，发表，宣布，接生，生(小孩)(仅限于被动语态)deliver sth. (to sb.) 投递/传送某物(给某人)deliver a speech 发表演说be delivered of a childgive birth to a child 生孩子deliver sb./sth. over to sb. 把移交给某人