2008年5、11月翻译资格考试二级笔译真题.doc

2008 年 5 月翻译资格考试二级笔译真题第一部分 英译汉必译题If a heavy reliance on fossil fuels makes a country a climate ogre, then Denmark with its thousands of wind turbines sprinkled on the coastlines and at sea is living a happy fairy tale.Viewed from the United States or Asia, Denmark is an environmental role model. The country is what a global warming solution looks like, wrote Frances Beinecke, the president of the Natural Resources Defense Council, in a letter to the group last autumn. About one-fifth of the countrys electricity comes from wind, which wind experts say is the highest proportion of any country.But a closer look shows that Denmark is a far cry from a clean-energy paradise. The building of wind turbines has virtually ground to a halt since subsidies were cut back. Meanwhile, compared with others in the European Union, Danes remain above-average emitters of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. For all its wind turbines, a large proportion of the rest of Denmarks power is generated by plants that burn imported coal.The Danish experience shows how difficult it can be for countries grown rich on fossil fuels to switch to renewable energy sources like wind power. Among the hurdles are fluctuating political priorities, the high cost of putting new turbines offshore, concern about public acceptance of large wind turbines and the volatility of the wind itself. Europe has really led the way, said Alex Klein, a senior analyst with Emerging Energy Research, a consulting firm with offices in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Some parts of western Denmark derive 100 percent of their peak needs from wind if the breeze is up. Germany and Spain generate more power in absolute terms, but in those countries wind still accounts for a far smaller proportion of the electricity generated. The average for all 27 European Union countries is 3 percent.But the Germans and the Spanish are catching up as Denmark slows down. Of the thousands of megawatts of wind power added last year around the world, only 8 megawatts were installed in Denmark. If higher subsidies had been maintained, he said, Denmark could now be generating close to one-third rather than one-fifth of its electricity from windmills.韩老师参考译文：如果一个国家因严重依赖化石燃料而成为导致气候变化的恶魔的话，那么丹麦这个拥有数千个沿海和海上风力发电机组的国家算得上是生活在童话里的幸福国度了。 在美国和亚洲各国看来，丹麦是环保领域的典范。自然资源保护委员会主席弗朗西斯贝尼克去年秋天致该委员会的信中说，丹麦“是应对全球变暖的样板”。丹麦风力发电量占全国发电总量的五分之一左右，风能专家称这一比例列世界之首。不过，如果再仔细分析一下就会发现，丹麦也远非利用清洁能源的“天堂”。自丹麦削减风力发电补贴以来，风力发电机组建设实际上已经陷入停滞状态。同时，与欧盟其他成员国相比，丹麦的二氧化碳排放量要高于欧盟平均水平。尽管丹麦安装了众多风力发电机组，但是丹麦很大程度上仍然依靠火电站发电，而且电煤也需要进口。一个国家依靠化石燃料发展起来后，再想转型依靠风能等可再生能源绝非易事，丹麦即是一例。风力发电遇到诸多阻碍，包括政府的政策重点不断调整，海上修建新风力发电厂成本较高，公众能否接受大型风力发电机组建设存疑，风力自身也具有不稳定性。咨询公司美国新能源研究中心在马萨诸塞州剑桥设有多个办事处，该公司的高级分析师阿历克斯克莱恩说，“（在清洁能源发展方面）欧洲确实引领世界”。如果风力理想的话，丹麦西部一些地区用电高峰期的所有电力供应都来自风力发电。就风力绝对发电量而言，德国和西班牙都超过了丹麦，但是风力发电在这两国发电总量中所占的比重要比丹麦小得多。欧盟 27 国中风力发电所占比重平均为 3%。不过，由于丹麦现在放慢了风力发电的发展步伐，德、西两国现正迎头赶上。去年全球共新增风力发电装机容量数千兆瓦，丹麦仅为 8 兆瓦。克莱恩说，如果丹麦当初没有削减补贴的话，风力发电所占比重应该早就从现在的五分之一上升到近三分之一了。英译汉选译题试题一ONE DAY in February 1926 an unknown American writer walked out of a New York snowstorm and into history. An important piece of that history is now in danger of being lost forever, caught in the controversy over the US trade embargo against Cuba.The unknown writer was Ernest Hemingway, and the New York office he walked into wasthat of Maxwell Perkins, the most famous American literary editor of his day.It is difficult to conceive - 80 years and an incandescent literary career later the idea of publishing the 26-year-old Hemingway was a big risk. Hemingway had not yet published a novel. Indeed, his only published fiction consisted of a few short stories and poems, mostly in obscure Paris literary journals.Yet Mr. Perkins, as Hemingway was to call him for years afterwards, even after they had become close friends, took the risk. On the spot, he offered Hemingway a deal included a generous $1,500 advance on an unfinished, unnamed novel that Perkins had not even seen. Hemingway and Perkins began a correspondence that lasted for 21 years, until Perkinss death in 1947. A number of those letters are now housed in Cuba, at Finca Vigia, where Hemingway lived longer than anywhere else. But the house is in danger of collapse.A group of Americans is trying to save the house and its contents. Yet the US government wont let them.The Treasury Department recently turned down the Hemingway Preservation Foundations application for a license to permit its architects, engineers, and consultants to travel to Cuba to research a feasibility study to help the Cubans save Finca Vigia. This denial,韩老师参考译文：1926 年 2 月的一天，纽约大雪纷飞，这一天，一位默默无闻的美国作家踏入了永垂史册的机会之门。如今，由于美国对古巴实施贸易禁运引发争议，那段历史的重要记忆也因而面临永久消失的危险。这位当时名不见经传的作家就是欧内斯特海明威，他所踏入的机会之门就是麦克斯威尔柏金斯在纽约的办公室。柏金斯是美国当时赫赫有名的文学编辑。80 年过去了，自己也经历了辉煌的文学生涯，现在再回顾当时，确实让人难以想象，海明威当时才 26 岁，为这样毫无名气的年轻人出书可是冒了不小的风险。海明威那时还没出版过一本长篇小说，事实上，他所出版的唯一的小说收集了他的一些短篇小说和诗歌，其中大部分也只是发表在巴黎一些没有名气的文学杂志期刊上。不过，柏金斯先生这次甘愿冒险。从最初相识到相知多年后海明威对他一直以柏金斯先生相称，甚至两人成了密友之后也是如此。当时柏金斯还没有看过海明威的那篇小说，而且小说还没写完，甚至连书名都还没有，但是，柏金斯当即给海明威开出了优厚条件，包括支付他 1，500 美元的定金。海明威和柏金斯从此开始了长达 21 年的书信往来，直到 1947 年柏金斯去世。海明威一生在古巴的瞭望山庄生活时间最长，现在这里还收藏着两人的部分书信真迹。但是，瞭望山庄现在有坍塌之虞。一些美国人试图要拯救这座山庄及其藏品，但是美国政府却横加阻挠。海明威保护基金会曾提出申请，希望能获得许可，派一批建筑师、工程师和顾问前往古巴进行可行性研究，帮助古巴人拯救瞭望山庄，但是，美国财政部最近拒绝了这一申请。申请遭拒违背了相关法律条文和精神，现在该基金会正据此提出上诉。试题二（缺）第二部分 汉译英必译题从 19 世纪 40 年代之后的鸦片战争、甲午战争，至 20 世纪 30 年代的日本侵华战争，中国惨遭东西方列强的屠戮和极其野蛮的经济掠夺;再加上封建腐败和连年内乱，中国主权沦丧、生灵涂炭、国力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的灾难、惨痛的事实使中华民族深知和平之珍贵、发展之重要。这样的历史实践形成了中国人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，坚定了中国人民走和平发展道路的信念。 1949 年新中国成立后，我们在发展道路上艰辛探索，既经历过成功的喜悦，也经受过失败的挫折。从 1978 年开始，中国开启了新的征程，从计划转向市场，从封闭转向开放，从自成一体转向融入经济全球化，走独立自主地建设中国特色社会主义的道路，取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就。实践充分证明，坚持走和平发展的道路是正确的，既符合中国国情，又顺应时代潮流。中国将沿着这条和平发展的道路，坚定不移地走下去。官方参考译文：From the Opium War and the First Sino-Japanese War after the 1840s, Chinas War on Foreign Invaders 1900 to the Japanese War of Aggression against China in 1930s, China was subject to the butchering of the then strong powers in the West and East and their extremely barbarian economic depredation. This, coupled with feudal corruption and years of successive civil strife and chaos, led to the loss of Chinas sovereignty and the horrendous suffering of her people, her national strength failing and people barely surviving. The grave disasters and the harsh facts have ingrained deeply into the Chinese nation the value of peace and the importance of development. Such a historic experience has shaped the psychology of the Chinese people in our quest for peace and hope for stability, consolidating our belief in following a path to peaceful development.After the founding of New China in 1949, we have made arduous explorations in the course of our development, going through both the joys of success and the frustrations of failure. Starting from 1978, China has embarked on a new journey of transforming from a planned to a market economy, from cloistered up to opening up, from exclusive self-sustaining to integration into globalization. By following a path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics in an independent and self-reliant manner, we have scored glorious achievements that attracted worldwide attention. Practice has amply demonstrated that it is right to adhere to a path of peaceful development, as it conforms to both Chinas reality and the trend of the times. China will unswervingly march onward alongside this path to peaceful development. 韩老师参考译文：From the Opium Wars that ravaged China in 1840s and 1860s through the Sino-Japanese War that broke out in 1894 to the Japanese Aggression War on China that started in 1930s, China was subjected to merciless slaughtering and brutal economic plundering by both Occidental and Oriental imperial powers. The external bullying and oppression, coupled with outrageous corruption of feudal imperial courts and incessant turmoil and chaos arising from within, deprived the nation of sovereignty, plunged the people into misery and suffering, and drastically debilitated the country. With untold suffering and tragic episodes in mind, the Chinese nation is keenly aware of how peace shall be cherished and development valued. It is out of this historical context that the Chinese people have shaped their craving for peace and aspiration for stability. What happened in that humiliating part of history has entrenched/anchored the Chinese peoples conviction in following a path to peaceful development. The founding of new China in 1949 has been followed by strenuous explorations that have produced a mix of successes and failures, exciting progress and frustrating setbacks. China embarked on a whole-new journey in 1978, moving away from planned economy to market-oriented practices and from self-seclusion to opening. China has since been integrating itself into the global economy and remained committed to building socialism with distinctive Chinese features on its own. The remarkable achievements we have accomplished over the years testify to the fact that the road to peaceful development is correct, as it conforms to not only Chinas national reality but also the defining trend of our times. China will stay committed to peaceful rise down the road.汉译英选译题试题一1968 年我从北京来到陕西，惟一挂念的是在故乡身患绝症的老母亲。母亲的时日已经不多，身边再无亲人，离别成为我心中最沉重的痛。惟一能传递母亲信息的就是那枚小小的邮票。母亲当时已经双目失明，信是让别人代写的，内容千篇一律的干枯，邮票却是母亲自己摸索着贴上去的，她贴了一叠信封，随用随取，为的是不给别人添麻烦。每回接到母亲来信，我都要抚摸贴在信封右上角的邮票，那是母亲亲手贴上去的，它贴得规正却无画面感，很多时候是头朝下的，因为母亲根本看不见，她是凭感觉在贴。邮票残留着母亲的手印，承载着母亲的挂念，那上面有母亲的气息。凝视中，我常常泪眼模糊邮票是母亲的替代。我对邮票的认识源自于此。官方参考译文：（缺）韩老师参考译文：When I moved from Beijing to Shaanxi in northwestern China in 1968, the only person Iwas concerned about was my mother, left in the hometown alone and terminally ill. Parting with her weighed overwhelmingly heavy on my mind, as her days were literally numbered but there was no family around her. The only vehicle of communication between mother and me was a tiny stamp. Back then mother lost all her sight and had to turn to ghostwriters. As such, letters from her were invariably cut and dried, but were stamped by mother herself. Blind as she was, she groped for the right corner to put a stamp on. She typically got a pile of envelopes stamped all at once simply to save trouble for her helpers. Each time her letter arrived, I would routinely make a point of feeling the stamp pasted on the upper right corner of the envelope. The stamping was her job, done nice and well, but never evoked a picture, as in many cases stamps were put upside down due to her loss of sight. After all, being blind, she did all this based totally on rule of thumb. Stamps carried her fingerprints communicating motherly love and care. On that note, my eyes were often blurred with tears whenever I gazed at the stamp of each letter from her. Stamps in this sense stand for mother, and that is how I started to understand the meaning of stamps.试题二2007 年 1 月 28 日清晨，一列我国最新 CRH 高速动车组列车在上海南站首次亮相，标志着中国铁路进入一个全新时代。新型 CRH 高速列车最高时速可达 250 公里，目前运行时速 160 公里。共有 200 名乘客见证了列车从上海到杭州的首次运行，其高速、平稳及美妙的乘坐体验给大家留下了深刻印象。该列车的内外装饰都达到了国际统一标准，给乘客优越的旅行体验。此次提速的关键元素在于它的高科技车头，其重量与传统机车头相比减半，大大降低了能耗。除了新型 CRH 高速列车人性化的设计外，乘客还能体验到更舒心的服务。春节临近，CRH 高速列车的全面运营将有望缓解紧张的铁路运输压力，以便出行更加便捷舒适。官方参考译文：（缺）韩老师参考译文：The latest CRH train, Chinas high-speed version, made its debut at Shanghai South Railway Station on the morning of January 28, 2007, ushering in a whole-new era for China s railway system. The newest CRH version, which can travel at a top speed of 250km per hour, runs at 160KMH at the moment. The 200 passengers who had the luxury of accompanying its maiden run from Shanghai to Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang province, were all impressed by the swift yet smooth and fabulous travel experience the train has to offer. World-class interior and exterior designs and decorations of the train secure superior travel experience. The key upgrade this time around lies in the high-tech locomotive, which consumes much less energy as it is only half the weight of a traditional one.Aside from the passenger-friendly design, the CRH train also stands out for caring services. As the Spring Festival draws near, CRH trains will be set in motion just in time for peak rail traffic, promising to make travel faster yet more comfortable for passengers. 2008 年 11 月翻译资格考试二级笔译真题第一部分 英译汉必译题 Mangoes in Africa, as elsewhere, often fall prey to fruit flies, which destroy about 40% of the continents crop. In fact, fruit flies are so common in African mangoes that America has banned their import altogether, to protect its own orchards. African farmers, meanwhile, have few practical means to defend their fruit. Chemical pesticides are expensive. And even for those who can afford them they are not that effective since, by the time a farmer spots an infestation, it is too late to spray.Agricultural scientists have also looked at controlling fruit flies with parasitic wasps. But the most common ones kill off only about one fly in 20, leaving plenty of survivors to go on the rampage. Lethal traps baited with fly-attracting pheromones are another option. But they, too, are expensive. Instead, most farmers simply harvest their fruit early, when it is not yet fully ripe. This makes it less vulnerable to the flies, but also less valuable. Farmers whose trees are teeming with worker ants, however, do not need to bother with any of this. In a survey of several orchards in Benin, Dr van Mele and his colleagues found an average of less than one fruit-fly pupa in each batch of 30 mangoes from trees where worker ants were abundant, but an average of 77 pupae in batches from trees without worker ants. The worker ants, it turns out, are very thorough about hunting down and eating fruit flies, as well as a host of other pests.Worker ants have been used for