河北省唐山市丰润区高考英语阅读理解好信息匹配暑假自练（11）.doc

河北省唐山市丰润区2016高考英语阅读理解好信息匹配暑假自练（11）阅读理解。“experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particularly good teacher.” you might think that winston churchill or perhaps mark twain spoke those words, but they actually come from james march, a professor at stanford university and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. for years march( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book the ambiguities of experience. he begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning :“experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.” the problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（复杂化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which march discusses in the body of this book.in one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. he says “the more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher. march is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. though the book is short, it is demanding；dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.( ) 1. according to the text, james march is _. a. a poet who uses experience in his writingb. a teacher who teachers story writing in universityc. a researcher who studies the way humans think and actd. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions( ) 2. according to james march, experience _. a. is overvalued b. is easy to explainc. should be actively sought d. should be inactively sought( ) 3. what can we learn from paragraph 3? a. experience makes stories more accurate.b. stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.c. the use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.d. stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.( ) 4.whats the purpose of this text? a. to introduce a book. b. to describe a researcher.c. to explain experiential learning. d. to discuss organizational decision making.【答案与解析】【要点综述】文章介绍了james march所著的一本名为the ambiguities of experience书。本书针对人们生活中过分依赖经验这一现象作了分析实际上是告诫人们不可高估经验的作用。1c 细节理解题。根据首段“for years march( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act,”可知。2a 推理判断题。根据首段第一句及第2段“the problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及）serious complications（复杂化），.”可得知march认为人们高估了经验的作用。3b细节理解题。根据第3段“the more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”可判断正确答案为b。4a 推理判断题。此题判断作者的写作意图。从首段最末一句“he continues to do so in his new book the ambiguities of experience.”及末段“though the book is short, it is demanding；dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons.”可推断出本文是介绍march所著的这本书。 阅读理解。if a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.the consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.if the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.other airbreathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.and so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.that these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.if bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.this kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.bruce rothschild of the university of kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.what he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.to this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds naturalhistory museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the triassic period and from the later jurassic and cretaceous periods.when he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.more than 15% of jurassic and cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.if ichthyosaurs did evolve an antidecompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.but that is not what dr rothschild thinks happened.he suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物)such as a large shark.one of the features of jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark and crocodilefree.in the triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.in the jurassic and cretaceous，they were prey(猎物)as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.61which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?aa twisted body.ba gradual decrease in blood supply.ca sudden release of nitrogen in blood.da drop in blood pressure.62the purpose of rothschilds study is to see _ahow often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsbhow ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressioncwhy ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesdwhen ichthyosaurs broke their bones63rothschilds finding stated in paragraph 4 _aconfirmed his assumption bspeeded up his research processcdisagreed with his assumption dchanged his research objectives64rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs _.afailed to evolve an antidecompression meansbgradually developed measures against the bendscdied out because of large sharks and crocodilesdevolved an antidecompression means but soon lost it【要点综述】 本篇为科普说明文，讲述鱼龙患减压病的原因和后果。dr rothschild通过实验推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。61a细节理解题。根据the bends可定位到首段。由“the consequenceis sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.”可知答案，a bent body和a twisted body是同义转换。由第二句的“nitrogen dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.”可知，这是说the bends的形成原因，故c、d项错，而b项文章没有提及。62b推理判断题。题干中的关键词是rothschilds study，由此可定位到第三段的前两句。根据“to find out how widespread the problem was in the pastto investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression”可知答案为b。63c推理判断题。根据第四段“he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.”可知，rothschild的假设结论与在研究过程中得出的结果是相反的，故选c项。64a推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，rothschild认为鱼龙在进化过程中反减压方式进化失败，故选a项。 【重庆市南开中学2014高考英语二诊考试】 请阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的a，b，c，d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。in december of l 992i was a happy husband and father of two young childrena month later，i was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(急性白血病)after two years of chemo(化疗)that helped control the disease，my body was weak and lifelessi felt as if i were a puppet who needed help to lift his arms or hold up his headi began to runafter six months my strength had come backon one of my runs，one where i felt i could run forever，i decided i was going to try to run a marathonafter telling my dad about my plan，he told me of a program that trains people to run a marathon，while raising funds for leukemia research at the same timeso that summer，through the leukemia societys team in training program，i started to train for the marine corps marathonduring mile after mile of uncertainty，the day finally came to run the marathonon october 27，1996，at 8 am，along with l9,000 other brave souls i started on a 26.2-mile journey that i will never forgeti first saw my wife patty at the six-mile mark . she seemed happy that i was still looking as if i knew what i was doing，and having a good time doing itat mile l7，my mind was going back to those two horrible years that tried to bring my family and me downi saw her againthe concern in her face told me she knew i was starting to strugglei felt as if we were thinking the same，nine more miles and these last few years will be behind usthat thought alone pulled me forwardmile 22，23，slowing but going，24，25，then there it wasthe iwo jima war memoriali have seen nothing so grand and inspiring in my lifethree hours and forty-one minutes after i started，i crossed what i think has to be the most fitting finish line in all of road racing!that night the leukemia society gave me a pin at a post-race party that simply says，“leukemia 26.2”if god wills，my cancer may once again take away my hair and my strength，maybe even my lifebut it can never take away my pin，or the fact that i am a marathoner .36the writer decided to run a marathon because _ . ahe wanted to raise money for leukemia research bhe believed he was able to take the challenge che hoped to recover his strength through training dhis dad knew about the race and made the suggestion37which statement is right about the writer? ahe has always been dreaming of becoming a marathoner bthe training he took that summer well prepared him for the race cthose running in the race were mostly leukemia patients like him . dhis wife was with him during the marathon to give him support38why does the writer think the finish line is the most fitting?abecause running a marathon is the most suitable sport for himbbecause the memorial is the most powerful construction he has seencbecause he considers it a victory over his disease to finish the racedbecause 26.2 miles is the most reasonable distance for road racing39which of the following can best describe the writer? aoptimistic and outspokenbstrong-willed and determined cgenerous and easy-goingdbrave and warm-hearted【参考答案】3639、bdcb 阅读理解in todays throwaway society，dealing with the citys growing mountain of waste is an increasing challenge for the city council(市议会)recently, edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of(处理)about 250,000 million tons of waste a year. despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green mannerlargely through encouraging recyclingits aging facilities such as the powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it.the european union(eu) has issued a new policy，regulating how such mountains of waste are to be disposed of.the five councils (edinburgh，east lothian, west lothian，midlothian and borders) face fines around 18 million a year from 2013 if they dont increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill.with this in mind，the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚烧厂)to burn half of the waste produced in their districts.but this plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new uk government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the citys waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025.after the plan was abandoned，a private company which already transported millions of tons of the citys waste by train to a landfill site near dunbar，offered an alternative solution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near portobello.since powderhall is supposed to close in 2015，it seemed necessary for the members of the edinburgh council to accept the suggestion.but soon they turned it downafter 700 local objections reached thembecause it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas.that still leaves the council with a problem.by 2013，only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be allowed to be sent to landfill.even if recycling targets are met，there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up.due to this，edinburgh and midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.回收利用曾是最绿色的垃圾处理方式。 但是，这种处理方法却不能短时间内满足欧盟对于及时解决废物的政策需求，因此，在回收利用的同时，他们还是得重建一所大型的垃圾焚烧厂。1the main way of handling waste in a green manner in edinburgh is _.arecycling brestoringcburying dburning答案：a。细节判断题。第二段中的信息词“largely through encouraging recycling”可以断定选项a的说法是与原文保持一致的。2the five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to _.areduce the cost of burying waste bmeet the eu requirements cspeed up waste recyclingdreplace landfill sites答案：b。细节判断题。在第三个段落的开头提到了“the eu has issued a new policy.”便可以断定他们制定这个处理垃圾的计划也正是这个政策的出台，所以与选项b的说法是相符合的。3the city council of edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near portobello because _.ait came from a private company bthe council was not interested in it cit was not supported by eudthe local people were against it答案：d。细节判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“.700 local objections reached them.”，可以断定市民是反对的。4what is the final decision of edinburgh and midlothian councils? ato open a new landfill nearby.bto close the powderhall landfill in 2015.cto set up a plant for burning waste.dto persuade people to reduce their waste.答案：c。细节判断题。根据文章最后一句话中的“set up an incenerator plant”，即：建一个垃圾焚烧厂，就可以断定，选项c与本信息句是相吻合的。【2014黑龙江哈尔滨第六中学四模】（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。i live in japan, where electronic items are a way of life, so it is no surprise that many students carry these little electronic dictionaries. e-dictionaries may be lighter and compacter(简洁的) than any paper dictionary. 71 however, to me, these are pretty much the limits to their advantages. i think e-dictionaries should be limited in their use in classrooms. 72 e-dictionaries are much more expensive. in japan, they cost as little as 10,000 yen (us $100) or as much as 40,000 yen, depending on how many functions you want and depending on how fashionable you are. my trusty random house paper dictionaries is copyrighted in 1995, cost me a mere us $12.95 plus tax.e-dictionaries are more fragile. drop your paper dictionary. go ahead. hold it above your 【参考答案】7175、bgdca【2014界黑龙江省哈三中高三上第三次验收考试】(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 as we get older, most of us worry about grey hair, wrinkles and maintaining a youthful body. 71 here, mr. rubin, a voice expert, reveals how to keep your voice youthful. drink more fluid and avoid spicy food you need water for the vocal cords(声带) to vibrate well. the body must keep absorbing en